1 Features of the course of the disease

Duodenitis of the surface type can be distal and proximal. The distal form of the disease is the easiest;it is characterized by minor changes in the mucosa and is well treatable. The main cause of the inflammatory process in the duodenum is exacerbation of gastritis. In this case, treatment begins with the removal of symptoms of gastritis, and only then drugs are prescribed to combat the inflammatory process.

Proximal duodenitis is a chronic form of the disease, in which changes in the mucous membrane become more severe, and as a result of inflammation, deep folds are formed. In the absence of proper treatment, spikes often appear on the affected areas of the intestine, which can only be removed surgically. Patients with chronic superficial duodenitis should be under the constant supervision of a doctor, so they must be hospitalized, and in a hospital they undergo a full course of treatment.

Superficial duodenitis occurs with periodic remission and exacerbation.

To achieve a stable remission, you need not only treatment, but also a strict diet. During this period, the patient is completely unaware of the symptoms, but if he breaks the diet, the inflammatory process will again manifest itself. As for the exacerbation, this is the most difficult time, since all the symptoms manifest with a vengeance, especially night pain, so the patient is forced to constantly take painkillers.

2 Causes and manifestations of the disease

Inflammation of the duodenal mucosa can be triggered by various factors, for example:

• malnutrition;
• long-term stress and nervous condition;
• chronic inflammatory processes in the organs of the digestive system;
• infectious diseases of the digestive tract;
• hormonal imbalance;
• individual predisposition.

Symptoms of superficial duodenitis can be similar to manifestations of other ailments of the digestive system, therefore, to establish an accurate diagnosis you need to undergo a complete examination. There are several main aspects that are typical for inflammation of the mucous membrane, the manifestation of which should become for the patient an occasion for immediate consultation with a specialist:

• a feeling of pain and discomfort in the hypochondrium after each meal;
• general malaise and state of apathy;
• prolonged stool disorder;
• lack of appetite.

The symptomatology of the disease varies depending on the stage: remission or exacerbation. For example, for the period of remission, minor pulling pains in the navel area, general weakness, acidity in the stomach after eating and headaches are characteristic. During an exacerbation, fever, nausea and vomiting, excessive sweating and acute pain in the area of ​​the stomach or navel can occur. Exact clarification of the type and stage of the disease is carried out by a full examination of the gastrointestinal tract. If these symptoms occur, it is strongly advised not to resort to self-management, sinceit can aggravate the disease.

3 Therapeutic tactic

The treatment of the superficial form of duodenitis is carried out through not only medications, but also a special diet. It is important to follow the doctor's recommendations exactly, becauseotherwise, an exacerbation may occur. The purpose of medications depends on the causes that provoked the inflammatory process. For example, if duodenitis develops against the background of an infectious disease, then first of all, detoxification and antibacterial therapy, as well as reception of enterosorbents, are prescribed. If the cause of the disease is chronic gastritis, then the treatment course will be drugs that protect the mucous membrane of the duodenum and stomach. With gastritis caused by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori, the patient will have to undergo a course of eradication therapy to eliminate the source of the disease.

During a period of exacerbation of duodenitis, one should observe peace and refrain from taking a large volume of fluid. In addition, doctors recommend to reduce meals, and on the first day and completely abandon it. To eliminate severe pain, antispasmodics are prescribed. If the patient has nausea and vomiting, the medication will be administered intramuscularly, since oral administration can cause even more harm to the stomach.

Inpatient treatment lasts until the patient's health improves. After the stage of exacerbation has passed, it is allowed to continue treatment at home. In order to achieve a stable remission, it is necessary to comply with all the doctor's recommendations, observe bed rest and be protected from stress.

4 Nutritional rules

In inflammation of the duodenal mucosa, in addition to the course of treatment, the patient must adhere to a diet to improve the state of the digestive system and prevent the further development of the disease. The patient must observe the following rules:

1. The food should be fractional, with an interval of 4-5 hours. The size of one serving should correspond to the volume of two folded palms.
2. Dishes are steamed or boiled, without the use of spices and condiments.
3. It is forbidden to eat fatty, sweet and floury.
4. The amount of fresh vegetables consumed should be reduced, as they can negatively affect the gastric mucosa. Allowed to eat boiled and stewed vegetables.
5. Products containing a large amount of acid and salt, as well as smoked and pickled, must be completely excluded from the diet.
6. Seafood, seafood and dietary meat are allowed.
7. You can eat porridge, especially in the morning, but not oatmeal.
8. Completely eliminate black tea, coffee, alcohol, sweet fizzy drinks and cigarettes.

During the first 11 days after diagnosis, the patient can eat the following:

• liquid porridges cooked on water;
• no more than 3 eggs, hard-boiled;
• vegetable soups ground to a uniform state;
• oatmeal or fruit and berry jelly, but not from sour fruits;
• 1-2 pieces of wheat bread a day;
• 1 liquid omelette per day, steamed.

From the 12th day of treatment, the patient is allowed to add fish, lean meats and soups on meat broth to the ration. In addition, you can drink decoctions of herbs, such as chamomile, or cholagogue and stomach supplies.

Subject to all recommendations, the patient will quickly recover and will be able to achieve a stable remission. It is important to carefully monitor your health and listen to the body, and in case of pain, discomfort or other symptoms, you should immediately contact a specialist. It is strictly forbidden to take any medications on your own without consulting a doctor.this can further damage the duodenum.