Symptoms of prediabetes in women. Signs after 40-50-60 years

Prediabetes is the primary stage disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, when the level of glucose in the blood of a person is higher than normal, but not yet so high that the final diagnosis of diabetes mellitus was made. In women, the symptoms of this pathology are manifested by frequent urination, increased nervousness and insatiable thirst.

What does prediabetes stage mean?

The pre-diabetic state of the female body is the result of a decrease in the sensitivity of physiological receptors to insulin, which is produced by the cells of the pancreas.

In the presence of chronic diseases of this organ, the synthesis of this hormone can be significantly reduced. Patients with prediabetes show the classic symptoms of high glucose levels. Women with signs of this disorder of carbohydrate metabolism are at a special risk group for acquiring type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The stage of prediabetes requires strict adherence to dietary norms, prophylactic administration of drugs that help lower blood sugar levels. Moderate exercise also helps normalize glucose levels.

The absence of any actions aimed at restoring the correct carbohydrate metabolism in women who are on stages of prediabetes, means further progression of endocrine pathology with its systematic transition to diabetes mellitus 2 type.

Distinctive features of prediabetes in women, symptoms and signs

Prediabetes may not be symptomatic at all. Especially if the concentration of sugar in the blood is slightly increased.

As her glucose levels increase, the woman begins to experience the following signs of prediabetes:

• a strong feeling of hunger, which you cannot get rid of even after eating a large amount of food;
• frequent urination;
• increased dryness of the oral mucosa;
• itching of certain areas of the skin (in this case, it is necessary to carry out differential diagnostics for a possible manifestation of an allergic reaction);
• decreased visual acuity;
• constant thirst that does not subside after drinking a lot of fluids;
• physical weakness;
• fast fatiguability;
• decreased performance;
• dizziness.

In the presence of prediabetes, the above symptoms appear periodically as blood sugar rises. After drinking alcoholic beverages, eating too much fatty foods, smoked meats, sweets, butter baking, there is a sharp increase in glucose, which automatically becomes the cause of an increase in the signs of pre-diabetic states.

Reasons for development

Symptoms of prediabetes in women are diagnosed by an endocrinologist during a preliminary examination. The main causes of this disease are dysfunction of the pancreas, and also a decrease in the sensitivity of the body's biological receptors responsible for recognizing the hormone insulin.

There are the following factors that contribute to the development of a pre-diabetic state in women:

• overweight;
• alcohol abuse;
• regular intake of medications based on hormonal substances;
• hereditary predisposition to the development of type 2 prediabetes;
• leading a sedentary lifestyle, in which there is practically no intense physical activity;
• imbalance of female sex hormones (this cause, provoking prediabetes, occurs in women over 45 years old, whose body enters the period of menopause);
• unbalanced diet with the use of too much fatty, sweet, fried foods, foods containing a high percentage of easily digestible carbohydrates;
• complications of chronic pancreatitis;
• the consequences of trauma to the pancreas.

The reasons for the development of prediabetes are established by an endocrinologist based on the results of the patient's diagnosis. At the stage of forming the tactics of treating this pathology, negative factors that increase the level of glucose in the blood are necessarily eliminated.

Risk group

Specialists of the American Diabetes Association have identified the following categories of patients who are at risk of acquiring a pre-diabetic state of the body:

• age over 45 years in combination with overweight or morbid obesity;
• an increased content of triglycerides is constantly present in the blood;
• tendency to arterial hypertension with stable maintenance of high blood pressure in the range of 140 to 90 tonometer units;
• low blood lipoprotein levels;
• are younger than 45 years old, but have a total body mass index of 25, or have a higher rate;
• the family has close relatives with type 2 diabetes;
• the woman had previously suffered gestational diabetes with the further birth of a child weighing over 4 kg;
• ignoring physical activity;
• rapid overweight gain.

All women at risk of acquiring a pre-diabetic state of the body should undergo preventive examinations by an endocrinologist. In this case, every 6 months. it is recommended to donate capillary blood from a finger to determine the level of sugar.

Diagnosis of the condition in women

Patients with signs of prediabetes undergo a comprehensive examination by an endocrinologist. The table below lists the main diagnostic methods that are shown to women with this pathology.

Inspection method	The purpose of the diagnosis
Blood sugar test	To determine the concentration of glucose in the body, a woman on an empty stomach donates capillary blood from bundles of the ring finger. If necessary, an endocrinologist prescribes an additional venous blood sampling for the patient.
Urine examination	This analysis is taken on an empty stomach in the morning. In women who do not show signs of a pre-diabetic state, sugar molecules in the urine should be completely absent. The appearance of glucose in the composition of urine indicates a violation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Pancreas ultrasound	An ultrasound scan of the pancreas is necessary to assess the general condition of the tissues of this organ, timely detection of foci of the inflammatory process and tumor neoplasms.

The normal concentration of glucose in the composition of venous blood, which is donated on an empty stomach, is 6.2 mmol per 1 liter of biological material. Higher levels of this substance indicate the stage of prediabetes.

Can prediabetes be cured?

The symptoms of prediabetes in women become especially pronounced after consuming sugary juices or confectionery, when there is a sharp increase in blood glucose. Treatment for prediabetes should start with lifestyle changes.

This pathology is a borderline state of the endocrine system. The patient has not yet been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, but the test results indicate the imminent development of this disease. It is possible to get rid of a pre-diabetic state, but for this it is necessary to combine taking medications with the implementation of prevention standards.

How to control prediabetes?

Monitoring the further development of the pre-diabetic state of the body provides for the mandatory observance of the following rules:

• performing moderate physical activity with the activation of all groups of skeletal muscles;
• weekly cardiac training;
• balanced diet;
• refusal to eat fatty, sweet, fried foods;
• leading a healthy lifestyle without alcoholic beverages, tobacco products and drugs.

The development of prediabetes is also influenced by the psychological state of a woman. It is recommended to avoid stressful situations and nervous strain. Excessive psycho-emotional stress negatively affects the work of the endocrine system, which provokes an increase in blood sugar.

Is there a pre-diabetic diet?

Following a pre-diabetic diet requires avoiding foods that put additional stress on the pancreas and also provoke an increase in glucose levels.

What foods to avoid

Symptoms of prediabetes in women develop gradually as endocrine disease progresses.

To get rid of this pathology, it is recommended to completely abandon the following products:

• granulated sugar;
• marmalade;
• all kinds of jams;
• confectionery;
• dates;
• halva;
• rich pastries;
• melon;
• duck;
• fatty pork;
• cottage cheese with a high percentage of milk fat;
• sour cream;
• raisin;
• mutton;
• cream;
• White bread;
• mayonnaise;
• grape;
• smoked bacon;
• figs;
• sausages and sausages;
• canned meat;
• all types of semi-finished products;
• persimmon;
• French fries;
• popcorn;
• confectionery fat;
• bananas.

Alcohol and sugary carbonated drinks are strictly prohibited. Women who are diagnosed with a pre-diabetic state of the body should refuse fried, too salty, spicy, smoked foods.

Allowed and healthy foods

To normalize the functions of the pancreas, lower blood sugar levels, the following biologically beneficial foods are shown to be consumed:

• rabbit meat;
• chicken;
• River fish;
• lean ocean fish and seafood;
• peas;
• beans;
• gray bread;
• chicken eggs;
• all types of vegetables;
• green apples;
• mushrooms;
• skim cheese;
• veal;
• cereals (the only exceptions are semolina and polished rice, as these are foods with a high glycemic index).

All of the above products are cooked in a steam bath, boiled in water, stewed with vegetables, or baked in the oven. Meals should be fractional without overeating.

Examples of the right menu for women after 40, 50, 60 years

The table below provides an example of a weekly meal plan for women diagnosed with signs of prediabetes.

Day of week	Menu
Monday	Breakfast. Vegetable soup. Beef stew with vegetables. Dinner. Buckwheat porridge without adding butter. Snack. Skim cheese. Oven baked apples. Dinner. Pink salmon stewed in a slow cooker with vegetables.
Tuesday	Breakfast. Onion soup with chicken breast. Dinner. Barley porridge cooked in milk with a minimum percentage of fat. Snack. Cauliflower salad, seasoned with a little vegetable oil. Fresh apples. Dinner. Barley porridge. Boiled carp.
Wednesday	Breakfast. Millet porridge. Pumpkin cooked in a slow cooker. Dinner. Tomato soup. Boiled chicken with fresh vegetable salad. Snack. Low-fat cottage cheese with strawberries. Dinner. Rabbit meat stewed with vegetables.
Thursday	Breakfast. Vegetable soup. Boiled veal. Dinner. Pea puree soup. Snack. Diet cheese cakes. Dinner. Squid stewed with vegetables.
Friday	Breakfast. Soup with rye croutons. Dinner. Halibut fillet baked in the oven with vegetables. Snack. Fresh cabbage salad with cranberries. Dinner. Buckwheat porridge with boiled rabbit meat.
Saturday	Breakfast. Vegetable soup. Homemade meat pâté. Dinner. Barley porridge. Boiled hake. Snack. Low-fat cottage cheese with kiwi slices. Dinner. Pea puree soup.
Sunday	Breakfast. Millet porridge with boiled veal. Dinner. Chicken casserole. Oven baked pumpkin. Snack. Salad with celery, walnuts and apples. Dinner. Fillet of pink salmon stewed with vegetables in a slow cooker.

As drinks, it is allowed to use berry fruit drinks, herbal teas based on chamomile, linden, mint, thyme, but without added sugar. Kefir, fermented baked milk, yogurt are also allowed to be included in the daily menu, provided that these dairy products contain a minimum percentage of fat.

Exercise for Prediabetes

Regular physical activity helps control blood sugar levels, prevents overweight, and also provides prevention of type 2 diabetes. For women with a pre-diabetic state of the body, it is recommended that exercises for all muscle groups and the obligatory cardiac training be carried out.

Squats

Squats are a simple, but energetically demanding exercise, which is performed according to the following algorithm of actions:

1. Put your feet shoulder-width apart.
2. Place your hands on the belt.
3. Straighten your back.
4. At the expense of "times", bend your knees, performing a deep squat.
5. On the count of "two" rise to the starting position.

This exercise is performed for 12-15 repetitions in 3 sets. Squats should be done in the morning, at lunchtime and in the evening as a warm-up, as well as to prevent an increase in blood glucose.

Dumbbell swing

To perform this exercise, you will need 2 dumbbells weighing 1-2 kg each, as well as a spacious room.

This workout, which can effectively fight prediabetes, is as follows:

1. Fix your legs shoulder-width apart.
2. Take dumbbells in both hands.
3. Raise sports equipment to chest level.
4. Alternately with the right and left hands, simulate the application of direct strikes.

For each upper limb, you need to do 15 repetitions in 3 sets. The advantage of this exercise is that it allows you to quickly reduce blood sugar levels and also strengthens the muscles of the shoulder girdle.

Abs workout

This exercise is easy to do at home without any special training equipment.

It is enough to be guided by the following recommendations:

1. Take a horizontal position.
2. Fix the feet on the surface of the floor, slightly bending the knees.
3. Close your hands behind your head.
4. At the expense of "times", lift the body up towards the knee joints.
5. On the count of two, return the body to its original position.

In the process of performing this workout, extra calories are burned, an excess supply of glucose is consumed, and the anterior abdominal wall is trained. In this case, you need to do 20 repetitions in 3 sets. It is recommended to train the press every day in the morning for 30 minutes. before breakfast.

A ride on the bicycle

Cycling is a form of cardiac exercise that can lower blood sugar levels in people with prediabetes and strengthen blood vessels. To achieve a positive effect in the prevention of the further development of diabetes mellitus, it is recommended 1-2 times ride a bike from 5 to 10 km per week, depending on the individual physical capabilities of each women.

Medicines and Supplements

Symptoms of prediabetes in women are eliminated by the metered intake of medications, the action of which is aimed at lowering the level of glucose in the blood.

In this case, the following types of medicines can be used:

• Metformin;
• Glucophage;
• Siofor;
• Amaryl;
• Diabetone;
• Forksig;
• Diaformin.

The above drugs have hypoglycemic properties. Medicines of this category should be prescribed exclusively by an endocrinologist after a comprehensive examination of the patient. The dosage regimen is also determined by the doctor based on the results of a blood test.

Prognosis for a person with prediabetes

The prognosis for the restoration of physiologically normal blood glucose levels in women with a pre-diabetic state of the body is favorable, if the patient adheres to the following rules:

• observes the norms of dietary nutrition;
• leads a healthy lifestyle;
• refuses to drink alcohol;
• regularly exercises to normalize body weight;
• controls blood sugar levels;
• avoids overwork of the body;
• protects the nervous system from stressful situations and psycho-emotional overstrain.

Women who ignore the above recommendations continue to eat fatty, sugary foods, lead a sedentary lifestyle, have bad habits, risk further development of prediabetes with the transition of the disease to the stage of diabetes mellitus 2 type.

Prediabetes is a pathological condition of the endocrine system in which there is a systematic rise in blood sugar. In women, this disease is manifested by increased irritability, dry mucous membranes, itching of the skin, thirst and frequent urination.

A distinctive feature of prediabetes is that the glucose level in the patient's body is higher than normal, but still not so high for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. At this stage of the violation of carbohydrate metabolism, normalization of blood sugar is possible. Otherwise, the symptoms of the disease will progress, leading to the development of irreversible complications.

Prediabetes Videos

Prediabetes: