Miscellaneous

Scoliosis in school-age children. Causes, treatment

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Content

  1. Causes of scoliosis in school children
  2. Types of scoliosis in children
  3. C-shaped scoliosis
  4. S-shaped scoliosis
  5. Z-shaped scoliosis
  6. Scoliosis grade
  7. 1st degree
  8. 2nd degree
  9. Grade 3
  10. 4 degree
  11. Symptoms
  12. Possible consequences
  13. Diagnostics
  14. Scoliosis treatment
  15. Exercise therapy
  16. Forward bends with a bend
  17. Boat
  18. Side turns
  19. Manual therapy and massage
  20. Scoliosis treatment with acupuncture
  21. Scoliosis treatment with massage
  22. Physiotherapy
  23. Wearing an orthopedic corset
  24. Kinesio taping
  25. Respiratory gymnastics
  26. Deep breathing
  27. Compression of the blades
  28. Rapid breathing 4-8-8
  29. Scoliosis video

Scoliosis is a curvature of the spine with its shift to the right or left. This disease of the musculoskeletal system most often occurs in school-age children. The disease is manifested by impaired posture, as well as changes in the child's gait. Scoliosis is consistently diagnosed in 5-10% of children aged 5 to 12 years. According to medical statistics, girls suffer from this disease 9 times more often than boys.

Causes of scoliosis in school children

Scoliosis in schoolchildren can have congenital and acquired causes.

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Depending on the age of the child, his living conditions and the quality of nutrition, the following factors are distinguished that provoke the development of this disease:

  • complications and negative consequences of birth trauma;
  • damage to the body by the polio virus;
  • Cerebral palsy of central genesis;
  • severe metabolic disorders that caused structural changes in the bone tissue of the skeleton;
  • an infectious lesion of the spine (for example, infection of the vertebrae with mycobacterium tuberculosis);
  • dystrophy of the muscles of the chest;
  • carrying a backpack that is too heavy;
  • being in the wrong posture for a long time while writing at a table or reading a book;
  • increased pressure on the upper spine (for example, carrying too heavy objects).Scoliosis in school-age children. Causes and treatment

The development of scoliosis in children is facilitated by the habits of stooping while walking and sitting at a desk. Curvature of the spine can have an inborn etiology if such a disease is transmitted along with genetic information on the maternal or paternal side.

Types of scoliosis in children

Scoliosis in school-age children is divided into 3 main types. The classification of this disease depends on the severity of the destructive changes in the spinal column.

C-shaped scoliosis

This type of pathology is characterized by curvature of the spine only to the right or left side. According to the results of a comprehensive examination of the patient, it is established that his spinal column is deformed in the shape of the letter "C". C-type scoliosis can have a different angle of inclination. This type of disease is most often diagnosed in schoolchildren who slouch, or fall to one side while at a desk.

S-shaped scoliosis

Deformity of the spine according to the type of the Latin letter "S" is considered a more complicated form of the pathological condition of the musculoskeletal system. In this case, the patient has a right-sided and left-sided curvature of the spine at the same time. S-shaped deformity of the spinal column provokes severe changes in the functional state of the kidneys, heart muscle, lungs.Scoliosis in school-age children. Causes and treatment

In most cases, this type of pathology is congenital in origin or develops as a result of a previous severe injury, dystrophic changes in the muscular apparatus. Treatment of S-shaped scoliosis requires significant material costs, is long and painful.

Z-shaped scoliosis

The presence of Z-shaped scoliosis is accompanied by severe deformity of the spinal column, as a result of which 3 curvature arcs are formed simultaneously. The danger of this pathology lies in the disruption of the entire musculoskeletal system.

A child with this type of scoliosis suffers from shortness of breath, cardiovascular disease, and indigestion. All these painful conditions of the body are the result of compression of the chest and abdominal cavity, which arose due to severe deformity of the spine.

Scoliosis grade

Scoliosis in school-age children is classified into 4 degrees of severity, which are determined by the results of a comprehensive examination of the child's musculoskeletal system.

1st degree

Scoliosis of 1 severity is considered the initial stage of the development of this disease. In children with this pathology, a deformation of the spinal column is found by no more than 10 degrees. In the process of visual examination of the patient's back, a slight asymmetry of the shoulder blades is noticeable.

The shoulders of the child are located at different heights, and during the gait, the first signs of stoop are found. Scoliosis of the 1st degree responds well to treatment with the help of exercise therapy and physiotherapy procedures. Spinal deformity of this degree of severity occurs in school-age children who grow up quickly, mature, but do not monitor their posture.

2nd degree

Curvature of the spinal column of the 2nd degree of severity is a more severe pathology of the musculoskeletal system. In the presence of this disease, the deformity of the spine reaches from 10 to 25 degrees. Individual vertebrae, on which an increased load is created, twist around their axis. The formation of 2 arcs of curvature at once is possible.

Scoliosis in school-age children. Causes and treatment

For scoliosis of 2 severity, the following symptoms are characteristic:

  • in the zone of greatest curvature, a roller is formed, consisting of muscle tissue;
  • there is an asymmetry of the shoulder blades (these elements of the musculoskeletal system are at different heights);
  • characteristic folds appear on the upper part of the child's buttocks;
  • the vertebrae of the curved spine protrude forward;
  • one hip joint is higher than the second, and the thighs themselves are not on the same line.

A child with grade 2 scoliosis needs long-term treatment with orthopedic corset, regular exercise of exercise therapy, taking a course physiotherapy procedures.

Grade 3

Right-sided or left-sided deformity of the spine of the 3rd degree of severity is an advanced stage of scoliosis. At this stage of the development of pathology, the child's spinal column acquires severe, in some cases irreversible changes.

A visual examination of the patient reveals the following symptoms:

  • one shoulder is much higher than the neighboring one, and during walking this defect becomes even more noticeable;
  • there is a skew of the pelvic bones;
  • one lower limb is shorter than the other;
  • the vertebrae of almost the entire spinal column acquire a pronounced wedge-shaped shape;
  • in the zone of greatest curvature, a characteristic hump is formed, which is determined visually.
Scoliosis in school-age children. Causes and treatment
Scoliosis in school children

A child with grade 3 scoliosis has lameness, which occurs due to the displacement of the axis of the pelvic bones, as well as shortening of one of the lower extremities. Displacement and squeezing of internal organs leads to the occurrence of concomitant diseases of the body.

Children with this diagnosis complain of recurrent attacks of severe headache, problems with urination, and various disorders of the digestive system. To restore the full functions of the musculoskeletal system, the patient needs complex treatment, including surgery.

4 degree

Scoliosis in schoolchildren of grade 4 is the most severe pathology of the musculoskeletal system. In the presence of this disease, the skeleton of the child suffers from total deformation.

According to the results of a comprehensive examination, the patient has the following symptoms:

  • in the region of the ribs on the right or left side, a volumetric hump is formed, which is located on the front and back sides of the chest;
  • impaired functions of the liver, bronchopulmonary tissue and cardiovascular system;
  • severe pain in the neck, hip joints, thoracic and lumbar spine requires regular administration of analgesic drugs;
  • the child periodically grows numb in the upper and lower extremities (this symptom is accompanied by vascular disorders).

Children with grade 4 scoliosis are more prone to colds. This is due to the fact that they have a weaker immune system, reduced performance of most internal organs. A child with this pathology of the musculoskeletal system suffers from unstable blood pressure and tachycardia.

Symptoms

Scoliosis in school-age children develops gradually as the child grows up.Scoliosis in school-age children. Causes and treatment

Depending on the stage of the pathological process, deformational changes in the spinal column are manifested by the following symptoms:

  • the shoulder blades and hip joints are not on the same continuous line;
  • initial or already more pronounced stoop;
  • isolation of the vertebrae directly in the zone of greatest curvature;
  • misalignment of the pelvic bones (the severity of the manifestation of this sign of scoliosis depends on the stage of the pathological process);
  • lameness in one leg;
  • headache attacks and unstable blood pressure;
  • feeling of sharp or aching pain in the lumbar, thoracic, cervical spine;
  • dyspnea;
  • feeling of compression of the lungs;
  • tachycardia, as well as other heart rhythm disturbances;
  • deformation of the ribs of the chest with the formation of a hump;
  • a change in the shape of the vertebrae, which acquire a wedge-shaped shape;
  • one shoulder is higher than the second;
  • stoop, the severity of which depends on the severity of the curvature of the spine.

The above symptoms of scoliosis appear gradually as the deformity of the spine progresses. In the advanced stages of the disease, the signs of skeletal curvature become even more pronounced.

Possible consequences

Advanced forms of scoliosis can lead to the development of the following negative consequences for children's health:

  • attacks of chronic pain in the area of ​​curved vertebrae;
  • pinching of peripheral nerves;
  • violation of gait and problems with coordination of movements;
  • tachycardia;
  • vegetative dystonia;
  • bronchial spasms, which are caused by the skewed ribs of the chest, as well as compression of the lungs.Scoliosis in school-age children. Causes and treatment

Children with complications of scoliosis have psychological problems, an inferiority complex is formed, and the level of self-esteem goes down. These consequences are provoked by negative changes in appearance.

Diagnostics

Scoliosis in school-aged children is determined by a pediatrician, pediatric orthopedist, or surgeon. The examination begins with a preliminary examination of the patient's back. Then the doctor prescribes a hardware examination of the spine for the child. The table below lists the main diagnostic methods that are used to detect scoliosis.

Diagnostic method The essence of the survey and the average cost
MRI With the help of magnetic resonance imaging, the doctor scans the structure of the child's spine, and also determines the angle of its inclination. Normally, the spinal column in children should not show signs of deformational changes. The average cost of an MRI of the spine is 4500 rubles.
Computer optical topography Computed optical topography is necessary for the timely detection of signs of scoliosis and imbalances in the pelvic bones. The results of the examination of the musculoskeletal system are recorded on an electronic carrier, and are also transmitted in real time to a computer monitor. The average cost of this diagnostic is 1900 rubles.
X-ray Radiography allows you to determine scoliosis of any part of the spine. This examination method is used in medical institutions where there is no modern computer equipment. The price of X-ray of the spine is 1500 rubles.Scoliosis in school-age children. Causes and treatment
Myelography Myelography is indicated for children with severe deformity changes in the spine. With this method of examination, magnetic resonance imaging is performed with a simultaneous examination of the spinal canal. The average cost of myelography is 4800 rubles.

Based on the results of a comprehensive examination of the spine, the child is given a final diagnosis with the definition of the type of scoliosis and the severity of the pathological process. An effective therapy regimen is drawn up depending on the content of the diagnostic report.

Scoliosis treatment

The treatment regimen for curvature of the spine depends on its type, stage and severity of the pathological process. The method of treatment is selected by a pediatric surgeon, orthopedist or pediatrician.

Exercise therapy

Regular exercise of physiotherapy exercises can prevent further progression scoliosis, restore the anatomically correct direction of the spinal column, as well as improve the local circulation.

Forward bends with a bend

To perform this exercise, exercise therapy must observe the following rules:

  1. Place your feet shoulder-width apart.
  2. Close your hands in the lock, and then take them by the back of the head.
  3. At the expense of "times" to do forward bends with simultaneous back bending.
  4. On the count of "two" raise the body back.Scoliosis in school-age children. Causes and treatment

This exercise is useful for scoliosis in any part of the spine. This workout is carried out daily for 15 repetitions in 3 sets.

Boat

Performing the boat exercise requires adherence to the following algorithm of actions:

  1. Lie on your stomach.
  2. Stretch your arms forward along the head.
  3. Spread your legs to the sides.
  4. At the expense of "times", synchronously raise the upper and lower extremities, flexing the back as much as possible.
  5. On the count of "two" to relax the musculature of the musculoskeletal system.

This exercise is performed for 20 repetitions in 4 sets. Workouts can be done daily.

Side turns

To perform this exercise, exercise therapy will require a gymnastic stick.

Spine alignment with this workout is done as follows:

  1. Pick up a gymnastic stick.
  2. Place the sports equipment behind your back at the level of your shoulder blades.
  3. Keep your back as straight as possible.
  4. Turn the body alternately to the right and left sides.Scoliosis in school-age children. Causes and treatment

The duration of this workout is from 15 to 25 minutes. This exercise is recommended for exercise therapy daily in the morning as a charge.

Manual therapy and massage

For the treatment of scoliosis of 1 and 2 degrees, the method of manual therapy in the form of acupuncture and massage is used.

Scoliosis treatment with acupuncture

The principle of this method of manual therapy is acupuncture. The doctor, in the conditions of complete sterility of the manipulation room, acts on the biologically active points of the patient. The goal of treatment is to enhance local blood circulation, remove pain symptoms, and restore normal functioning of peripheral nerves in the spinal column.

Scoliosis treatment with massage

Scoliosis therapy using this method involves slowly massaging each vertebra that is located in the curvature zone. The main task of the doctor is to prevent deformity of the spine, as well as restore its anatomically correct location. Massage of the curved portion of the spinal column is performed 2-3 times a week. The duration of the therapeutic course is from 2 months. up to 1 year, depending on the severity and type of scoliosis.

Physiotherapy

Children diagnosed with scoliosis of 1, 2, 3 degrees of severity are shown the following methods of physiotherapeutic treatment:

  • electrical stimulation of muscle tissue and peripheral nerves with electric current impulses;
  • mud applications with a high content of minerals;Scoliosis in school-age children. Causes and treatment
  • stretching the spine in the pool (in this case, special weights are fixed on the child's legs, and he is kept afloat with the help of air cushions);
  • strengthening the muscular system of the back and bone tissue of the spine with sodium chloride baths;
  • warming up the deformed areas of the spine by electrophoresis (performed as an auxiliary procedure to improve local blood circulation, lymph outflow and relieve puffiness).

Physiotherapy is prescribed for children with stage 4 scoliosis in the process of preparing them for the upcoming surgery to align the deformed areas of the spine.

Wearing an orthopedic corset

Timely initiation of scoliosis therapy by wearing an orthopedic corset allows you to completely align the child's posture, as well as restore the anatomically correct direction of the spinal column.

This corset must be worn daily. The orthopedic device is removed during hygiene procedures, as well as during sleep. In especially severe cases, fixation of the chest with an orthopedic corset is necessary even at night. The scheme of therapy using this method of treatment is developed by a pediatric orthopedist.

Kinesio taping

In pediatric scoliosis, the main task of the attending physician using kinesio taping is to reduction of hypertonicity of skeletal muscles, as well as stretching of muscles in the flexion zone of the vertebral pillar.Scoliosis in school-age children. Causes and treatment

These actions reduce the compression load on the spine and eliminate the feeling of aching pain. To achieve a positive therapeutic effect, the doctor performs a transverse imposition of a kineosiotape along the line shoulder girdle, shoulder blades, rib cage, lower back, depending on the localization of deformation changes in the vertebral pillar.

Respiratory gymnastics

Respiratory gymnastics exercises are indicated for children with all stages of scoliosis. This method of therapy allows you to prevent the development of negative consequences caused by the distortion of the chest and compression of the respiratory system.

Deep breathing

With the help of this exercise, the effect of relaxation of the back muscles, which were spasmed by scoliosis of the thoracic spine, is achieved, and its execution looks like this:

  1. Lie with your back on a couch or flat floor.
  2. Place both hands on your stomach.
  3. Bend your knees, leaving your feet pressed to the floor.
  4. Inhale slowly through the nose, using the abdominal muscles.
  5. Make sure that the muscles of the chest remain motionless.
  6. Exhale slowly, pulling your abdomen towards your spine.

This exercise is performed daily for 5 repetitions.

Compression of the blades

This exercise of breathing exercises is useful for scoliosis of the thoracic spine.

The child must follow the following sequence of actions:

  1. Sit on a chair with a back.Scoliosis in school-age children. Causes and treatment
  2. Place your hands along the line of the hips.
  3. Align your back.
  4. Slowly pull your shoulder blades back, and then lower them down.
  5. Make the maximum deflection of the back so that the chest protrudes with the wheel.
  6. Take a deep breath through your nose and exhale through your mouth.

After completing this exercise, you need to rest for 2 s, and then proceed to its next repetition. This breathing exercises are recommended to be carried out daily at least 5 times a day.

Rapid breathing 4-8-8

This exercise is aimed at stretching the rib cage muscles, preventing pinching of bronchopulmonary tissue, organs of the cardiovascular system.

To carry out this breathing exercises, the following rules must be observed:

  1. Sit on a chair.
  2. Relax the muscles of the upper limbs.
  3. Inhale air slowly through the nose for 4 seconds.
  4. Hold your breath for exactly 8 seconds.
  5. Exhale slowly through the mouth for 8 seconds.

After a short rest of 3 seconds, the child repeats this exercise again. This type of breathing exercises should be performed up to 3 times a day.

Scoliosis is a dangerous disease of the musculoskeletal system, which is characterized by curvature of the spinal column. As this pathology develops, there is a gradual deformation of the vertebrae of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar spine. At risk are schoolchildren aged 9 to 14 years who stoop, do not monitor their posture, wear a heavy backpack, and fall on one side while studying at their desk.

Scoliosis is classified into 4 degrees of severity. Early diagnosis of deformity of the spinal column allows you to restore its anatomically correct position with the help of therapeutic massage, exercise and physiotherapy. Curvature of the 4th degree requires a surgical operation with the installation of fixing metal plates.

Scoliosis video

Symptoms of scoliosis at different stages:

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