Hypertonicity of the uterus during pregnancy 1-2-3 trimester. Treatment

Hypertonicity of the uterus is the most common pathology during pregnancy. In different trimesters, the increased tone has its own reasons. So, in the early stages, high blood pressure is associated with a low production of progesterone in the corpus luteum, and in the later stages - a rapid increase in the fetus, malformations of the uterus, multiple pregnancies.

What is the tone and hypertonicity of the uterus

A woman's uterus is a muscular organ and, like any other muscle, contracts. Organ activity can be decreased, normal, or increased. The tone changes throughout the menstrual cycle, depending on the production of hormones.

• During menstruation, the uterus contracts actively (high tone).
• In the middle of the cycle, the tone is normalized.
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• When pregnancy occurs, certain hormones are released to relax the muscular organ. This is necessary for the normal attachment and development of the embryo.

The uterus consists of 3 layers:

• external - perimetry;
• median - myometrium;
• inner mucous membrane.

Abnormal contraction of the muscle membrane, myometrium, occurs for various reasons. Increased uterine activity is especially dangerous in the first trimester of pregnancy, and often in the early stages, hormonal imbalance can be the cause - a decrease in progesterone production.

Also, the cause of increased tone can be:

• contractions of the uterus in response to stress due to fetal growth;
• toxicity;
• premature dilatation of the cervix;
• dysfunction of the thyroid gland;
• sexual intercourse:
• lack of progesterone;
• disorders of the development of the uterus;
• rhesus conflict;
• inflammatory processes in the reproductive organs;
• changes in intestinal motility.

Hypertonicity of the uterus during pregnancy (trimester can be any) is a danger to the expectant mother and is accompanied by a number of symptoms:

• Feelings similar to pulling pains in the lower abdomen before menstruation. Their intensity ranges from subtle to severely painful.
• Firm and tense belly.
• In some cases, along with the stomach, the sacrum and lumbar region "hurt".
• Cramping pain lasting up to several minutes.
• Bloody discharge (their presence is the reason for seeking help from specialists).

When a gynecologist feels the abdomen, the tone can also increase, since the uterus is a muscular organ and reacts to physical stimuli.

External causes that cause tension in the muscles of the uterus include inhalation of harmful chemical vapors, acute viral diseases and physical activity.

Stress and nervous tension can provoke an increase in uterine activity. If the pain occurred with a sudden movement or when changing a posture, then we are talking about natural muscle tension and in this case there is no need to worry. Often, after the ultrasound procedure, the stomach turns to stone, and if before and after the ultrasound, the woman is not worried about anything, then this is a reaction to the procedure.

What is the danger of hypertonicity?

Uterine tone is a rather controversial diagnosis for many doctors. On the one hand, this condition is considered physiologically normal if it is not associated with other aggravating pathologies. On the other hand, it can have negative consequences for pregnancy.

In early pregnancy, the corpus luteum and adrenal glands secrete the hormone progesterone. This substance relaxes the uterus. If the hormone is not enough, the tone increases. One or all of the walls of the hollow organ thicken and tighten, increasing contraction.

If this condition is not corrected in time, the membranes begin to peel off. A hematoma forms between the wall of the uterus and the embryo, the tissue does not feed completely, blood circulation is impaired. This condition can cause miscarriage at an early stage, and premature birth at a later stage.

Hypertonicity of the uterus during pregnancy (trimester I, II or the entire period of gestation) indicates that it is possible that the fetus develops hypoxia due to constant compression of the umbilical cord vessels and insufficient oxygen supply to the future baby.

How to remove uterine hypertonicity, what to do when it rises

It is possible to reduce the activity of the uterus on your own, but first you should consult a doctor.

In most cases, the increased activity of the uterus during pregnancy is due to the worries and fears of the expectant mother. The higher the stress about the upcoming birth, the more likely it is to tone up. For prevention, it is recommended in the first trimester to reduce physical activity, tune in to the positive, balance nutrition, and focus on fortified foods. With regular stress on the uterus, it is recommended to abandon sexual intercourse.

Sometimes an increase in tone in the II trimester is caused by the irrational use of vitamins. Pregnant women are convinced that they need to consume as much calcium as possible, so they include in their diet not only foods rich in minerals, but also special vitamin complexes. Excess calcium is manifested by symptoms such as muscle spasms, including uterine muscle spasms.

If there is a feeling that the uterus is tense, you should relax, close your eyes, take a few deep breaths and exhale. Breathing should be even and calm, while you should discard all negative thoughts and think about the good. Repeat the procedure several times.

There are a number of recommendations that can help reduce the tension of the uterine muscles:

• Physical rest. Bed rest is recommended only in cases of persistent hypertension with clear signs of an impending miscarriage and in a hospital setting. In other situations, it is enough not to overwork. It is recommended to exclude sports that involve stress on various muscle groups, endurance training. It is forbidden to lift weights over 3 kg.
• Sexual relaxation. Until the tonus is normalized, it is recommended to refrain from intimate life. During orgasm, the uterus contracts, worsening the woman's condition and exacerbating fetal hypoxia.
• Adequate sleep. It is recommended to sleep at least 8 hours at night. A daytime sleep of 1–2 hours is also helpful.
• Aromatherapy. The choice of scent depends on the woman's preference. The scent of rose relieves stress, lotus soothes and relieves fatigue. Jasmine relaxes muscles, relieves tension. Myrrh is used to treat insomnia and also acts as a sedative. Sweet vanilla creates a sense of well-being and has a positive impact. Essential oils of geranium, mint, wormwood, valerian and chamomile are useful.
• Warm bath or shower. The water should be pleasantly warm and soothing essential oils such as lavender or rose can be added. Water procedures should be taken no more than 10-15 minutes.
• You can also take a warm shower. While swimming, you need to monitor the temperature of the water, it should be warm, but not hot, but it is better to leave the bathroom door open a little so that there is a flow of fresh air, and not a feeling steam room.

Special exercises help relax your abdominal muscles:

• To perform the "Cat" exercise, it is necessary to take a knee-elbow position, in this case the uterus is suspended in the air and its muscles relax, and the load on the kidneys and lower back decreases.
• On inhalation, you should raise your head up and bend your chest forward.
• On exhalation, return to its original position - the spine is curved. All this must be done slowly and smoothly. Movements can be performed with support on the palms or elbows.

The following breathing exercise works well:

• Lie on your back, leaning on your elbows, legs bent at the knees. In this position, take deep breaths and exhalations so that the stomach rises and falls.
• In the supine position, inhale and exhale in the sounds O, C, I.

Hypertonicity of the uterus can appear in any trimester, as well as immediately before childbirth. Proponents of natural pregnancy and childbirth advise expectant mothers to sing more. Singing brings joy, pleasure and relieves tension in the body. With an increase in tone, you can not stroke the stomach, but it is better not to touch it at all, this also applies to the nipples.

The correct diet will not relieve stress, but it is included in comprehensive treatment:

Products that help reduce the tone of the uterus	Products contributing to the development of hypertonicity
Bran bread, biscuits, dry biscuits	Fried, salted, smoked dishes using animal fats.
Porridge on water or milk (buckwheat, oatmeal, rice, wheat)	Canned food, smoked sausages.
Bean soups and main courses.	Soups in packages, fast food.
Vegetables - bell peppers, cucumbers, asparagus, broccoli	Radish, white cabbage, onion, fresh garlic.
Dried fruits, nuts in moderation.	Spicy sauces, ketchups, spices, marinades.
Low-fat meats in boiled, stewed or baked form (chicken, turkey, veal, rabbit)	Fatty fish and meat.
Purified water, weak green tea, natural juices, compotes	Strong black tea, coffee, soda, alcohol.
Dairy and fermented milk products with a low fat content (milk, yogurt, kefir, cream).	Fatty dairy products (sour cream, cottage cheese, cheese, whole milk).

Experts recommend eating in small portions. It is better to do this every 2.5-3 hours.

Principles of nutrition with uterine tone:

• One of the reasons for the tone may be a lack of magnesium in the body, so you should enrich the diet with this element. Magnesium is found in abundance in wheat bran, sesame seeds and buckwheat.
• Vitamin B6 is essential for normal pregnancy - it reduces the severity of toxicosis and the likelihood of premature birth. The trace element is found in excess in walnuts, spinach, cabbage, eggs, liver.
• The diet should be complete and healthy, the woman should refrain from alcohol and smoking.
• A pregnant woman should take care of the condition of the intestines and avoid constipation. The intestines and uterus lie “next to each other,” so a full bowel can put pressure on the uterus and an expanding uterus on the intestines, causing pain in the woman. To avoid this, the expectant mother should eat foods high in fiber.
• Sweets should be replaced with dried fruits, since they are the source of all trace elements necessary for pregnant women.
• It is important that pregnant women are not nervous, as excessive agitation is a common cause of uterine tone.
• A woman should not eat for two, since extra pounds will not add health to her and her child. It is optimal to gain from 10 to 15 kg during pregnancy.
• It is necessary to drink a sufficient amount of liquid, at least 2 liters per day, unless it is contraindicated due to edema or other reasons, which is also the prevention of constipation.

Special dressings for pregnant women on the abdomen support it, relieving tension from the back and reducing the tone of the uterus. Obstetricians-gynecologists recommend that women in position wear a bandage from 17-18 weeks. And from 30–32 weeks it is better to refuse it, because the size of the baby increases, and the belt can interfere with this process.

For each woman in the position, the elastic belt is selected individually, taking into account individual characteristics. The headband is made of natural cotton or synthetic material.

Today there are several types of elastic belts for pregnant women:

• Underwear. Produced in the form of underpants. An elastic band is sewn onto the upper part of the underwear, which helps to support the belly. This type of dressing does not cause discomfort, is comfortable and is the most popular.
• Elastic waist. Bandage in the form of a wide elastic band with Velcro. It is worn over the underwear on the body. There are special adjusters on the side to help you choose the correct girth diameter.
• The bandage is universal. It is used for bearing the fetus and in the postpartum period. It has the shape of a wide belt, similar to a corset. On the side there are special fasteners for adjusting the width and girth.

Doctors advise pregnant women to be charged with positive emotions: watch funny films, listen to music, fill the day with the most pleasant moments, since a good mood is the key to an excellent well-being.

Treatment of hypertonicity of the uterus with folk remedies

Consult your doctor before self-medication or home remedies. After the doctor confirms that the woman has hypertonicity, and it really is necessary to reduce it, he will prescribe special medications or alternative drugs to normalize the condition.

Hypertonicity of the uterus during pregnancy (trimester does not matter) often occurs in women leading an active lifestyle. In this situation, tinctures and decoctions of medicinal herbs are best suited. They have an antispasmodic effect that helps to relieve pain.

The following recipes effectively normalize the tone:

• Valerian tincture. It is used both as a prophylactic agent and as a remedy for spasms. For 20-30 minutes before meals, take 33-35 drops of the drug. But the best option for pregnant women is the pill form of valerian.
• Motherwort tincture. Take 27-29 drops 2 times a day (morning and evening) immediately after meals. The course of treatment is 1.5-2 months.
• Herbal tea. To prepare the drink, you will need lemon balm, mint, valerian, motherwort. All ingredients are mixed (the total weight of herbs should be no more than 90-100g) and poured with boiling water. Insist 35-40 minutes. If desired, you can add honey or sugar to the tea. After drinking the drink, you should lie down at rest for 23-25 ​​minutes.

• Vitex (twig) is a plant that acts on hormones. It was used in the first trimester of pregnancy to prevent miscarriage caused by low progesterone levels. It is best to start taking it about 3 months before conception.

Medicines for the removal of uterine hypertonicity

Hypertonicity of the uterus during pregnancy (trimester I-II is dangerous with miscarriage, and III with premature birth) is primarily removed with the help of antispasmodics. If the expectant mother is very nervous, she may be advised to use mild sedatives for a short time.

The next step in solving the problem is to find out what happened. If hypertension occurs for psychological reasons, the patient is prescribed a course of antispasmodics, sedatives and psychological therapy. A pregnant woman does not need deep psychological correction, but a group of psychological support, individual conversations with a psychologist and preparation for the birth of a baby will definitely go to benefit.

In addition, the doctor will order general tests and review the results of a blood clotting test for additional testing. Women who have experienced menstrual irregularities before pregnancy should donate blood for hormone tests.

If necessary, drugs are prescribed to make the blood less viscous. In case of violations of the gastrointestinal tract of a pregnant woman, it is recommended to adhere to a diet, in difficult cases, seek help from a gastroenterologist.

When the hypertonicity is caused by the formation of a tumor, a decision is made about how the biopsy will be performed. In most cases, pregnancy can be saved, but the prognosis after removal of the tumor will be different.

The most common cause of hypertonia is hormonal imbalance in a woman's body. If the mother's endocrine system cannot cope with maintaining the pregnancy, hormone therapy should be used. Without medical assistance, in case of endocrine system disorders, it will not be possible to maintain a pregnancy before childbirth.

In the case when the increased tension is caused by an inflammatory process, the treatment is carried out with specially selected medicines. Antibiotics are sometimes used.

To relieve the tone of the uterus, antispasmodics and tocolytic drugs are used. Symptomatic remedies are also used.

• Antispasmodics. In the early stages of pregnancy, Drotaverine (in tablets) and Papaverine (in rectal suppositories) are prescribed. The course of therapy is up to 10 days. Reception of antispasmodics eliminates pain in the lower abdomen, reduces the tone of the myometrium, the risk of hypoxia. After 16 weeks, they are not prescribed due to their low effectiveness.

  

• Anticonvulsants. It can be No-shpa, Papaverine injections or the same drug in tablets. Medicines relieve muscle spasms and tone the uterus.
• Sedatives. Magnesium preparations (in tablets) are prescribed in combination with vitamin B6. Applied at any stage of pregnancy. The duration of therapy is 2 weeks, after which a break is taken. If necessary, repeat the course of treatment. Magnesium reduces muscle tone and soothes the central nervous system.
• Magnesium sulfate (for injection). Prescribed intravenously in a hospital setting. Allows you to quickly remove the tone of the myometrium, can be used with the simultaneous development of gestosis and the threat of termination of pregnancy. The course of therapy is 3 days. Then the patient is transferred to taking magnesium tablets.
• Reception Giniprala and its analogs are shown from the 16th week of pregnancy. The drug relieves muscle tone, relaxes the uterus, eliminates pain. In the hospital, a dropper is prescribed for 3 days with this medicine.
• Improvers of uteroplacental blood flow. They are used intravenously drip for 5-10 days with a further transition to a tablet form. They activate blood flow to the placenta, improve fetal nutrition, and prevent the development of hypoxia. Indirectly affect the tone of the myometrium.
• Sedatives. Medicinal herbs are prescribed in tablets or drops (valerian, motherwort). On a synthetic basis - Nozepam, Sibazon, Trioxazine. The course of therapy is at least 2 weeks. The drugs calm the nervous system, relieve nervous tension. They help to reduce the tone of the uterus.
• Hormonal drugs. If the reason for the increased tone of the uterus is a lack of progesterone, drugs based on it are prescribed. Treatment is carried out early and lasts up to 16 weeks. The drug is not canceled immediately, but gradually reducing the dosage. Abrupt withdrawal of the hormone can lead to miscarriage. The doctor prescribes Utrozhestan or Dyufaston, various antispasmodics, such as No-shpa, Papaverini. From 16-18 weeks, Ginipral, Brikanil, Partusisten are prescribed. It is important to control blood sugar, heart rate, and blood pressure during treatment.
• Magnesium and Vitamin B6. Taking medications improves sleep, helps to relax and relieve stress. Take microelements 1-2 tablets for 2 weeks, after which a break is required.

Hypertonia can appear both in the first trimester and at the end of pregnancy, just before childbirth. Every woman, even a perfectly healthy one, can feel this. Symptoms that appear should in no way be ignored.

The price of frivolity is too high: contractions of the uterus cause vasospasm, and the child begins to receive less nutrients and oxygen from the mother than it should. This leads to growth retardation, impaired fetal development. The neglected cases end tragically - spontaneous miscarriage and premature birth.

Video about uterine hypertonicity

Hypertonicity of the uterus during pregnancy: