The article will focus on the structure, localization and functions of one of the organelles, which is part of the nerve cell and is its irreplaceable component - about the tigroid substance nerve cell.
Nervous system, it is a complex mechanism, which is distinguished by a specific structure and performance of some of the most important functions of the whole organism. Its structure contains structural elements that are not found in any other type of tissue.
This substance is a specific organoid, which is a structural element that is part of a nerve cell. This element can only be observed using the method of microscopic examination.
The structure of the tigroid substance
Since the tigroid substance is a specific organoid of the cell, scientists have now identified ways to detect it in vivo. For this, phase contrast microscopy can be used.
Using this method, we can conclude that this substance has certain features in its structure and location, depending on the type of tissue location and the structure of the nervous system.
So, depending on the type of nervous tissue, it can be concluded that a greater number of tigroid structures are localized in the area of the cortical zones in the visual or motor analyzer.
Already on the basis of a comparison of topographic anatomy, according to the content of tigroid substance, it was possible to isolate a complex and difficult differentiable structure of the brain, which was later defined as the nuclei of the brain, which are reticular formation.
Depending on the structure of the nerve cell, the tigroid substance also has certain features in its distribution. The largest amount of substance is concentrated in large neurons. This is probably due to the high functional abilities of such cells, in contrast to small neurons. Its distribution throughout the neuron is fairly uniform. In addition, it should be noted that parts of the tigroid substance also penetrate into the area of dendrites that move away from the cells.
Under microscopy, the tigroid substance, or as it is also called the basophilic substance, the chromatophilic substance or the Nissl substance, is presented in the form of clusters that form flattened cisterns. Such cisterns consist of a substance that forms a granular endoplasmic reticulum.
Outwardly, you can see that these formations are located parallel to each other. In order to detect the tigroid substance, it is necessary to feed the cellular elements with special dyes. As a result of staining, a formation appears, similar to basophilic grains or lumps.
The preparation contains ribonucleic acid. It consists of a protein component, while the main proteins of this substance are arginine and histidine.
The types of protein contained in a chromatophilic substance can be divided into two main types:
- A protein in which the reaction is at the border of an alkaline medium, and consists mainly of agrinine and histidine.
- An acidic protein containing an aromatic amino acid.
Functions of the tigroid substance
At present, all the functions that the tigroid substance performs as a structural element of the cell have not been precisely studied. Only one well-established function has been identified - the synthesis of proteins in the cell. It should be noted that the functional activity of the synthesis is largely dependent on environmental factors.
In case of poisoning of the body with toxic substances, the onset of even short-term oxygen starvation or the influence of other factors, a slow disintegration of the tigroid substance occurs, up to its complete disappearance.
In the state of functional load, an increase in the content of the substance can be noted. But during overload or nervous exhaustion, you can observe its deficiency in content. The decay process begins with dendritic elements, gradually passing to the cell body.
Based on the information received, it is fashionable to draw a conclusion about possible dystrophic changes in the nervous tissue. Such a method for assessing the state of the cells of the nervous tissue will make it possible to begin treatment of pathological conditions as early as possible.
