Sputum bloody on expectoration. What it can be with angina, lung cancer, pneumonia, cough with and without fever, what to treat

Sputum symptom with blood during coughing indicates a serious illness in the person. According to the amount and external characteristics of the secreted mucus, the doctor can make a preliminary diagnosis.

A pathological condition during expectoration requires a comprehensive diagnosis and correctly formulated treatment. Otherwise, the person will have serious complications. The examination and treatment is carried out by a pulmonologist.

The mechanism of the appearance of blood in sputum

Many people, having noticed blood in the exudate when coughing up, are afraid of this condition. But sometimes this situation is physiological for a person. Despite the existing statistics in medicine, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination, especially if concomitant clinical symptoms are present.

In most cases, mucus and blood mix due to a ruptured blood vessel when the respiratory system is affected. This happens under the influence of numerous reasons - physical impact or pathological processes in the human body.

Types of hemoptysis

In medicine, there is a certain classification of hemoptysis, taking into account the mechanism of the pathological condition:

Name	Description
Mechanical	Blood in the sputum appears after mechanical action, due to which a blood vessel ruptured. The same goes for surgery.
Arrosive	The cause of the pathological condition is degenerative-dystrophic processes (tumor growth through a blood vessel and a violation of its structure).
Diapedetic	The pores of the outer lining of a vein or artery expand, causing a certain number of red blood cells to escape outside the blood vessel.

There is also a classification of hemoptysis, taking into account the volume and consistency of the discharge:

Name	Description
Hemoptysis of true character	The volume of sputum secreted is no more than 60 ml per day. The mucous and viscous substance contains clearly visible blood streaks and light orange spots.
Pulmonary hemoptysis of small level	The maximum volume of sputum secreted is 100 ml. The mucus is liquid and clean, sometimes of a foamy consistency.
Pulmonary hemoptysis of average level	The amount of sputum per day exceeds 450 ml. There is a release of pure blood, without impurities.
Pulmonary hemoptysis of a large level	The volume of excreted blood is more than 500 ml. A dangerous condition for a person that can lead to death.

In any situation, accompanying signs appear that require a thorough examination in order to establish an accurate diagnosis.

When there is bloody discharge in the sputum

Sputum with blood during expectoration is not always the result of a pathological condition.

In some situations, the provoking factors are circumstances that do not threaten the patient's life:

Name	Description
Diagnostic measures	During medical procedures, for example, during bronchoscopy, the mucous membrane is damaged. Blood appears during coughing. This temporary symptom disappears on its own when the mucous membrane is restored.
Long-term smoking	As a result of prolonged abuse of tobacco products, the ciliated epithelium becomes thinner. Its superficial blood vessels are gradually destroyed. Therefore, streaks of blood appear in the sputum.
Taking certain medications	Long-term treatment with anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents leads to disruption of the integrity of small capillaries, they rupture. This is a side effect of medications.
Physical exercise	During sports activities or when performing hard work, small vessels and capillaries can be damaged, as a result of which blood in the sputum also appears.
Harmful production	Systematic contact with chemicals, harmful smoke or toxic gases negatively affects the condition of the bronchi, as a result of which blood appears during coughing.

Bloody discharge with sputum can also appear as a result of severe dehydration of the body, the ingress of a foreign body into the lungs. The same goes for broken ribs, indiscriminate medication. In these situations, the sputum contains a small amount of blood. The characteristic streaks turn the mucus into a dark brown color.

Main manifestations

The secretion of phlegm during coughing is a natural phenomenon, with the help of which the body cleanses the organs of the respiratory system. In a normal state, mucus contains secreted secretions from the glands, dust particles, and various microorganisms. The pathological condition leads to the fact that blood enters the sputum.

Hemoptysis is a sign of a serious illness in the body. human and may be accompanied by numerous concomitant symptoms:

• bleeding from the nose;
• decrease in body weight;
• violation of the respiratory process;
• severe shortness of breath;
• increased body temperature;
• pain in the chest area;
• fatigue and general weakness in the body;
• increased sweating, especially at night;
• loss of appetite or complete lack of it.

Many pathological conditions are accompanied by such signs, so it is important to differentiate the disease and start treatment.

Coughing up blood without fever

Sputum with blood when coughing up without an increase in body temperature is often the result of damage to the upper digestive system (esophagus, stomach, duodenum).

Most of the pathologies are chronic and without fever. The damaged blood vessels of the affected internal organs are bleeding. Sputum with blood during expectoration without fever appears in chronic esophagitis, diverticulosis, and oncological tumors.

In children, hemoptysis without fever can cause a foreign body to enter the respiratory tract. Blood appears as a result of damage to the mucous membrane.

Causes of hemoptysis with angina, cough

Angina is a disease that is accompanied by the formation of purulent plaque on the surface of the tonsil mucosa. When the throat is treated, open wounds remain in the affected areas, from which blood is released. Therefore, during a cough, blood comes out along with sputum, sometimes even pus. High fever is an accompanying symptom.

When coughing, hemoptysis is often the result of damage to the digestive organs.

There are certain manifestations that can help to suspect problems with the intestines and stomach when sputum is released with blood:

• before the onset of bronchospasm, a tingling sensation appears in the throat;
• the blood during coughing has a foamy consistency, the color is bright scarlet;
• while coughing, a person is also worried about stomach discomfort and nausea.

It is necessary to pay attention to the consistency of the secreted sputum with blood, it resembles a thick paint. In the case of bacterial damage to the organs of the digestive system, mucus contains purulent inclusions.

Common lung diseases

Sputum with blood during expectoration in most cases is a consequence of the development of a serious illness, which is important to timely diagnose and start treatment:

Name	Description
Lungs' cancer	A dangerous disease for humans, which is accompanied by the release of blood during coughing. When the lungs are damaged by malignant processes, there remains a high risk of secondary infection, as evidenced by the discharge of pus. It is important to accurately differentiate the disease in order to prevent complications with the right therapy.
Traumatic injury	A dangerous condition for a person in which blood pressure rises. Strong painful sensations appear in the sternum, and breathing is impaired.
Pneumonia	The disease of an infectious nature is accompanied by an inflammatory process, which is provoked by multiplying pathogenic microorganisms. The extra blood flow causes red blood cells to enter the airways.
Tuberculosis	Hemoptysis in this state can disturb a person in the morning and throughout the day. The disease is accompanied by increased sweating, especially at night, general malaise and subfebrile body temperature.
Bronchitis	The disease is accompanied by a lingering cough and profuse sputum with red spots and purulent impurities. The patient also complains of frequent shortness of breath, high body temperature and general weakness.
Pulmonary abscess	The pathological condition is characterized by a purulent process in the area of ​​the lung parenchyma. Sputum with blood has an unpleasant odor. The accompanying symptoms of the pathological condition are severe tachycardia, cyanosis, shortness of breath and fever.

Chronic diseases are also accompanied by hemoptysis, since prolonged inflammatory processes provoke thinning of the mucous epithelium of the bronchi. Its damage during coughing leads to the secretion of mucus with blood impurities.

Pathology of the cardiovascular system

Sputum with blood in cardiovascular diseases appears as a result of congestion. The patient is also worried about prolonged shortness of breath after physical exertion. There is a painful syndrome in the chest area and a severe cough. Sputum with blood when coughing up provokes mitral stenosis, heart attack, violation of the integrity of the aorta, cardiomyopathy, heart defects.

When is a specialist examination required?

It is necessary to visit a therapist when the first warning signs of a pathological condition appear. Taking into account the accompanying symptoms and the patient's condition, the specialist will refer the person for a comprehensive examination.

Sputum with blood also requires consultation with a pulmonologist. Given the provoking factor and the cause of the pathological condition, the patient may need to consult other specialized doctors (oncologist, phthisiatrician, cardiologist).

Diagnostics

Comprehensive diagnostics will help a specialist to identify the disease at an early stage of development and correctly draw up a treatment regimen.

The following tests are recommended for patients with hemoptysis:

Name	Description
Chest x-ray	The examination will help identify pathological changes in the organs of the respiratory system.
Electrocardiogram (ECG)	The specialist evaluates the functioning of the cardiovascular system.
Computed tomography (CT)	The examination allows you to assess the condition of the lungs and identify pathological changes that did not help establish other tests.
Bronchography	The vascular and bronchopulmonary pattern is determined.
Bronchoscopy	A diagnostic method that allows you to assess the condition of the inner lining of the bronchi.
General and biochemical blood test	The results show the development of the inflammatory process.
Microbiological research	In laboratory conditions, sputum is examined for the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.

It is important to carry out a differential diagnosis, since many diseases of the respiratory system are accompanied by similar clinical symptoms.

First aid for pulmonary hemorrhage

If phlegm with blood appears during coughing, it is recommended to immediately call an ambulance.

While the doctor is traveling, you should do the following:

1. To seat a person or help him to take a reclining position.
2. Provide maximum physical peace.
3. Unbutton your clothes.
4. Open the windows in the room so that fresh air helps to breathe easier.
5. If necessary, it is recommended to apply a cold compress (ice or water) to the affected part of the body.

The victim is prohibited from giving medications that can affect the person's condition and the intensity of bleeding. The same applies to hot water, mustard plasters, the use of heat is completely excluded. Antitussive drugs should not be given without a doctor's prescription. The active ingredients contribute to the expansion of blood vessels, which can increase bleeding.

How and what is the treatment

Sputum with blood during expectoration requires a properly selected therapy. The pulmonologist draws up a treatment regimen based on the results of the examination and the patient's condition.

First of all, with hemoptysis, drug therapy is carried out:

Drug group	Name	Application
Antibacterial drugs	Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone	The medicine is recommended to be taken before meals or after meals 1 time per day. The adult dosage is 0.5-1 g. The course of treatment lasts 3 days.
Antiviral medicines	Viferon, Amiksin	The medicine should be taken orally after meals. The first 2 days, 125 mg per day. Thereafter, 125 mg every 48 hours.
Pain relievers	Ketanov, Paracetamol	Tablets are recommended to be taken orally 10 mg every 4-6 hours. If necessary, the dosage can be increased to 20 mg 3-4 times a day.
Hemostatic medicines	Aminocaproic acid, Etamsylate	The medicine is administered intramuscularly or intravenously. The recommended dosage is 125-250 mg 3-4 times a day.
Antineoplastic drugs	Methotrexate, Vincristine	The doctor selects the treatment regimen, taking into account the patient's condition. Medicines are administered intramuscularly or intravenously at 15-50 mg 1 time per day for 5 days. The interval between courses is 1-4 weeks.
Anti-tuberculosis drugs	Isoniazid, Rifampicin	The medicine is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. The dosage is selected taking into account the human condition - 200-300 mg per day. The course of treatment includes 30-150 injections.
Mucolytics	Bromhexine, Ambrobene	Medicines are taken orally 3 times a day with plenty of water. The adult dosage is 8-16 mg.
Bronchodilators	Pulmicort, Salbutamol	The drugs are used by inhalation. The recommended dosage is 1-2 mg per day.

In combination with traditional treatment, the patient must observe some recommendations for obtaining the maximum therapeutic effect:

• Give up bad habits (smoking, alcoholic beverages).
• It is important to eat well.
• Strictly adhere to the treatment regimen.

In the absence of serious contraindications for the treatment of hemoptysis, you can use folk remedies, but strictly after consulting your doctor:

Name	Recipe	Application
Healing drink	Mix in equal parts ginger, natural honey and lemon. Grind all components and add water, put on fire. Bring the resulting mixture to a boil and cool.	The medicine is recommended to be taken before bedtime.
Milk with honey	Warm milk (1 tbsp.) And add 1 tsp. l. natural honey.	The finished drink should be drunk before bedtime. It relieves irritation of the mucous membrane well.
Chicory	Herb (1 tbsp. l.) pour boiling water (1 l), leave for 30 minutes and strain.	The resulting broth must be taken orally, 100 ml every half hour.
Geranium	Pour the leaves of the plant (30 g) with hot water (1 l), stand for 30-40 minutes and strain.	The medicine must be taken orally, 100 ml every 30 minutes.

During a strong coughing fit, it is recommended to consume aloe juice with the addition of natural honey. Yarrow juice also allows you to stabilize a person's condition, you need to use it in 10 ml every 30 minutes.

There are emergency conditions when surgical treatment is required (tumor, abscess, cyst). Malignant processes are treated with chemotherapy and radiation.

In such a dangerous condition as sputum with blood, the patient needs medical attention. It is important to establish an accurate diagnosis and begin treatment. Serious pathologies during expectoration are also accompanied by accompanying symptoms. Without therapy, a person will face complications, up to and including death.

Video about hemoptysis

Malysheva about 3 reasons for hemoptysis: