Exercise therapy in myocardial infarction is an integral part of the rehabilitation program, aimed at helping the patient to return to normal life. However, the load received by the patient should be strictly dosed. Permissible exercise determined by the attending physician based on the severity of the condition after myocardial person.
Objectives and contraindications to exercise therapy
Purpose of exercise therapy after myocardial pursues a number of objectives, which vary depending on the stage of rehabilitation. On the stationary stage of treatment is aimed at the solution of problems of:
- prevention of complications, accompanying bed rest, such as pressure sores, pneumonia, provoked by stagnation in the lungs and atony of the intestinal tract;
- activation of blood circulation in the peripheral zones;
- recovery of motor skills;
- improvement of mental and emotional state.
The result, which is aimed at exercise after a heart attack, is the willingness of the patient's own climb stairs and hiking up to 3 km a day.
During rehabilitation objectives are to:
- activation of the body's reserves;
- achieve maximum physical activity available to the patient;
- preparing to household stress and job performance.
Exercises included in gymnastics, recommended to perform after his recovery at home, are designed to perform the following tasks:
- increase myocardial tolerance to physical exercise;
- reducing the need for medical support;
- improving quality of life;
- combating the risk factors for recurrent heart attack, which include physical inactivity and obesity.
A prerequisite enabling to start the exercises, is the absence of contraindications, which include:
- heart rate greater than 104 beats per minute;
- pulmonary edema accompanied by shortness of breath;
- heat;
- strong pain;
- deterioration of ECG.
The degree of the load in the hospital
Load, which gives the body a physical therapy and exercise program are directly dependent on the severity of the patient's condition and the stage of rehabilitation at the moment.
First stage
At this stage, exercise therapy in myocardial held in a horizontal position and reduces to:
- breathing exercises;
- movements committed hands and feet;
- isometric load on the muscles of the trunk and legs.
The pauses between the exercises have to take up 50% of the time allocated to class, which is the recommended duration of 10-12 minutes.
The second stage
Exercise after infarction at this stage advantageously performed in a sitting position. With the improvement of the patient's movements of the hands and feet are replaced by rotation in the elbow and knee joints, which allows to use the larger muscles. Gradually add to the load walking within the chamber.
third stage
Therapeutic exercises after myocardial infarction in patients who are in the third stage of rehabilitation is carried out in a sitting position and standing. Duration classes must be up to 20 minutes. The exercises are supplemented by walks along the corridor for a distance not exceeding 200 m, as well as climbing stairs, no more than one flight at a time.
The fourth stage
At this stage of gymnastics after a heart attack is carried out 2 times a day, the duration of each approach - 30 minutes. The complex should include exercises to strengthen the muscles of the back, legs, shoulder girdle. Hiking should be carried out at an average pace. A distance length can reach 900 meters.
A set of exercises
Exercise therapy in myocardial infarction on a stationary phase consisting of 4 sets of exercises, each corresponding to its stage of rehabilitation. All movements must be performed under the supervision of a physician.
Exercise therapy after myocardial infarction in the home must be performed in accordance with the recommendations received at discharge. The main guarantee of obtaining the desired result of training - regular charging.
gymnastics complex after infarction at home should occupy time 45-60 minutes and performed 3 times a week. Prerequisite is the pulse control during lessons and regular monitoring of ECG during the rehabilitation period. Displaying the stress ECG under load to determine the response of the myocardium to perform physical exercises.
The set of exercises recommended to include the following elements:
- Warm up the neck muscles, for example, his head in his hand with one hand and trying to pull her toward the opposite shoulder. Or by placing his hands on his head, tilt your head so your chin touches your chest.
- Raising the shoulders first, then hands on the inhale and lowering them as you exhale.
- Bent at the elbows parallel to the floor and keep on breathing to reduce blade.
- The rotational motion in the shoulder joint of the elbow, first hand, then straight.
- PLANT hands behind his back one on top, and the second from the bottom, trying to concatenate them into the lock.
- Turns the body, followed by dilution hands.
- Squats with an emphasis hands on her hips.
- The simultaneous retraction of the side arms and legs from the starting position while sitting on a chair.
- Pulling the knee to the chest.
All exercises should be done at a slow pace and rhythm of breathing. The number of repetitions is 5-6 for each side. Terminate session should deep breath for 30 seconds.
As adaptation is added walking with high lifting legs or classes using step platform.
In the final stages of rehabilitation exercises shown on the cycle ergometer, the elements of sports, long walks. Any type of exercise before turning to training should be coordinated with the attending physician.
