Miscellaneous

Wide nose bridge in a child. What is it, reasons

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Content

  1. Stigmas of dysembryogenesis
  2. What leads to development?
  3. Pathogenesis
  4. Classification
  5. Forms of aligophrenia
  6. Down's disease
  7. Features of the development of the deviation
  8. Aarsky syndrome
  9. Aper's syndrome
  10. Dubovitsa syndrome
  11. Goldenhar syndrome
  12. Congenital defects in the development of the face
  13. Diagnostics
  14. Video about diseases of newborns

If parents note that a child has a wider nose bridge than his peers, then this may indicate a variety of problems. Do not panic right away, as the changes may not be so serious and over time the shape of the face will change slightly. But it is imperative to carry out diagnostics and consult with a specialist, as this may be the first manifestation of serious deviations in the development of the child.

Pathologies include abnormal development of the skull, changes in the facial bones or jaw. Deformation of the face, skeleton, ears can also be observed.

A defect can be detected during a standard physical examination, but in addition, a more serious examination using X-rays and other equipment will be required. With the development of such deviations, surgical-type correction may be required.

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But, as a rule, it is assigned only if the stigma negatively affects the functioning of the child's internal organs. Also, surgery can be prescribed if the stigma of dysembryogenesis is a cosmetic defect that affects the daily life of the child.

Single anomalies of this type are present in 15% of children. Usually they are not able to affect the development of the child and over time such defects become completely invisible. Experts associate some of them with race. For example, a wider bridge of the nose is often seen in African Americans, and the epicant (a different location of the skin fold of the upper eyelid) is the norm for Asians. However, if the doctor diagnoses more than 5 or 7 stigmas, then in this case we are talking about a pronounced genetic syndrome.

What leads to development?

A wide nose bridge in a child sometimes refers to anomalies or developmental defects. Depending on exactly how long the developmental deviation occurs, mutagenic potential may appear, that is, when the defect manifests itself in the genetic material.

Also, changes can occur against the background of teratogenic effects, that is, damage to the forming organ systems occurs. The external environment, as well as the state of the mother's body, can have a great influence. Defects can appear against the background of ionizing radiation, taking medication during pregnancy. The most dangerous are hormones, anticonvulsants and anticoagulants.

Stigmas can also develop with alcohol or nicotine addiction, in case of complications of gestation, or against the background of a deficiency of certain trace elements. Accordingly, stigma occurs for the same reasons as most serious malformations. Sometimes the changes are less intense, but sometimes they are visible almost immediately after the birth of the child.

Pathogenesis

In early pregnancy, there is a risk of pressure abnormalities or cell proliferation. In the course of subsequent pregnancy, damaging factors can lead to the fact that serious changes in tissues and organs will occur. As a result, dysgenesis of the skeletal system of internal organs and skin develops. Therefore, it all depends on what period of pregnancy there was a negative effect on the embryo.

In addition, there is statistical evidence that some anatomical structures during the growth of the embryo are formed at the same time, and in addition to this, micro-anomalies are added. This means that if a child has defects in the visual organs, finger shells and other parts of the body, then this can also be combined with congenital abnormalities of the kidneys and other organs.

Classification

There are 3 categories of stigma.

Type of stigma

Description

Measuring These are anomalies that represent absolute or relative changes. This means that the limbs can be shortened or, conversely, lengthened, and some parts of the body can be enlarged or reduced.
Descriptive Anomalies of this type cannot be measured. Instead, doctors evaluate them qualitatively and comparatively. That is, we are talking about concepts such as a triangular face or a funnel-shaped chest.
Alternative These are anomalies that cannot be distinguished qualitatively or quantitatively. Doctors evaluate them solely by their presence or absence. This category includes various defects of the nose, fingers, ears, folds of the skin.

Forms of aligophrenia

A wide nose bridge in a child may be the first symptom of a deviation in the child's mental and physical development. If changes occur in the structures of various body systems, this can cause several pathologies that are found in medical practice.

Down's disease

A fairly rare disease (although statistics have been growing in recent decades), which occurs in 1 out of 700 newborns. With this diagnosis, 75% of children eventually develop imbecility, 20% are diagnosed with idiocy, and 5% of the disease passes into the stage of (last) debility.

The disease is characterized by the genetic defect of trisomy 21. It may have a mosaic character. That is, when only part of the cells of the child's body are completely normal. Sometimes chromosome 21 connects to another (usually with the 15th), which is called autosomal.Wide nose bridge in a child. What is it, reasons

This disease is diagnosed in 10% of cases with suspected mental retardation. If a mother was diagnosed with such a diagnosis, then in this case the risk that she will give birth to a child with similar problems increases by 7 times. The risk group also includes children who appeared due to early childbirth.

To diagnose the condition, amniocentesis is performed between the 14th and 16th weeks of pregnancy. After that, the doctor must study the cellular composition of the amniotic fluid. If already at this point it becomes obvious that the child will have serious problems with mental development, the doctor may recommend termination of the pregnancy.

Although many children with such a deviation live a good life and even make a successful career. Therefore, today, termination of pregnancy with such a diagnosis is extremely rare.

Features of the development of the deviation

At first, it seems that the baby has no mental development problems after birth. But gradually, parents begin to notice some signs of delay. Children with Down syndrome tend to be very calm, good-natured and sociable.

They are able to become attached to people and animals, which makes it possible to adapt them well to living conditions. Emotional disorders are observed mainly in adolescence and in those children who live in boarding schools. In some cases, there may be psychological episodes when the child's deception is disturbed and overexcitement appears.

It is extremely difficult to diagnose Down syndrome in newborns. After the birth of a child, general hypotension, an overabundance of skin on the neck, as well as a fairly small flattened skull can be considered an alarming symptom. Also, in such children, as they grow older, the cheekbones become higher, the limbs are slightly wider than in others and children, and only one transverse fold is formed on the palm. The toes are rather short, sometimes buried inward.

For diagnosis, the doctor may conduct a test for the Moro reflex. If it is absent, then this is a sign of the development of a deviation. If the child is developing normally, then when patting on the stomach, buttocks or chest, he removes his arms and stretches them along the axis of the body. Moreover, they should be located perpendicular to the body.Wide nose bridge in a child. What is it, reasons

It is noteworthy that with Down syndrome, children can also develop up to 100 different stigmas. But as a rule, this situation is rare in one patient. However, some additional defects are almost always present. For example, defects in the structure of some internal organs are most often found, children suffer from endocrine disorders, underdevelopment of the gonads or secondary sexual characteristics. Also, the doctor may detect a weakening of convergence and strabismus.

10% of children diagnosed with Down syndrome have seizures. Puberty in this case occurs quite late. The average life of a patient with such a diagnosis is no more than 40 years, and the aging process, as a rule, unfolds by analogy with Alzheimer's disease.

This disease manifests itself in the form of an atypical structure of the face, therefore, Down syndrome is often called Mongoloid idiocy today. The fact is that with the development of this deviation, the eye section becomes more oblique and the visual organs themselves are located quite close. At the same time, the bridge of the nose is much wider than that of other children and is less pronounced. The child's mouth is constantly slightly open, ears may develop incorrectly.

To date, there is no officially confirmed treatment for this disease. But some argue that it is possible to noticeably improve the condition of the child thanks to some physiotherapy measures and special exercises to develop mental abilities.

Aarsky syndrome

A child can have a wide bridge of the nose with a variety of deviations. The main manifestation of Aarsky's syndrome is hypertelorism, that is, when there is too much distance between the paired organs. For example, this can be observed during the formation of eyes, nostrils. Also, in children with a similar syndrome, a wide bridge of the nose develops, and the nostrils unfold forward.Wide nose bridge in a child. What is it, reasons

Additional manifestations include slightly shortened arms and legs, webbing between the fingers, rather small stature. Children are diagnosed with a low degree of mental retardation.

Aper's syndrome

With the development of a deviation in a child, a tower-type skull with a stronger compaction in the occiput and an overhanging frontal lobe is observed. Additional signs include severe deformation of the facial part, for example, a moon-shaped face, anomalies of the auricles, hypertelorism. The bridge of the nose also changes and takes on a saddle-like appearance.

Sometimes there is also a non-closure of the hard and soft palate and a general underdevelopment of the lower jaw. In some children, several fingers on the limbs may grow together and have a common nail. Also, doctors diagnose atrophy of the optic nerves, which is why the child has very serious vision problems.

Associated problems include an abnormal and defective structure of some internal organs, mental retardation, which can reach the stage of idiocy. At the same time, a psychoorganic syndrome begins to develop, the child becomes too hot-tempered, impulsive and aggressive. Impairment of intelligence does not always occur.

Dubovitsa syndrome

This pathology is characterized by very small stature, small face, lateral displacement of the lower corner of the eye. The nasal bridge in this case is also wide enough. Additional symptoms include thinning hair, eczema, and mental retardation, which can be minor or idiocy.

Goldenhar syndrome

This is a very rare anomaly of the congenital type, with the development of which there is a change in the shape of the facial structures. A characteristic feature of the syndrome is that the defect usually appears on only one side of the face, which leads to very noticeable asymmetry. There is also a bilateral lesion.

This syndrome is included in the list of congenital anomalies of the skull and means that some structure of the body begins to decrease, but only within the skull and face. It is much more common in boys than in girls.Wide nose bridge in a child. What is it, reasons

The exact reasons for the deviation have not yet been identified, since such a condition is recorded 1 time per 3,500-20,000 newborns. According to statistics, the syndrome develops mainly in families where there were no abnormalities or deformities, and the parents' medical history is not burdened by serious health problems.

Only 2% of patients with this syndrome have relatives with similar disorders. Accordingly, there is a small chance that the pathology is transmitted at the genetic level. But doctors are more inclined to believe that Goldenhar syndrome appears due to chromosomal abnormalities. That is, when there is a doubling or, conversely, the loss of a certain part of the chromosome.

In children with such disorders, other malformations are additionally found. For example, they suffer from abnormalities of the heart, kidneys, limbs and more. Other experts are inclined to believe that blood flow is also disturbed against the background of the syndrome or external damaging factors appear. It is believed that the syndrome can develop if a woman during pregnancy takes drugs that are strictly prohibited during this period, smokes or drinks alcohol.

There is also the possibility of developing abnormalities if the fetus is exposed to physical or chemical agents (especially if this occurs from the 3rd to the 8th week). With the development of a defect in children, various facial abnormalities are observed, including modifications to the bridge of the nose and other parts of the face.

Congenital defects in the development of the face

A wide bridge of the nose in a child can form against the background of complications during pregnancy. The problem is that facial defects, even with modern facial surgery, cannot be eliminated immediately, since this area is located close to other vital organs. In the case of surgery, there is always a risk of impairment of vision, hearing, smell, or even speech.

The reasons for such defects include improper intrauterine development of the child. It is believed that such problems can appear without any prerequisites. For example, if a woman does not drink alcohol, does not smoke during pregnancy and carefully follows all the recommendations of an obstetrician-gynecologist.

There are a number of factors that can increase the risk of deformities in the baby's nose, ears, and other parts of the body:

  • Heredity. Even if the parents appear perfectly healthy and there are no major problems in their medical history, then they can always be carriers of some gene mutations that do not appear in them, but will be visible in children. As a rule, this happens in 7% of cases.
  • Spontaneous mutation. We are talking about a violation of the very process of fertilization. Scientists cannot yet accurately describe this anomaly and list the factors that lead to it.
  • Torch infections in the process of carrying a child. We are talking about diseases such as herpes, toxoplasmosis, rubella and some infections. Even the influenza virus can adversely affect the development of the fetus. It all depends on the specific stage of development of the embryo.
  • The mother is over 35 years old. It is believed that during this period, the woman's reproductive system gradually begins to fade away, and the eggs develop defective. There is no exact confirmation of this theory, but this is a fairly widespread version.Wide nose bridge in a child. What is it, reasons
  • Associated diseases. This is possible if, during pregnancy, a woman suffered from pathology of the lungs or heart, or her metabolism was impaired. If the development of the embryo fell on the most unfavorable period, then gestation may be impaired from this.
  • External factors. Anomalies and defects can develop if the child's parents live in an environmentally unfriendly place or work with hazardous chemicals. There are dangerous compounds that can cause deformities. Such substances are removed from the body for a very long time, and there is a risk of developing a defect in a child. The most dangerous are formaldehydes, arsenic, benzene.
  • Taking drugs that have a negative effect on the embryo. These means include some sedatives, sleeping pills.

It is important to take into account that during pregnancy there are so-called dangerous weeks when certain organs of the embryo are laid. Palatine structures are already formed by 10-11 weeks. If during this period there is an adverse effect on the unborn child, then this can provoke the formation of congenital defects, including maxillofacial anomalies.

But it should be borne in mind that a wide septum or bridge of the nose may not be such a serious problem. If the child does not show any additional symptoms of mental or other abnormalities, then it may all depend on his age. If the deformities of the nose seem very noticeable to the parent in infancy, this does not mean that they will persist when the child grows up. In such a situation, when there are no other symptoms, it is enough to wait a while.

Diagnostics

A wide nose bridge in a child can form against the background of various pathologies. To diagnose a specific abnormality, first of all, it is necessary to visit a pediatrician and pediatric dentist. It is also worth getting a referral to a surgeon, orthopedic traumatologist. Additionally, you may need to consult a neurologist and other specialists.

Wide nose bridge in a child. What is it, reasons
Wide nose bridge in a child

During the diagnosis, several standard measures are performed:

  • Radiography. To study how serious the defect is, it is necessary to perform an X-ray of the facial skeleton, as well as the skull of the child. This will enable the physician to assess structural and functional abnormalities.
  • Tomography. This is another standard procedure that detects severe and skeletal abnormalities. CT is considered the most informative. If the doctor assumes that the problem lies in the development of a disease of soft tissues or internal organs, then for this it is better to undergo an MRI.
  • Laboratory diagnostics. As a rule, it is required to perform molecular genetic studies, as well as karyotyping. Such a diagnosis allows you to identify multiple abnormalities that can be caused by chromosomal or genetic diseases.

Thus, a wide bridge of the nose can develop in a child as an abnormal deformity that does not entail consequences. But it can also be just one of many deviations or a sign of mental or physical retardation. To accurately establish the causes of deformation, it is necessary to undergo a comprehensive examination.

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