The laparoscopic operation of varicocele is considered a safe surgical intervention. Many modern medical centers widely use this method to eliminate stages 2 and 3 of the disease. Laparoscopy has many advantages. Also, it does not cause significant complications and allows the patient to recover quickly.
It should be known that varicocele should be treated at any stage of development. If the patient does not visit a specialist for a long time, the disease can lead to the death of the sex gland. In this case, the man becomes sterile. To prevent this complication, you need to know the signs of this disease.
Characteristic symptoms of the disease
Varicocele in most men occurs in a latent form. Due to this peculiarity of the disease, patients are late seeking medical help.
The disease occurs in three stages. In order to timely calculate it, you need to know its main symptoms.
The first stage varicocele has no obvious signs. Attention in this case must be given to the scrotum. In a standing position, the patient experiences the omission of one of the gonads. Often the left gland changes its position. When you change the pose, the external sign of the ailment disappears. At this stage, it is recommended to palpate the scrotum.
In the first stage, the testes do not change their normal shape. The average size of the gland is 3-4 cm. If a person feels the change in the sensation of an organ, such as slight soreness, a malformation, an irregular shape, round small inclusions behind the testicle, he needs help. Such signs indicate the initial stage of the disease.
The first changes occur in the vesicular vascular bundle. This plexus is necessary for a man to deliver blood to the testicles. Lozovidny beam helps the blood circulate around the glands. He is also responsible for the reverse flow of fluid into the venous bundles. When varicocele on one of the sections of the vascular plexus is formed a stretch of stretched tissue. On this site, the blood enters the resulting pocket and does not reach the testicles. The first stage of varicocele is accompanied by the appearance of a pathological site.
In the second stage, the man has additional symptoms. Because of a lack of oxygen coming from the blood, the iron stops functioning normally. The patient has such signs of disease as:
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tenderness in the perineum; - a feeling of heaviness in the scrotal sac;
- resizing one of the glands;
- problems with erection.
At this stage the disease has obvious symptoms. The main problem for the patient is soreness in the perineum. This phenomenon does not allow the patient to carry out the usual actions. There are also problems with the erectile function. Poor blood supply to the testicles causes a decrease in their activity. The production of sex cells deteriorates. Lack of spermatozoa can be detected with difficulties with conception in a young family.
The third stage of varicocele leads to pathological changes in the testicles. If the patient is not helped, there is atrophy of the gland. This process can lead a man to infertility.
Causes of ailment
Many doctors can not exactly answer the question of how varicocele appears. There are several reasons that are considered indirect:
- damage to blood vessels as a result of trauma;
- is a hereditary disease;
- lack of certain trace elements in the body;
- malfunctions in some systems.
Thinning of the vascular tissue may result from damage. This changes the structure of the beam. As a result of injury, collagen is washed out of the tissue. On the damaged area appears a tissue that does not have elasticity. There is a formation of a pocket. The pocket is gradually filled with blood. Under the pressure of the liquid, a vascular node is formed. If the disease develops for a long time, several knots form on the vessel.
Many men suffering varicocele, have relatives with this ailment. In this case, experts say about the hereditary form of the disease. Such patients are recommended to feel the scrotum regularly for venous nodules.
The disease can also occur under the influence of hypovitaminosis. Many trace elements entering the body with food are necessary to form the walls of the vessel. The main building material for blood vessels is collagen. He is responsible for such properties of the fabric as: flexibility and elasticity. If a man consumes an insufficient amount of collagen, there are pathological changes in the tissue. Vessels change their structure, become less plastic and flexible. Thanks to this process, a man can develop varicocele.
It should be understood that the cause of varicocele may be a malfunction in the operation of various systems. The ailment is accompanied by a malfunction of the hormonal background, vascular and muscular system. To determine what problems have arisen in the body, it is necessary to conduct an additional examination of the patient.
How to fix the problem
Varicocele therapy depends on the degree of the disease and its prevalence on the vascular bundle. At the first stage, the disease is well amenable to drug treatment. Preparations are selected by a specialist. The choice depends on the presence of sensitivity and various diseases in the patient's anamnesis.
The main treatment is carried out by surgical treatment. There are several operations that effectively eliminate the problem. These operations include the following methods of exposure:
- embolization effect;
- general surgery;
- laparoscopic operation.
Initially, general surgical intervention was used to eliminate varicocele. The operation consisted of a complete dissection of the scrotal sac. Damaged vessels were excised, seams were applied to the damaged tissue. But this impact has a number of side effects. Such patients often have a relapse of the disease. The risk of complications to other organs during the operation is also increased. Problems arose when the patient was restored. For a complete return to the usual lifestyle, the patient needed several months. A dangerous complication of an open surgery is the development of infertility of the second degree. This type of infertility is accompanied by a significant decrease in the number of healthy spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Gradually the use of this method was reduced to a minimum.
Many clinics use laparoscopic surgery and embolization. These methods have a number of similarities. These types of exposure do not harm internal organs. Restoration of the patient occurs quickly. There is also a rare development of complications. But there are certain differences.
How is the surgical procedure
Laparoscopic surgery is performed by many modern doctors. It does not require long preparation from the patient.
A few hours before the patient's exposure, it is recommended to stop eating food and water. This will help reduce the risk of complications during anesthesia.
Laparoscopy is performed through three point incisions on the abdominal area of the male. The main incision, intended for the microchamber, is done under the umbilical zone. It introduces a thin tube, at the end of which the camera is located. It allows the doctor to see where surgery is required.
Two incisions are made along the sides of the lower part of the peritoneum. Through these holes are introduced medical instruments. On the screen, the doctor identifies a site that has several nodes. On both sides of the node the vessel is squeezed by clamps. The knot is completely excised by the laser. The edges of the vessel are fastened with special staples made of medical metal. Due to this feature, laparoscopy does not allow the bundle to re-grow. This leads to a decrease in the number of relapses. There are no more than 3% of men who have the disease returned.
After the fastening, the doctor attaches the affected area to the wall of a healthy vessel. Blood is sent to the organ through the outflow. After the operation, small cosmetic sutures are applied to the holes. After complete healing, there are no visible traces on the peritoneum.
In general, the entire laparoscopic operation lasts no more than 30-40 minutes. A short anesthetic is used to anesthetize the patient. Such anesthesia does not have significant negative effects on the cerebral cortex. After the operation, the man quickly returns to his senses. Complete disappearance of traces of anesthesia occurs after 1-2 hours. Workability to the patient returns for 3-4 days. Sexual function is restored after 6 days. Complete disappearance of traces from laparoscopic surgery occurs in 2 weeks.
Positive aspects of surgical intervention
Laparoscopic surgery has many positive aspects. The main advantage of this intervention is the rapid recovery of men. With laparoscopy, the return of full sexual function takes place during the first week. There is also a significant increase in healthy sperm. This quality of operation is used to improve conception.
The operation has a number of advantages due to short anesthesia. Many surgical interventions require efforts from the doctor. The prolonged impact of anesthesia on the cerebral cortex involves negative processes. For this reason, more than 3 anesthesia is not recommended during life. Laparoscopy is carried out in a short time. Violations in the work of nerve endings do not occur. The patient quickly returns to the usual way of life.
Laparoscopy allows you to quickly eliminate the ailment. Treatment with medicines and further rehabilitation therapy does not allow the patient to quickly get rid of the disease. Laparoscopic surgery entails rapid removal of the pathogenic portion of the vessel. After stapling the patient does not need additional medication. Antiseptic treatment is the only requirement for the patient.
This operation has a cosmetic plus. After laparoscopy, the holes for the camera and instrumentation are rapidly healed. On the abdominal cavity appear small punctate scars, which gradually resolve. Most men undergoing laparoscopic surgery have no visible traces on the body.
If a man has noticed a negative change in the scrotal sac, you should visit a specialist. The doctor will determine the cause of soreness and ovulation of the testicle. The purpose of laparoscopy in this case is an effective method of combating varicocele. After surgery, the patient returns to normal life without loss from the reproductive system.
