Sanguine is in psychology, definition, characterization of temperament, description, profession, test

Sanguine - it is one of the 4 established by the ancient Greek scholar Hippocrates of the types of temperament, divided depending on the predominance of a certain type of fluid in the human body.

Received in psychology the name "sanguine", from the ancient Greek "sangua" (blood), the type of personality is characteristic of a cheerful and mobile, easily experiencing various troubles for people with pronounced leadership qualities, and is considered, according to Hippocrates, the most preferable for a successful life and the rapid advancement of a person along career ladder.

What is it, definition

A sanguine person in psychology is a personality characterized by high mental activity, cheerfulness, able to instantly adapt to changing life circumstances and easily adapting to her environment society.

According to the characteristics given to such people by the ancient Greek scientist Hippocrates, a sanguine person is an optimistic, friendly and a cheerful person, with many positive emotions, striving for a variety of impressions and easily adapting to the environment around him setting.

Soviet and Russian expert in the field of criminal law Nikiforov A.S. in his work “Neurology. Complete Explanatory Dictionary "defines a sanguine person as a person who is characterized by high activity, energy, efficiency, psychological resistance to external factors and reliability.

"Business Psychology" Head of the Department of Social Psychology of the Institute for Humanitarian Education (IGUMO) AV Morozov defines sanguine type temperament, as associated with high mental activity, variety and richness of facial expressions, hard work, instant manifestation of reactions, fast pace speech.

The psychogenetic dictionary, compiled with the participation of Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences A.M. Kondakov, means by the term "sanguine" - one of four, defined by Hippocrates, types of temperament inherent in a mobile and quickly responding to changes in events of the personality, easily resigned to troubles and failures. For her, according to the scientist, the ability to adapt to life changes, to enter into contact with new people is characteristic.

Feelings here can easily arise and change to new ones, complemented by rich facial expressions, a tendency to mobility and expressiveness, and in some cases, superficiality and inconstancy. The scientist calls the emperor Napoleon Bonaparte and the charming musketeer Porthos (the hero of the novel by A. Dumas-father "Three Musketeers").

Russian and Soviet scientist, physiologist, creator of the science of higher nervous activity Pavlov I.P. calls a sanguine person mobile, cheerful, endowed with expressive facial expressions, sociable, ardent, very productive figure, but only when he is in a state of internal excitement. Otherwise, according to the scientist, such a person quickly becomes lethargic and begins to get bored.

Academician Pavlov I.N. called this type of temperament - "strong type" with equally active excitatory and inhibitory processes. Any negative and unfavorable influences here, according to the academician, are very dangerous, since they are capable lead to a complete lack of concentration, surface and the appearance of unjustified haste in actions.

Characteristics, description and external manifestations

A sanguine person is, in psychology, a quickly excitable personality, prone to a vivid external expression of emotions, their rapid emergence and easy replacement (Dudiev V.P. "Psychomotor: a dictionary-reference book").

As a representative of one of the 4 types of temperament established by Hippocrates, the sanguine person is different:

• optimism;
• energy;
• sociability;
• cheerfulness;
• stress resistance;
• carelessness;
• impermanence;
• superficiality;
• friendliness.

Psychologists note that the sanguine type of temperament is characterized by high working capacity, endurance, and an extremely positive outlook on the world. According to Academician I.P. Pavlov, such people have a balanced and stable nervous system, quickly adapt to changed external conditions, and differ in behavioral plasticity.

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences Kondakov A.M. in his works noted that a sanguine person is the presence of a good sense of humor, which allows him to find positive traits even in difficult life situations. His good-naturedness and recklessness helps not to respond to stinging remarks and criticism, easily cheer up yourself and those around him, becoming an ideological inspirer and an unspoken leader companies.

In his "Business Psychology", the head of the Department of Social Psychology at the Institute for Humanitarian Education (IGUMO), A.V. Morozov. noted that the excellent oratorical abilities of a sanguine person allow him to be the center of attention in any, even unfamiliar companies.

The Doctor of Laws points out that such people are distinguished by a well-trained voice and a rich vocabulary and can easily reason on any, even complex topics. Such popularity, according to a specialist, often leads to the appearance of overestimated self-esteem among sanguine people, characterized by inconstancy and easily changed under the influence of external circumstances.

The sanguine type is the most sociable of the other 4 types of temperament identified by Hippocrates. Psychologists note that the vast majority of its representatives have their own psychotype, to extroverts.

In his work “Psychology. Illustrated Dictionary "candidate of psychological sciences, a well-known figure in the field of psychology and pedagogy, Kondakov I. M. noted that individuals with a sanguine temperament easily come into contact with strangers, communicate a lot and find depending on external circumstances, in contrast to introverts, immersed in their inner world and preferring loneliness.

In his research, the Nobel Prize laureate, academician I.P. Pavlov noted, and the peculiarity of the selective memory of sanguine people to remember only bright events that struck them. Such personalities, according to the scientist, are very poorly oriented in historical dates, names and faces of people, but they remember the appearance of a passing person only if something appears in front of them extraordinary.

In the course of his research, the doctor of sciences also found that a sanguine person prefers to learn about the world around him through tactile sensations: shaking hands, hugging, kissing.

Giving characteristics to different types of temperament, I.P. Pavlov noted that the sanguine type itself is quite rare in nature. In most cases, according to the scientist, this type joins the choleric temperament (about 80% of all cases) and much less often (no more than 15-20%) to the melancholic or phlegmatic types.

Research conducted by Academician I.P. Pavlov. and his team, identified a number of pros and cons inherent in the sanguine type of temperament:

pros

Minuses

optimism and heightened sociability of the individual, which helps her to always be in the center of attention of others; stability of the psyche, which makes it possible to cope with severe stressful situations; leadership talent that helps inspire and motivate people around them; good performance that persists for a long time; quick adaptation to changing conditions.

frequent absence of close friends due to the increased sociability of a sanguine person; inconsistency in business and interests, making the sanguine an undesirable partner for long-term business or partnership cooperation; excessive craving for new impressions, leading to the possible loneliness of a person of this personality type; a tendency to "self-admiration" and the development of a "sense of one's own greatness", completely dependent on the opinions and assessments of the people around him.

Professions

A sanguine person is, in psychology, a person emotionally stable, with a strong mobile, but balanced nervous system, possessing the ability to quickly respond to various events, to act deliberately and weighed (practicing psychologist, psychoanalyst, member of the EARPP of Russia Skilkova I.V.).

"Business Psychology" Head of the Department of Social Psychology of the Institute of Humanitarian Education (IGUMO) A.V. Morozova defines a person with a sanguine temperament as a person with a very high working capacity. According to the expert, such people tend to completely immerse themselves in the implementation of their professional duties, but their suddenly appeared workaholism very quickly disappears after the work stops them like.

Practicing psychologist, psychoanalyst, member of EARPP Russia Skilkova I.V. also notes that people with a sanguine type of temperament are very get tired of long and monotonous work, need a frequent change of activity and the choice of a profession associated with constant mobility and communication.

Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences Morozova A.V. In his work, he identified in the list of "ideal professions" for people with a sanguine type of temperament:

• acting profession;
• social and political activities;
• journalism;
• law practice;
• pedagogical activity.

Highlighted by I. NS. Pavlov, the desire of sanguine people to change their impressions frequently, according to psychologists, makes sanguine people choose for work activities associated with frequent travel or the need for long business trips. The mobile character of the sanguine person, according to experts, explains their thirst for travel, the desire to explore new places and make new acquaintances.

Famous people

In psychology, a sanguine person is a carrier of one of the 4 main types of temperament, prone to mobility, poise, hard work, interaction with strong nervous processes and high mental activity (academician I.P. Pavlov).

The most striking example of a person with a sanguine type of temperament, according to the candidate of psychological sciences, author of the psychogenetic dictionary, I.M.Kondakov, is considered military leader and statesman who laid the foundations of the modern French state and one of the most prominent figures in the history of Western Europe - Napoleon Bonaparte.

The general's sociability and leadership abilities led to his distinguished career from a junior lieutenant of artillery to the French emperor, who became the most influential man of the first half of the 19th century

Among contemporaries, the sanguine personality type is inherent in:

Yuri Mikhailovich Luzhkov

Soviet and Russian politician, 2nd Mayor of Moscow (from 06.06.1992 to 28.09.2010), co-chairman of the Supreme Council of the United Russia party, and also:

• Chevalier of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland;
• laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR and the Russian Federation;
• winner of the awards: "Honored Chemist of the RSFSR" and "Honored Builder of the Russian Federation".

Evgeny Pavlovich Leonov

Soviet and Russian theater and film actor in his youth, who worked as an apprentice turner, owner of numerous films and theater awards and famous for his work in "Gentlemen of Fortune", "Striped Flight" and "Ordinary miracle ". The works of E.P. Leonova is familiar not only to adults, but also to children, since the voice of the actor speaks the bear cub Winnie the Pooh from the Soviet animated film of the same name.

Natalia Leonidovna Krachkovskaya

Soviet and Russian film actress, Honored Artist of the Russian Federation known for her works in "12 chairs" and "Ivan Vasilyevich changes his profession." The popular film actress starred in more than 90 films and worked actively until the onset of a serious illness, which remained in the memory of the grateful audience of everyone's beloved Madame Gritsatsuyeva.

Denis de Vito

American actor, director and producer, Academy Award nominee for Erin Brockovich.

A native of the Italian-American de Vito family, he gained worldwide popularity after playing the role of a comedic character in "Romance with a Stone", starred in more than 60 films and became the honorary owner of a personalized star on the Hollywood Alley Glory.

Lionel Messi

World famous Argentine footballer, multiple Ballon d'Or winner and captain of the Argentine national team. Having started his career at the age of 17, the former striker of the Spanish "Barcelona" holds the title of "Top scorer of the world", and his collection contains titles:

• 10-time champion of Spain;
• 4-time winner of the UEFA Champions League;
• 7-time winner of the Spanish Cup;
• 8x Spanish Super Cup winner;
• 3-time winner of the Club World Championship.

Diagnostics

A person's sanguine temperament can be determined using popular psychological techniques:

Eysenck's technique

Designed specifically to determine individual psychological personality traits (and its percentage ratios on the coordinate scale), the questionnaire consists of 40 questions that simulate standard life situations. Based on the research results of G.Yu. Eysenck 700 neurotic soldiers test is used to identify characteristics of temperament based on the definition of essential components of personality: neuroticism, extraversion; introversion and psychoticism.

In addition to the classical technique in modern psychological practice, more advanced models of the Eysenck test have been created, which make it possible with the help of modeling common life situations to determine the type of personality temperament, as well as its percentage in the mental state person.

You can take Eysenck's test in a psychologist's office or at absolutely free on popular psychological Internet portals.

According to Belov

The classic test was developed by Dr. Belov and allows not only to show the type of temperament prevailing in a person, but also demonstrates the percentage of all 4 types in it (choleric, sanguine, phlegmatic, melancholic).

The test contains 80 questions, which must be answered within 9 minutes, and you can pass it on any psychological portal or at a specialist's appointment.

According to K. Jung

The test proposed by a well-known psychologist is suitable for determining various typological characteristics of a person and allows you to determine who an individual is. Jung's typology, which is the basis of the test, divides all people according to the type of extraversion and introversion, as well as the intermediate type - ambiverts.

Each question in the test offers 2 possible answers. You can complete the study for free on popular psychological Internet portals.

Sanguine is one of the 4 types of temperament inherent in people who are cheerful, active and constantly in motion.

Consistently studied in psychology by the Nobel Prize laureate I. NS. Pavlov's type is characteristic of people who strive to constantly be in the center of attention of people with leadership qualities, but in addition to the obvious advantages, it also has a number of disadvantages, since it does not allow people who are constantly looking for new sensations to build long and strong partnerships, friendships or family relationship.

Video about temperament sanguine

Characteristics of a sanguine person: