Heart Attack

Complications of myocardial infarction, consequences

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The development of these complications is dictated not only by the size of the affected area, but also by various combinations of reasons.

These reasons may include:

  • the presence of electrolyte disturbances;
  • previous myocardial diseases;
  • atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries.

Complications of myocardial infarction

Complications of myocardial infarction are divided into three large groups:

  • electrical (conduction and rhythm disturbances);
  • hemodynamic;
  • reactive and some other complications.

The time of occurrence of complications of myocardial infarction can be classified into:

  • early complications (appear in the first days or even hours of the disease);
  • late complications (appear after 15-20 days).

Complications of acute myocardial infarction

Complications of the acute period of myocardial infarction include: acute heart failure; conduction and heart rhythm disturbances; cardiogenic shock; ruptures of the heart (internal and external); postinfarction dressler syndrome; aneurysm of the heart; episthenocarditis pericarditis; early postinfarction angina pectoris; thrombendocarditis; thromboembolic complications; urinary disorders; complications of the gastrointestinal tract (ulcers, erosion, paresis); mental disorders.

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Complications after myocardial infarction can be formed by focal postinfarction cardioslerosis.

Most often, the left ventricle is affected.

The size of the cicatricial field directly depends on the extent of the affected area of ​​myocardial infarction.

Treatment of complications of myocardial infarction

Arrhythmia treatment

The treatment of arrhythmias will be much more effective with constant cardiac monitoring.

With persistent bradycardia, it is advisable to use an artificial pacemaker.

Atrial fibrillation (often reversible) requires the appointment of cardiac glycosides.

In the event of an increase in heart failure, an electric defibrillator is used.

In other special cases, isoproteriol, atropine is injected drip.

Severe intraventricular conduction disturbances also require the use of an artificial pacemaker.

Ventricular tachycardia requires immediate administration of lidocaine and electrical defibrillation.

Ventricular fibrillation also requires immediate use of an electric defibrillator.

Sudden cardiac arrest requires external cardiac massage and artificial respiration.

Treatment of pulmonary edema

With the development of edema, the patient must be given a semi-sitting comfortable position and lead atropine with morphine.

Give oxygen. 718th

Also useful:

  • the use of venous tourniquets;
  • the introduction of diuretics;
  • the introduction of glycosides.

Treatment of cardiogenic shock

When cardiogenic shock occurs, intravenous administration of the following drugs is helpful:

  • strophanthin;
  • isoproterenol;
  • noradrepalin;
  • glucagon;
  • alpha blockers;
  • prednisone (large doses).

It is important to conduct oxygen therapy and combat metabolic acidosis.

Treatment is carried out under the control of venous pressure.

Blood pressure can be increased by administering saline sodium chloride solution.

Surgical treatments have been proposed for assisted temporary circulation.

Treatment of thromboembolic complications

In this case, more active treatment with anticoagulants and the obligatory consultation of a cardiac surgeon are required, since in some cases surgical intervention may be required.

Postinfarction syndrome often forces a temporary cessation of anticoagulant treatment and the appointment of anti-inflammatory treatment (prednisolone, acetylsalicylic acid, butadione).

Cardiac aneurysm treatment

Chronic aneurysm often becomes a late complication of myocardial infarction in the left ventricle. There is an additional, excessive load on the left ventricular muscle, which reduces the efficiency of the heart.

The history indicates the occurrence of a large myocardial infarction.

Pathological pulsation is recorded:

  • electrokymographic;
  • roentgenokymography;
  • radiographically.

ECG reveals a persistent picture, characteristic of subacute or acute myocardial infarction.

Often there are:719th

  • various arrhythmias;
  • various manifestations of heart ischemia.

With an aneurysm of the heart, rupture of the aneurysmal sac is possible.

A parietal thrombus can become a source of embolism.

Treatment is aimed at eliminating:

  • heart failure;
  • angina pectoris.

Surgical excision of the aneurysmal sac is possible.

Causes and consequences of myocardial infarction

The main causes of myocardial infarction include atherosclerosis, which, to one degree or another, has already covered the entire planet.

In addition, it should be borne in mind that the risk of myocardial infarction increases in the presence of the following factors:

  • male;
  • genetic predisposition;
  • high blood cholesterol;
  • overweight;
  • hypodynamia;
  • smoking;
  • high blood pressure;
  • diabetes.

The consequences of myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction significantly changes the attitude towards one's life. He unexpectedly attacks a person from around the corner and makes him completely rethink his entire past, present and future life.

The consequences after myocardial infarction are serious enough for every organ of your body.

So, the acute phase leads to disturbances in cardiac blood flow, oxygen starvation occurs and, as a result, necrosis of the heart muscle. It should be borne in mind that this process is irreversible, leaving behind (at best) only a scar.

In the event that a heart attack has covered more than half of the heart, we can talk about manifestations of an extensive heart attack.

The consequences of extensive myocardial infarction can hardly be called simply serious, these consequences are catastrophic for the whole organism, since they very often lead to death.

If a smaller part of the heart has been affected, then we can talk about a small focal heart attack.

The consequences of small-focal myocardial infarction are minimal and much less dangerous, because the myocardium is not affected in depth, but only in a small superficial area.

The consequences of an infarction of the posterior myocardial wall are also less dangerous and usually much less pronounced than with lesions of the lateral or anterior myocardial wall. The transferred lesion leaves behind an aneurysm recorded on ultrasound and ECG, lifelong scars, rhythm disturbances, heart failure.

Recurrent myocardial infarction usually develops over a period of time (usually about two months). We can say that it occurs after a previously suffered heart attack, after the complete scarring of the heart attack. 720th

The consequences of repeated myocardial infarction are more severe than with an already transferred disease.

Occurrence is possible:

  • chronic heart failure;
  • tendency to arrhythmias;
  • atypical course of the disease or its asthmatic variant.

The lethal outcome with repeated myocardial infarction increases significantly.

Take care of yourself.

Be healthy!

Video: Myocardial infarction. Useful information

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