Prednisolone in ampoules and tablets - instructions for use

Instructions for use Prednisolone indicates that this medium-duration hormonal drug intended for local and systemic usein the treatment of various severe pathologies and acute, life-threatening conditions.

Properties, description

Prednisolone is a synthetic analogue of the hormone hydrocortisone, which in the body is produced by the adrenal cortex. The drug exhibits the following therapeutic effect:

• fights inflammation;
• fixes shock states;
• prevents the release of exudate;
• shows an antitoxic effect;
• has an immunosuppressive effect.

Prednisolone prevents the development of allergic reactions. In the event that unwanted reactions have already manifested, you can quickly stop unpleasant symptoms, eliminate itching, redness and rashes. The drug is able to suppress inflammation, relieve swelling, have anti-shocks, which helps to avoid serious complications and reduce the likelihood of death.

The drug is prescribed for severe pathologies and dangerous conditions, accompanied by a strong inflammatory process, bronchospasm, abundant exudation. Prednisolon prevents the development of edema, suppresses the growth of cells in the damaged area, prevents the formation of scar tissue.

In clinical practice, all the therapeutic effects of hormonal agents( except for immunosuppressive, directed to artificial suppression of immunity) are important. This property of the drug is considered as an adverse reaction. The advantage of synthetic hormone is that the effect of its use develops in 5-7 minutes, which allows you to quickly eliminate spasm of the airways, swelling and normalize the patient's condition.

Additionally, Prednisolone exhibits the following properties:

• activates protein metabolism in the liver;
• increases the concentration of glucose in the blood;
• reduces the concentration of protein in plasma and tissues due to activation of its decay;
• interferes with the absorption of potassium in the intestine;
• reduces convulsive activity;
• promotes the redistribution of fat, as a result of which it is deposited on the face and around the shoulder girdle;
• exerts a stimulating effect on the brain;
• retains sodium and liquid in the body;
• inhibits the production of thyroid-stimulating hormones and its own hydrocortisone, produced by the adrenal glands.

Similar properties of the drug are the basis of the side effects that occur during treatment, so they need to be adequately evaluated and taken into account in the background of Prednisolone therapy.

Forms of the drug

The pharmaceutical industry produces a hormonal drug in several forms:

• Tablets Prednisolone( 1 mg and 5 mg);
• Prednisolone in ampoules 30 mg / ml( injection solution);
• eye drops( 0.5%);
• ointment prednisolone( 0,5%).

Prednisolone is produced by various pharmaceutical companies, respectively, the same form of the preparation, in addition to the main component, can contain various auxiliary substances. Therefore, before using the medication, you need to carefully study the composition and the insert with instructions, which detail all the components of the drug.

Indications

Prednisolone is prescribed for the treatment of severe diseases accompanied by dangerous symptoms. The ointment form helps with skin diseases, drops are used in ophthalmic practice, solution and tablets are used for pathological processes in internal organs, allergic manifestations, autoimmune diseases.

Tablets and intravenous injections of prednisolone are prescribed for the treatment of the following pathologies:

• inflammatory joint damage in acute and chronic form;
• systemic connective tissue diseases;
• allergic diseases acute and chronic;
• edema of the brain;
• diseases of the hematopoiesis system;
• skin diseases( psoriasis, eczema, neurodermatitis, dermatitis);
• lung disease;
• autoimmune kidney damage;
• Inflammatory eye diseases( uveitis, optic neuritis of the eye nerve);
• pathology of the endocrine system( thyroiditis);
• ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
• chronic inflammatory diseases of the liver( hepatitis of various etiologies).

Tablets Prednisolone may be prescribed to relieve the condition in the treatment of cytostatics, with myeloma, as a means to prevent organ and tissue rejection after transplantation.

The main indications for prescribing intravenous and / or intravenous injections of Prednisolone are:

• severe bronchial asthma;
• acute allergic reactions accompanied by massive edema, bronchospasm, painful, itchy rashes;
• thyrotoxic crisis;
• shock states of various genesis( traumatic, burn, cardiogenic, toxic, anaphylactic);
• edema of the brain;
• adrenal or hepatic insufficiency in acute form, hepatic coma;
• myocardial infarction;
• intoxication with acetic essence or alkali.

Prednisolone solution is also used for the introduction of the inside of a patient's joint with rheumatism, arthrosis, polyarthritis or osteoarthritis of large joints.

Prednisolon ointment is used for the treatment of dermatitis( atopic, allergic, seborrheic), eczema, depriving, psoriasis, neurodermatitis. Assign this remedy for alopecia( baldness), manifestations of toxicodermia, lupus erythematosus, are used as part of the complex treatment of tendovaginitis, bursitis, sciatica.

Eye drops are used in ophthalmology for inflammatory diseases of non-infectious nature eyes( iritah, uveitis, iridocyclitis, conjunctivitis, including allergic nature, keratitis, blepharitis).Used for inflammation of the eyes caused by surgery or trauma.

As you can see, the list of conditions under which Prednisolone is applied is very extensive. In general, the drug in a tablet form is used to treat chronic diseases, while injections are done to relieve acute conditions that increase the risk of serious complications or life-threatening.

How to apply?

The annotation to the drug indicates that the dosage of Prednisolone and the treatment regimen is selected by the doctor, taking into account the type of pathology, the severity of the symptoms, the general condition of the patient and possible contraindications.

How to take Prednisolone?

Treatment Prednisolone is administered strictly according to the indications and under the supervision of a physician. It is recommended to take a daily dose of Prednisolone once, preferably in the morning( from 6 to 8), immediately after breakfast. This is due to the circadian rhythms of secretion of glucocorticosteroids, which is most active in the morning hours, therefore, and the effectiveness of taking the drug at this time will be the best. Tablets should be swallowed whole and washed down with a small amount of liquid. If you do not get the medicine in the morning, you need to do this before 12 o'clock. Another option is to take most of the daily dose in the morning, the rest is up to 12 noon.

In the treatment of severe pathologies, the initial dose is 50 to 75 mg, as the condition improves, the dose is gradually reduced to 1-3 tablets per day. In the treatment of chronic conditions, the standard dosage of the drug is from 4 to 6 tablets per day.

When asked how many days to drink Prednisolone, doctors respond that the duration of taking the medicine depends on the type of pathology, the severity of the symptoms and the individual reaction of the patient to the drug. The standard course takes an average of 6 days, in some cases it can stretch for several weeks. As the condition improves, the dose is reduced by 5 mg every 2 days, bringing it to the minimum. Do not stop taking the drug sharply, so as not to cause withdrawal syndrome. In the minimum dose, prednisolone is recommended to take another 2 days and only then the medicine is finally canceled.

Injections

Intravenous injections make drip and jet. The jet injection is indicated for the relief of acute conditions, which allows a rapid therapeutic effect. After the crisis passes, the patient is put on a dropper. For this, prednisolone is mixed with saline and injected into the vein at a rate of 15 drops per minute.

Intramuscular injections are done according to standard rules, i.e. injecting the solution into the buttock area or upper third of the shoulder, pretreating the skin with an antiseptic. Dosage of the drug and the duration of the course of treatment for different conditions is determined by a specialist.

Eye drops

In acute conditions, the solution is instilled into the conjunctival sac after 2 hours( 1-2 drops).As the condition improves, the eyes are buried after 6 hours, then they switch to three times a day. After surgery, Prednisolone can be instilled in the eyes 3-5 days after surgery.

Ointment Prednisolone

The ointment form of the drug can be used for no more than 14 days, applying a thin layer on the affected areas up to 3 times a day. When the positive result is reached, the drug is immediately stopped. Do not apply prednisolone ointment under the dressing, since this way of use can provoke excessive penetration of active substances into the bloodstream and cause systemic side reactions.

Prednisolone for children

Prednisolone is a powerful hormone that often causes unwanted side effects during use. The question naturally arises, is it possible to take Prednisolone for children?

The dosage of the medication for the child the physician must calculate individually, taking into account the age and severity of the condition. The therapeutic dose of Prednisolone in tableted form is calculated from the ratio of 1-2 mg / kg, the maintenance dose is 0.25-0.5 mg / kg.

For injections, the dosage is based on the age and weight of the child and is 3 mg / kg for babies from 2 months to 1 year and 2 mg / kg for children from 1 year to 14 years. When cupping acute conditions, the drug is administered intramuscularly, very slowly, for 3 minutes. If there is a need, then after half an hour, the solution can be re-administered in the same dose.

Tablets and injections to children are prescribed only in case of acute necessity, when attempts to treat severe pathology with other medications do not give a result or life-threatening conditions arise. In doing so, use the drug following a discontinuous schedule( three days of admission / four days of interruption).With this treatment, the risk of stopping the growth and development of the child decreases.

Ointment and eye drops are used in the same doses as in the treatment of adult patients. It should be avoided applying ointment under the bandage, so as not to create conditions for excessive absorption of the drug in the blood.

Contraindications

For systemic use of Prednisolone for a short period of time and for vital indications, the only limitation is hypersensitivity to the active substance and other components. In other cases, the doctor must take into account the conditions under which the use of hormonal drugs is prohibited.

Tablets, IM, IV, and intraarticular injections can not be administered under the following conditions:

• active phase of viral, fungal, bacterial infection( chicken pox, systemic mycoses, tuberculosis, etc.);
• ulcerative lesions of the gastrointestinal tract;
• arterial hypertension;
• heart failure( chronic), myocardial infarction in the anamnesis;
• diabetes mellitus;
• endocrine pathologies( hypothyroidism, thyrotoxicosis, high-grade obesity);
• renal or hepatic insufficiency in severe form, kidney stones;
• osteoporosis, poliomyelitis;
• of the state of immunodeficiency;
• period before vaccine administration and after vaccination;Myasthenia gravis
• ;
• acute mental conditions;
• foci of infection in the joint;
• tissue necrosis;
• previously transferred arthroplasty;
• increased bleeding;
• instability of joints, osteoarthritis.

The ointment form of the drug is prohibited for use in skin lesions, if the pathogens are fungi, bacteria, viruses, cutaneous tuberculosis and syphilis, the tumor process, the presence of acne.

Drops can not be prescribed for purulent, viral or fungal lesions of the eyes, damage to the cornea, including after removal of a foreign object, glaucoma, eye tuberculosis.

The general contraindication to the use of a hormonal remedy is the period of pregnancy and lactation. Prescription of Prednisolonum during pregnancy is permissible only for vital indications, as the medicine shows a teratogenic effect. The active substances of the drug are able to penetrate into the mother's milk. Therefore, breastfeeding at the time of treatment is discontinued, the child is transferred to artificial mixtures.

Side effects of

Like most hormonal drugs, Prednisilone can cause serious side effects:

Cardiovascular and hematopoietic system - increased blood pressure, problems with blood clotting, thrombosis. There is the appearance of arrhythmia, bradycardia( up to cardiac arrest), weakness, fatigue.

Metabolism - increased blood sugar, edema due to water and sodium retention, decreased potassium volume, weight gain.

Endocrine system - delayed development and growth in children, adrenal insufficiency, Cushing's syndrome, exacerbation of diabetes mellitus, malfunction of the menstrual cycle.

Digestive system - nausea, bouts of vomiting, flatulence, hiccough, anorexia. In rare cases, erosive and ulcerative processes develop, gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis.

Nervous system - high intracranial pressure, migraine, dizziness, blurred vision, increased sweating. In severe cases - insomnia, disorientation in space, convulsions, hallucinations, manifestations of manic-depressive psychosis.

Skin covers - slow healing of lesions, skin thinning and atrophy, erythema, pigmentation change, abscess, acne appearance. At allergic reactions - displays of a dermatitis, rashes on a skin, a hyperemia. In severe cases - anaphylactic shock.

The use of ointment can provoke a burning sensation, itching, irritation, excessive dryness and atrophy of the skin, causing excessive hair.

The use of eye drops can be accompanied by such side effects as increased intraocular pressure, optic nerve damage, reduced visual acuity and narrowing of the visual fields, pain in the eyes, increased risk of corneal perforation and attachment of viral and fungal infections.

Analogues of

Structural analogs of prednisolone according to the active ingredient are the following preparations:

• Decortin;
• Medomobred;
• Prednisolone Nycomed;
• Prednizolon Ferein;
• Sol-Decortin.

The cost of preparation

The average prices for Prednisolone in pharmacies are as follows:

Tablets Prednisolone 5 mg( 100 pcs.) - from 120 rubles;

Prednisolone in ampoules( 25pcs) - from 280 rubles;

Ointment prednisolone( 10g) - from 35 rubles

Eye drops( 10ml) - from 60 rubles.

Reviews

Reviews about Prednisolone are the most controversial. Many patients note the effectiveness of this remedy in severe diseases or in life-threatening situations, but at the same time, they speak of a large number of side effects. With prolonged use, the drug provokes withdrawal syndrome, therefore, it should be gradually phased out, gradually reducing the dose.

Inna, Kurgan

Anna, Norilsk

Anton, Morshansk