Obstruction of the stomach. Symptoms in adults, treatment, causes

Stomach obstruction is a disease characterized by a violation of the movement of food and fluid throughout the digestive tract. Stagnant processes develop, blood circulation is disturbed, the walls of the organ are stretched. Symptoms of intoxication appear.

Pathological processes in adults are complicated by other diseases of a gastroenterological nature. It is important to go to the hospital in a timely manner, undergo examination and treatment. Otherwise, the likelihood of serious complications increases.

Views

In medicine, given the provoking factors against which gastric obstruction appears, there are certain types of disease. Each form of pathology is accompanied by characteristic symptoms and requires urgent medical attention. Without therapy, gastric obstruction provokes life-threatening consequences.

Acute form

The disease often appears against the background of the formation of a benign or malignant tumor in the stomach. It blocks the lumen to the intestine, thereby interfering with the movement of feces. In this situation, treatment involves urgent surgical treatment.

Sometimes acute intestinal obstruction occurs as a result of volvulus. A person has strong and acute painful sensations, cramps in the abdomen, and the abdominal cavity swells up sharply. In this case, the chair is absent for a long time.

Chronic gastric obstruction

The disease is characterized by partial blockage of the intestinal lumen, when it is not necessary to carry out surgery.

In most cases, chronic gastric obstruction is accompanied by prolonged and intermittent constipation.

Stages and degrees

Pathological processes in the gastrointestinal tract develop gradually. At each stage of the obstruction, certain degenerative changes occur that cause characteristic symptoms. With any violations, it is important to immediately consult a gastroenterologist.

Obstruction of the stomach (symptoms in adults will help a specialist to prescribe the most informative examination for an accurate diagnosis) differs in the following stages:

Name	Description
Reactive	The first stage of the pathological disease, which lasts 10-16 hours. The patient complains of cramping painful sensations in the abdomen. At first, they appear in seizures, periodically, then they are constantly present. In some situations, severe pain syndrome provokes shock in a person.
Intoxication	At this stage, the abdomen takes on an irregular shape, swells up due to stopping the contraction of the intestines. The first indicative symptoms of the toxic phase appear in the patient after 12-36 hours. Pathological processes are accompanied by severe vomiting, which cannot be stopped. The patient is nauseous all the time, he refuses to eat. The intestines and stomach are full of food. Against the background of severe vomiting, dehydration occurs. There is a deficiency of electrolytes, enzymes, minerals. The mucous membrane in the oral cavity dries up. A person is worried about strong thirst, heartburn occurs, there is no stool and gas.
Thermal	The last stage of gastric obstruction, when pathological processes spread to all organs. Breathing quickens, body temperature rises to critical levels, there is no urination. The thermal stage is also accompanied by low blood pressure, rapid, but weak pulse. Vomiting with an unpleasant odor occurs periodically. There remains a high probability of blood poisoning.

The existing complaints of a person are a serious reason to go urgently to the hospital and undergo an examination, after which he will be prescribed treatment. Signs of pathological processes cannot be ignored, they can lead to serious consequences.

Symptoms and Signs

The clinical picture of gastric obstruction depends on numerous factors, including the provoking cause, concomitant diseases in humans, as well as the individual characteristics of the organism.

Pathological processes are accompanied by the following symptoms:

• belching with an unpleasant odor, which is provoked by stagnant and decaying food in the stomach;
• nausea and vomiting, which does not bring relief, also contains blood or mucous impurities;
• pain in the abdomen;
• constant discomfort;
• there is a feeling of a full stomach, even after eating a small amount of food;
• body weight decreases sharply;
• a person is periodically disturbed by abdominal cramps;
• stool is disturbed;
• there is increased gas formation;
• periodically and sharply tense the anterior abdominal wall;
• feces contain blood.

Gastric obstruction in adults is also accompanied by general symptoms of intoxication. We are talking about weakness in the body, fatigue, drowsiness, high fever and chills.

As the pathological processes progress, after a while, the sphincter of the anus relaxes. Impaired blood circulation creates high pressure in the vessels, as a result of which their integrity can be violated. The risk of bleeding increases.

Causes

Stomach obstruction occurs against the background of various provoking factors:

Name	Description
Internal reasons	benign or malignant tumors in the digestive tract; inflammatory or infectious diseases of the stomach; peptic ulcer; coprostasis; atresia of the esophagus; intestinal tuberculosis; formed adhesions; the appearance of diverticula; impaired blood circulation in the esophagus; the occurrence of fistulas; infringement of blood vessels with the appearance of a hernia.
External factors	improper nutrition; bad habits (abuse of alcoholic beverages, tobacco products and drugs); ingestion of a foreign body into the digestive tract and blockage of the pylorus opening; swallowing large pieces of food; the use of low-quality products.

The gastroenterologist will help to determine the main cause of the pathological condition by prescribing a comprehensive examination for the patient. It is important to go to the hospital immediately when the first signs of gastric obstruction appear.

Diagnostics

A person must be examined to determine the provoking factor, against the background of which a problem in the stomach has appeared. It is impossible to establish a diagnosis and choose a treatment regimen on your own, you can only aggravate the state of health. The results of the examination are also necessary for a specialist in order to choose the most effective and safe therapy.

To diagnose gastric obstruction, a person is prescribed the following diagnostic measures:

Name	Description
Fibrogastroscopy	A diagnostic method that uses a contrast agent. The specialist examines the structures of the stomach and identifies pathological foci.
X-ray	The examination will help establish the degree and stage of development of gastric obstruction, identify a foreign object that interferes with the normal movement of food.
Biopsy	During the course of fibrogastroscopy, the doctor takes abnormal tissues to examine them in the laboratory. Diagnostics will confirm or deny the development of malignant processes.
Ultrasound examination (ultrasound)	A diagnostic method that does not always provide useful information, since the intestines and stomach are full of air. In some situations, ultrasound can help detect infiltrates or neoplasms.

It is important to differentiate gastric obstruction, since many diseases are accompanied by similar clinical symptoms. Given the patient's condition and the results of the examination, a person may need to consult other specialized doctors (therapist, oncologist).

Treatment methods

Obstruction of the stomach (symptoms in adults will help the gastroenterologist to determine the area of ​​localization of the pathological focus) is recommended treat with complex methods, taking into account the patient's complaints, the results of the examination and the individual characteristics of the human organism.

Patients are prescribed drugs, it is recommended to adhere to a special diet. If there are no medical contraindications, you can use folk remedies. In emergency situations, surgery is performed.

Drug therapy

The gastroenterologist for gastric obstruction selects medications for the patient, taking into account the research results.

Stomach obstruction is treated with the following remedies:

Drug group	Name	Application
Broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs	Zinnat, Cefix	Medicines slow down the process of reproduction of pathogenic microflora. The dosage of the drug depends on the condition of the person and is 40-250 mg 2 times a day. The tablets should be taken after meals for a week.
Antispasmodics	No-Shpa, Atropine	The drugs relieve pain syndrome, eliminate spasms. The medicine should be taken orally 1-2 tablets 3 times a day.
Medicines to eliminate intoxication	Refortan, Polyglyukin	The drugs eliminate the symptoms of intoxication of the body and restore the water-salt balance. The medicine is administered intravenously through a dropper. Adults are prescribed 33 ml / kg per day. The course of therapy lasts 5-10 days. In difficult situations, therapy is carried out for 3-6 weeks.
Enzymes	Mezim, Festal	The drugs stimulate gastric and intestinal motility. The medicine is recommended to take 1-3 pills 1 time a day before meals.
Prokinetics	Cerucal, Domperidon	The medicine is recommended to be taken at 10 mg 3-4 times a day. The course of treatment lasts 1-2 months.

Additionally, patients need to take vitamin complexes to support the functioning of the immune system. It is important to adhere strictly to the prescriptions, as medications can provoke the appearance of side effects.

Folk remedies

Prescriptions of healers and healers can be used at home if there are no medical contraindications. If the patient is shown surgical treatment, folk remedies will not help eliminate the obstruction of the stomach. The prescriptions used should be discussed with a gastroenterologist, there is always a risk of an allergic reaction or individual sensitivity.

Effective folk remedies:

Name	Recipe	Application
Sea buckthorn	Wash the berries of the plant (1 kg) well, chop and squeeze the juice.	The resulting nectar is recommended to be drunk every morning before meals for 30 minutes, 100 ml each. Sea buckthorn has anti-inflammatory and mild laxative effects.
Dried fruits	Mix in 10 tbsp. raisins, figs, prunes and dried apricots. Rinse all components well, fill with hot water and leave overnight. Grind dried fruits in the morning with a meat grinder. Add 50 g of natural honey to them. Mix everything well.	The resulting mass is recommended to be consumed inside 1 tbsp. on an empty stomach every day.
Blackberry	Pour the leaves of the plant (1 tablespoon) with boiling water (1 tablespoon) and leave for 4 hours. Strain and take the medicine by mouth.	A decoction of blackberry leaves has a laxative effect. It is recommended to use the medicine according to ¼ st. before meals 3-4 times throughout the day.

To restore the work of the gastrointestinal tract and eliminate periodic constipation, a simple broth prepared on the basis of flax seeds will help. They are poured with hot water, insisted overnight and taken in the morning. The broth not only has a laxative effect, but also reduces the development of the inflammatory process.

Diet

Stomach obstruction (symptoms in adults appear and worsen as they progress pathological processes) in complex therapy requires the patient to comply with a specially selected diet. A dietitian doctor will help you compose the menu. It is necessary to exclude from the diet all foods that can aggravate a person's condition or negatively affect the functioning of the stomach.

Featured Products	Prohibited foods
vegetables and fruits low-fat broth vegetable broth rye bread and bran vegetable oil oatmeal prunes and beets slimy decoctions of flaxseeds, oats and starch dried fruits plum broth	fried, fatty, smoked and salty foods spices, seasonings pickled foods alcoholic drinks sweet soda sweets, chocolate products fresh baked goods, butter products legumes fatty meat and fish dairy and sour milk products

Eat small meals throughout the day. Eat food warm, preferably grind. It is also important to follow the drinking regime. Patients are additionally recommended to take vitamin complexes and mineral supplements.

Physical exercise

Therapeutic exercises for stomach obstruction will help improve the functioning of the digestive organs and enhance peristalsis. It is recommended to do classes every day for 30 minutes.

A physiotherapist will help you choose a set of exercises:

1. In the supine position, while exhaling, pull one knee to the head. Stay in this position for a few seconds. Then return to the starting position. Repeat the exercise with the other leg. It is recommended to repeat the movement 20 times, change legs.
2. Lying on a flat surface, pull both lower limbs to the chin, hold for a few seconds and return to the starting position. Repeat the exercise 10 times.
3. Lying on your back, bend one leg in the knee area and try to touch the floor through the other leg. In this case, do not tear your back and shoulders off the floor. The exercise is recommended to be repeated 10 times with each leg.

Correctly performed gymnastics in the morning or before going to bed for a certain period of time will help to cope with numerous disorders in the work of the digestive tract.

Operation

Obstruction of the stomach (symptoms in adults require a complete examination) in difficult situations, when the patient has complications, is treated surgically. The same goes for the lack of a positive result after using medications.

The doctor selects the method of surgical treatment based on the condition of the person and the reason, which provoked the obstruction of the stomach:

• resection of the stomach;
• pyloroplasty;
• vagotomy;
• gastroduodenostomy.

After the operation, patients are prescribed medications that will help prevent the development of the inflammatory process and the appearance of complications.

Possible consequences and complications

In the absence of timely and correctly selected treatment, gastric obstruction provokes serious consequences, which are more difficult to cope with. Progressive pathological processes cause severe vomiting and dehydration. Material exchange is disturbed, atony occurs, constipation is disturbing. Against the background of complications, a general depletion of the body occurs.

Any degenerative changes can be dangerous to human health, up to and including death. This is the patient's shock state, paralytic obstruction, destruction of beneficial microflora in the stomach and intestines. Therefore, it is important to go to the hospital in a timely manner and start treatment.

Obstruction of the stomach is often found in people who do not eat properly or who independently carry out therapy for pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract. Symptoms in adults depend on the degree of damage to the digestive system. To avoid serious complications, you must seek qualified help from the hospital.

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