Heart Attack

Abdominal form of myocardial infarction: the symptoms, treatment, what it is

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Abdominal form of myocardial infarction called cardiovascular disease characterized by acute circulatory disturbance of the heart muscle and proceeding with atypical clinical presentation. By the nature of the disease resembles the pathology of the digestive system. The main symptom - abdominal pain.

Abdominal kind of heart disease

Causes of

Abdominal infarction caused by external and internal factors. Violation of the blood supply and cell death can trigger:

  1. The defeat of the coronary (coronary) heart atherosclerotic plaques. This pathology often develops on the background of high blood low-density lipoprotein. The lipids are deposited on the walls of the arteries harden and grow in size. Plaques can block the vessel lumen, obstructing blood flow.
  2. Smoking. Vascular damage and promotes the development of atherosclerosis.
  3. Obesity.
  4. Hypertension.
  5. The presence of angina.
  6. Regular alcohol consumption for a long time.
  7. Endocrine disorders (diabetes).
  8. Errors in the diet (prevalence in the diet of fatty foods and foods rich in simple carbohydrates).
  9. insta story viewer
  10. Inflammatory disease (arteritis).
  11. Blockage of the coronary arteries by a thrombus or embolus.
  12. Anomalies of vessels that feed the heart.
  13. Stress.
  14. Physical inactivity (lack of exercise).
Disease due to smoking

symptoms

When abdominal form of myocardial infarction, non-specific symptoms. The main distinguishing feature - the lack of expressed pain behind the breastbone, which is characteristic for the common forms of the disease. For that heart disease is characterized by the following features:

  1. Pain. She felt in the epigastric area or right upper quadrant. The pain is intense, it lasts longer than 30 minutes, sharp, pressing, burning, or stabbing. Pain syndrome not associated with food (unlike gastritis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis and peptic ulcer) and disappears after the nitrate ingestion. May be accompanied by pain myocardial posterior wall of the heart muscle.
  2. Tenderness on palpation of the abdomen.
  3. Nausea.
  4. Vomiting.
  5. Voltage abdominal muscles.
  6. Sweating.
  7. Paleness of skin.
  8. Severe weakness.
  9. Psycho-emotional arousal.
  10. Dyspnea.
  11. The feeling of fear.
  12. Increased blood pressure. Observed in the acute phase of myocardial. Gradually, the pressure drops.
  13. Heart palpitations.
  14. Increased body temperature. Perhaps in the acute period of the disease. Fever often lasts 3-5 days or more. The reasons for increasing the temperature are necrosis and inflammation.
  15. Dizziness.
  16. Headache and dizziness. Are the result of cardiac abnormalities and cerebral hypoxia.
Strong headache

Common signs of abdominal form of myocardial are bloating and belching. Symptoms gradually weaken. It is most strongly expressed in the first 2 hours from the start of an attack, which corresponds to the period of acute myocardial infarction.

differential diagnosis

If you suspect a heart attack need to exclude the following diseases:

  1. Ulcer. Distinctive features are strong pain in the epigastric region, signs of internal bleeding (Drop in blood pressure, vomiting and bloody stools). Pain during peptic ulcer occurs almost immediately after ingestion, and with the defeat of 12 duodenal ulcer - 2-3 hours after a meal. Possible pain on an empty stomach and at night.
  2. Acute inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis). If it felt pain in the right upper quadrant near the liver and radiates to the back and shoulder blade. The attack can cause alcohol intake, errors in diet and stress. The vomit bile may be present, which is not typical for a heart attack. In the formation of stones there is jaundice and dark urine is observed.
  3. Acute pancreatitis. Pain when it is felt in the epigastric, left upper quadrant or around the waist. Pancreatitis can cause intake of fatty foods and alcohol.
  4. Appendicitis.
  5. Gastritis. When giperatsidnom gastritis pain occurs on an empty stomach, at night or after errors in diet. Pain syndrome diminishes or disappears when taking antacids (Fosfalyugel) and proton pump blockers (omez).
The disease is gastritis

To put a correct diagnosis will need:

  • Ultrasound (done to exclude pathologies of the abdominal cavity);
  • FEGDS;
  • electrocardiography (in myocardial possible negative tooth T, the change in QRS complex and pathological tooth Q);
  • ultrasound;
  • general and biochemical blood tests (increased CPK, myoglobin, LDH, ESR, troponin, AST and ALT);
  • general urine analysis;
  • coagulation;
  • lipidogram;
  • scintigraphy;
  • physical examination (palpation of the abdomen, lungs and heart auscultation noise);
  • fecal analysis (for pancreatitis exceptions).
Physical examination

Treatment

Myocardial infarction (abdominal form) treatment is started immediately after diagnosis. Therapy aims to reduce myocardial oxygen demand, the restoration of vascular permeability, the elimination of risk factors, pain relief and the prevention of complications. Patients hospitalized with a heart attack.

therapeutic method

The main aspects of therapy are:

  1. on medicines.
  2. respiratory relief.
  3. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation. It required in the absence of consciousness, heart failure and respiratory arrest.
  4. Defibrillation. Performed during cardiac arrest.
  5. Removing pain.
  6. Surgical intervention.
  7. Adherence to a strict diet. In atherosclerosis excluded from the menu fatty meals and foods, sweets, mayonnaise, pickles, smoked products and alcohol.
  8. Rehabilitation activities (gymnastics, massage, physiotherapy).
medication

medication

When abdominal (abdominal) myocardial infarction apply:

  1. Narcotic analgesics (fentanyl).
  2. Neuroleptics (droperidol).
  3. Nitrates. They need to be administered intravenously.
  4. Beta-blockers (medicines based metoprolol, bisoprolol and atenolol). Shown in increased blood pressure and heart rhythm abnormalities.
  5. Statins. Prescribed for a heart attack on the background of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis.
  6. Thrombolytics (streptokinase).
  7. ACE inhibitors (Captopril, Enap).
  8. calcium channel blockers (verapamil).
  9. Antiarrhythmic drugs (lidocaine, amiodarone).
  10. Preparations of potassium (Panangin) and magnesium. Panangin appointed after suffering a heart attack.
  11. Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants.

Operation

In severe cases of abdominal form of myocardial require the installation of metal structures (stent) into the lumen of the coronary arteries or bypass surgery. In the formation of aneurysms require their excision. In cases of gross violations of human heart rate is set pacemaker.

disease prevention

Prevention of abdominal variant of myocardial infarction is reduced to give up cigarettes and alcohol, restrict fat in the menus and sweet food, timely treatment of atherosclerosis and thrombosis, normalization of weight, elimination of stress and stabilize blood pressure.

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