Massive heart attack: the consequences likely to survive heart attack, how many live after, the rear wall

Extensive myocardial infarction - is ischemic injury, covers most of the heart muscle. The disease is accompanied by acute symptoms of necrosis of heart tissue. Half of the patients die before the arrival of medical teams. Most often the disease process covers all segments of the myocardium. Myocardial accompanied poisoning organism tissue decay products. Necrotic mass lesions are present in a few days.

Causes of

In order to understand what a massive heart attack, you need to find out what causes these conditions are caused. By provoking factors include:

• congenital defects in the large arteries (prevent entry of blood and nutrients to the heart muscle);
• occlusion of major vessels (lumens may overlap germinating benign and malignant tumors of the chest);
• inflammatory processes that occur in the aorta and other major arteries that feed the heart;
• hematoma mouth of the coronary vessel caused by the stratification of the upper aorta;
• blockage of a coronary artery that occurs on a background of DIC;
insta story viewer
• malignant tumor heart (this cause extensive myocardial considered sufficiently rare, muscle fiber necrosis promotes disintegration neoplasm or occlusion of the aorta by cancer cells);
• drug use, facilitating the emergence of large arteries spasm (at risk include people who use cocaine and amphetamine);
• blunt and open chest injury, the effects of electric shock;
• complications arising after surgical intervention in the coronary arteries.

If there was a common heart attack, then a blockage has occurred in several large vessels.

What are the symptoms

Extensive posterior or anterior myocardial infarction has acute symptoms, including common and typical manifestations:

1. Pain syndrome. It occurs suddenly, has a pronounced cutting, burning or oppressive character. Unpleasant sensations are localized in the left side of the chest, they may be given in the shoulder and arm. Remove the pain nitroglycerin impossible.
2. Sweating. Pot with myocardial necrosis has cold clammy character. This condition is accompanied by severe muscle weakness.
3. Mental disorders. Acute myocardial necrosis is accompanied by the fear of death, anxiety and excitement.
4. Attacks of asphyxia. The patient complains of shortage of air, it quickens the heartbeat and breathing stop happening. Chest pain during an attack are weakened.
5. Pain in the middle of the abdomen. Posterior myocardial infarction contributes to the appearance of pain localized in the stomach. In parallel, there are signs of digestive disorders: nausea and vomiting, bloating, loose stools.
6. Violation of the heart rate, sinking of the heart. These symptoms are typical for current arrhythmic abnormalities.
7. Dizziness, impairment of consciousness, problems with speech. Symptoms appear in the later stages of the attack, accompanied by blood circulation.

macrofocal form

Macrofocal form of a massive heart attack heart characterized by gradual development. attack harbingers are periodically appearing symptoms of angina. They arise at elevated physical and psycho-emotional stress. The first signs of myocardial necrosis are:

• sharp chest pain, extending to the left side of the neck and head;
• pain in the teeth and the lower jaw;
• pain in the area of ​​the blades;
• muscle weakness;
• shortness of breath that occurs when stress and at rest;
• high blood pressure;
• a strong sense of fear, caused by pain;
• high blood pressure;
• pale skin;
• accelerated heart rate.

melkoochagovogo form

Small focal myocardial infarction anterior wall of the heart has symptoms somewhat different from those in macrofocal and solid forms. Pain syndrome is often atypical localization. Discomfort concentrated in the stomach or the left scapula. The onset of pain in myocardial posterior heart wall has a longer duration (up to 60 minutes). He is accompanied by anxiety, general weakness, retching, shortness of breath, profuse sweat.

Treatment

Treatment of acute myocardial anterior wall of the heart shall be carried out in stationary conditions. In the first hours after the attack, the patient spends in the intensive care unit. To treat myocardial infarction the front wall of the heart by using drugs, surgery, and physical therapy.

therapeutic

For non-drug treatments include:

1. Oxygen therapy. Oxygen is administered to all patients having symptoms of cardiac and respiratory failure, or cardiogenic shock.
2. Gymnastics. Exercises begin to perform after the disappearance of acute manifestations. Properly selected complex physical therapy helps to recover faster after a long stay in a supine position. Excessive exercise is strictly prohibited.
3. Special diets. The diet is introduced a large number of plant foods, normalizing the digestive system. In myocardial posterior wall of the heart from the diet excludes eggs, beef and pork offal, eggs, fatty and fried foods, which increase blood cholesterol levels. Red meats replaced with chicken, turkey, lean fish. The amount of salt consumption is reduced to 2 grams per day. In the daily diet include dairy products.

Medication

Scheme pharmacological treatment includes:

1. Painkillers. Before doctors can soon take 0.5 mg nitroglycerin. Experts narcotic analgesics are administered to a patient, immediately relieving pain. Morphine sulfate is used in the form of intravenous injection.
2. Antiplatelet agents. Aspirin is assigned regardless of the attack phase. It eliminates pathological blood viscosity, inhibiting reocclusion of large vessels.
3. Thrombolytics. The thrombus is dissolved by administration of streptokinase, alteplase or urokinase. If the drugs do not give the desired result, the operation is performed.
4. Lipid means (Pravastatin, Atorvastatin). Inhibit the deposition of atherosclerotic plaques, eliminate signs of ischemia.

Operation

If extensive myocardial infarction rear wall used 2 types of surgical procedures:

1. Balloon angioplasty. Through a puncture in the femoral artery input device that achieves a major artery and expands it. After removing the balloon introduced stent that supports the desired lumen diameter.
2. Coronary artery bypass grafting. During the operation are workarounds that provide blood flow to the heart muscle.

These operations are often the only way to save the patient's life.

prevention

Prevention of the disease includes:

• regular intake of antiplatelet agents (aspirin Cardio);
• control of blood cholesterol levels (analyzes need to take at least 1 time in half a year);
• proper nutrition, combined with the introduction of statins;
• to maintain blood pressure within the normal range;
• getting rid of the bad habits;
• correction body weight.

posledsvy

Analysis of the effects of a heart attack after helping to predict the length of life of the patient and to select effective rehabilitation measures. The most common complications include:

1. Cardiogenic shock. Disseminated necrosis develops at the front of the heart muscle, aorta and lesion accompanied dying off more than 40% tissues. Cardiogenic shock is accompanied by heart palpitations, impaired consciousness, severe muscle weakness. Skin blanch, blood pressure falls to the critical values.
2. Heartbreak. It occurs in patients who have transmural myocardial It happens for the first time. Mortality in the development of this complication reaches 100%. Rupture occurs in the first 24 hours after symptom onset.
3. Pulmonary edema. Accompanied by shortness of breath, rales in the chest, cough with bloody sputum department. Fatal outcome in the event of such complications were observed in 25% of cases.

How many live after a massive heart attack

Emerging after a massive heart attack effects the chances of survival decrease significantly. In the early hours killed about 40% of patients. Life expectancy after an extensive myocardial infarction is low in elderly patients with hypertension or congestive heart failure.