1 Diseases that are treated by specialist

Certainly, the proctologist treats a lot of different diseases, but there are a lot of them, so the most common ones are listed below:

• hemorrhoids;
• anal cracks;
• diarrhea;
• ulcerative formations;
• inflammatory processes in the intestinal mucosa;
• any formation in the intestine;
• paraproctitis;
• malignant formation;
• prolapse of the intestine.

Not so long ago, such a doctor diagnosed and treated only rectum, now the scope of his activities has expanded, and at the moment the proctologist treats all parts of the intestine and organs that are adjacent to him.

Proctology is a therapeutic branch of medicine, which is responsible for various intestinal poisonings, infectious processes and parasitic infestations. Surgical proctology deals with operative treatment of the intestine, when it is ineffective and inexpedient to treat with therapeutic methods.

2 Indications for examination

A visit to the proctologist is mandatory if:

• the patient is suffering for a long time because of diarrhea or constipation;
• if an unpleasant sensation occurs in the anus, especially if it's severe pain;
• if the rectum has lost its elasticity and falls out of the anus;
• if after the act of defecation there is blood;
• if there are secretions from the anus;
• if reddening of soft tissues in the anus is observed and the presence of a foreign body is felt in the anus;
• if the patient senses that the intestinal mucosa is irritated.

In addition, proctologist services may be needed for pregnant women and young mothers in order to carry out a correctionsome defects associated with physiological processes. During pregnancy and immediately after childbirth, there are problems with the stool that are characteristic of hemorrhoids.

Women who start menopause also have a consultation with the proctologist, because the hormonal processes that take place during this period in the female body can provoke diseases in this area.

A visit to a doctor-proctologist should be periodically applied to people who are overweight and obese, as well as those who, by their profession, spend a lot of time in a sitting position. As for children, they need consultation of a proctologist in the same cases as adults. If the act of defecation causes crying in a child, then he too should be examined by a proctologist.

3

examination process After talking with the patient and finding out the reasons for his anxiety, the doctor can ask the patient to sit on a special chair, then he examines the anus for hemorrhoids and other pathologies. At superficial visual inspection the doctor can find out condylomas, papillomavirus, perianal dermatitis, external hemorrhoids, anal fissures, fistulas and formations on the outside of the anus.

After this, the doctor needs to determine the state of the sphincter, for this he must feel it. With a finger examination, he can detect tumors in the rectum, hemorrhoids of internal localization, weak sphincter muscles, ulcers, deposits on the walls of the lower intestine, as well as the condition of the ovaries and uterus.

If necessary, the doctor will examine the problem area with the help of tools. It can be an anoscopy or a colonoscopy, these procedures need preparation, and in the first reception it is hardly possible.

The simplest study using instruments is an anoscopy, it is performed using an anoscope. It is injected into the rectum and the doctor can see what is happening in it at a depth of up to 15 cm. If a painful sensation occurs, the patient is given a local anesthetic. If there are inflammations in the anorectal area, anoscopy can not be carried out, since besides the increased sensitivity of the mucosa, bad patency will also occur, which will adversely affect the process of introducing the anoscope. With the help of a sigmoidoscope, the doctor can examine the intestine to a depth of up to 40 cm. The device is a tube with illumination, it is injected into the patient's knee-elbow position without anesthesia.

The most modern study of the intestine is a colonoscopy. This study allows you to identify any diseases of the intestine throughout its entire length. Conducted with local anesthesia. In addition to the diagnostic examination, the procedure allows you to take some tests and perform small surgical interventions, such as moxibustion. In particularly severe and neglected cases, the patient is given general anesthesia.

4 How to prepare for a proctologic examination?

Modern medicine is able to cure many diseases, and proctology is no exception. But a favorable prognosis of the diseases largely depends on how timely the patient turned to the doctor and how adequate the treatment was. Reception at the proctologist lasts no more than an hour, and here preparation for survey will borrow or occupy more time. The essence of preparation is the complete and correct cleansing of the intestine.

Before the first hike in the clinic, no special preparations are needed, the main thing is to prepare mentally and make an appointment. You will tell the doctor what is bothering you, and he will explain to you what you need to do to prepare for the examination procedure. Most often this is the exclusion from the diet of certain foods and the cleansing of the intestines with the help of laxatives or enemas. A few days before the examination, it is undesirable to drink carbonated drinks. If you are very much afraid to go to a proctologist, take a sedative or read reviews of patients who have already undergone this procedure and have found nothing wrong with it.

For those who are very shy, there are special disposable panties for instrumental examination of the proctologist, they have a hole in the required place. It is important to understand that a proctologic examination is an absolutely safe and at the same time very informative procedure. Patients tolerate it calmly, and the information that is obtained in this case is necessary for an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.