The brain and spinal cord are some of the independent structures in the human body, but not many know that for their normal functioning and interaction with each other it is necessary - Varoliev bridge.
What is Varolia's education and what functions it performs, you can learn all this from this article.
General information
The Varoliev bridge is a formation in the nervous system, which is located in the interval between the medulla and the medulla oblongata. Beams of the upper parts of the brain, as well as veins and arteries, stretch through it. In the Pontus Varolievy itself are located the nuclei of the central nerves in the cranium, which are responsible for the chewing function of a person. In addition, it contributes to the sensitivity of the entire face, as well as the mucous membranes of the eyes and sinuses. Education performs two functions in the human body: binding and conducting. The bridge got its name in honor of the Bolognese scientist anatomist Constanzo Varolia.
The structure of the Varoliyev education
Education is located on the surface of the brain.
If we talk about the internal structure of the bridge, then it contains an accumulation of white matter, where the cores of gray matter are located. In the posterior part of the formation, the nuclei are located, consisting of both 5,6,7 and 8 pairs of nerves. One of the most important structures on the bridge is the reticular formation. She performs a particularly important function, she is responsible for the activation of all departments located above.
The pathways are represented by thickened nerve fibers that connect the bridge to the cerebellum, thus forming rivulets of the formation itself and the cerebellar legs.
Saturates the Varoliev bridge of the arteries of the vertebro-basilar basin with blood.
Outwardly, it looks like a roller that is attached to the brain stem. The cerebellum is attached to it from the back. In its lower part, there is a transition to the medulla oblongata, and from the upper part to the middle. The main characteristic feature of Varoliev's education is that it contains a mass of pathways and nerve endings in the brain.
Four pairs of nerves radiate directly from the bridge:
- ternary;
- diverting;
- facial;
- auditory.
Formation in the prenatal period
Varolia education begins to form in the embryonic period from a rhomboid bladder. The bubble, in the process of its maturation and formation, is also divided into oblong and posterior. In the process of formation, the hindbrain gives rise to the birth of the cerebellum, and the bottom and its walls become components of the pons. The cavity of the rhomboid bladder will subsequently be common.
The nuclei of the cranial nerves at the stage of formation are located in the medulla oblongata and only over time, they move directly to the bridge.
At birth, the baby's bridge is located just above the back of the Turkish saddle. Only after 2-3 years, it begins to rise and thereby fixes itself in a permanent place for it - the upper part of the skull.
At the age of 8, all spinal fibers begin to grow in the myelin sheath in a child.
VM functions
As mentioned earlier, the Varoliev Bridge contains a lot of different functions necessary for the normal functioning of the human body.
Functions of Varoliev's education:
- controlling function, for purposeful movements throughout the human body;
- perception of the body being in space and time;
- sensitivity of taste, skin, as well as mucous membranes of the nose and eyeballs;
- facial expression;
- eating food: chewing, salivating and swallowing;
- a conductor, nerve endings pass through its paths to the cerebral cortex, as well as the spinal cord; interactive.
- according to the VM, the relationship between the anterior and posterior parts of the brain is carried out;
- hearing perception.
It contains the centers from which the cranial nerves exit. They are responsible for swallowing, chewing and sensing skin sensitivity.
The nerves extending from the bridge contain motor fibers (provide rotation of the eyeballs).
The triple nerves of the fifth pair affect the tension of the muscles of the palate, as well as the tympanic membrane in the auricle cavity.
The nucleus of the facial nerve is located in the Varolia formation, which is responsible for motor, autonomic and sensory functions. In addition, the center of the respiratory system of the medulla oblongata depends on its normal functioning.
VM pathologies
Like any organ in the human body, the VM can also stop functioning and the following diseases become the reason for this:
- cerebral artery stroke;
- multiple sclerosis;
- head injury. Can be obtained at any age, including during childbirth;
- tumors (malignant or benign) of parts of the brain.
In addition to the main reasons that can provoke brain pathologies, it is necessary to know the symptoms of such a lesion:
- the process of swallowing and chewing is disrupted;
- loss of skin sensitivity;
- nausea and vomiting;
- nystagmus - these are eye movements in one specific direction, as a result of such movements, the head can often begin to spin, up to loss of consciousness;
- can double in the eyes, with sharp turns of the head;
- disturbances in the work of the motor system, paralysis of certain parts of the body, muscles or tremors in the hands;
- in case of disturbances in the work of the facial nerves, the patient may experience complete or partial anemia, lack of strength in the facial nerve;
- speech disorders;
- asthenia - a decrease in the strength of muscle contraction, rapid muscle fatigue;
- dysmetria - incompatibility between the task of the performed movement and muscle contraction, for example, when walking a person can raise their legs much higher than necessary or, on the contrary, can stumble over small bumps;
- snoring, in cases where it has never been observed before.
Conclusion
From this article, it can be concluded that Varolia education is an integral part of the human body. Without this education, all parts of the brain cannot exist and perform their functions.
Without the Varoliyev Bridge, a person would not be able to: eat, drink, walk and perceive the world around him as it is. Therefore, the conclusion is one, this small formation in the brain is extremely important and necessary for every person and living being in the world.
