Sperm production is an important process in the body of a man. Any violations in the formation of semen should be discussed with the attending physician. If the patient does not turn to a specialist in time, the risk of developing various complications increases. The most dangerous of the complications is infertility. Not all forms of this pathology can be treated.
The composition of the ejaculate
The process of sperm production is possible due to the work of the gonads. The development is performed by the prostate gland and testicles. Eggs are a paired organ responsible for the production of spermatozoa. The number of sex cells in each man individually. When studying the composition of sperm, experts assess the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the ejaculate. A healthy person in sperm contains more than 70% of active and properly formed germ cells.
Secret, produced in the prostate gland, is the basis of the seminal fluid. It has certain properties. Two criteria are evaluated: viscosity and acidity. Viscosity of seminal fluid has the property to vary depending on the environment in which it is located. When the ejaculate passes through the vas deferens, a strong dilution occurs. This helps the fluid to quickly pass the path and maintain the necessary temperature to maintain the viability of the sperm.
If the fluid enters the female genitalia, several other changes take place. In the vagina, the sperm retains its fluidity. When the cervix passes, the seminal fluid becomes viscous. This quality is necessary to preserve a large number of germ cells capable of qualitative fertilization. In the uterus, the sperm becomes liquid again. This form allows the fluid to quickly pass the fallopian tubes and get to the female egg.
Also the secret is studied for acidity. Acidity is necessary to maintain the viability of spermatozoa in the female genital organs. A normal sperm environment is considered alkaline.
This quality helps spermatozoa not die in the female reproductive system. If the acidity of the environment is increased, the sperm die before reaching the cervix. This factor is used in medicine to create local contraceptives. In a healthy male, the indices should not be higher or lower than 7,7-8.If the figures of the analysis do not match, then it is necessary to search for the cause of the pathology.
Also, the volume is taken into account when producing sperm. The amount of fluid ejected from the vas deferens is different for all men. A single digit does not exist. The norm is the volume of the ejaculate from 2 ml to 10 ml. It depends on the frequency of sexual intercourse and the work of the prostate gland.
Pathology in spermatogenesis
The production of seminal fluid does not always proceed normally. There are a number of pathologies that accompany this process. The following phenomena can occur in a man:
- Azoospermia;
- Oligozoospermia;
- Necrospermia;
- Polyspermy.
Azoospermia is a severe pathological process that develops due to the action of various pathological factors. Pathology is characterized by the absence of germ cells in seminal fluid. This is due to the disruption of the testicles and the hormonal system.
Oligozoospermia is accompanied by a decrease in the content of spermatozoa in the ejaculate. Sperm does not change the external characteristics. The man does not have any additional symptoms.
Necrospermia is also considered a serious modification of sperm. Pathology is revealed in the study of spermogram. A large number of dead cells are found in the semen. Dead sperm lead to the absence of conception and other ailments.
Polyspermy is rare in men. This change is accompanied by the formation of a large volume of sperm and a small number of germ cells. Also, pathology can cause inconvenience to its owner. In some cases, the pathology occurs in conjunction with spermatherapy. In this case, a man constantly observes the excretion of sperm from the urinary tract. This phenomenon does not depend on the presence of an erection.
Also in men, aspermatism is diagnosed. Sexual contact does not lead to sperm secretion. Ejaculate during sexual intercourse is absent. In the study, the presence of sperm can be determined to urine. There is such a process in the presence of scarring or narrowing of the vas deferens. The fluid ejaculates through the sphincter into the bladder. Harm it does not have a bubble on the microflora, but pathology needs to be eliminated.
In sperm production, a change in the quality of the secret can also occur. He can change the environment to an acid. In this case, all viable germ cells die. Necrospermia is observed. Pathology arises because of the presence in the urogenital system of various inflammatory processes.
Various inclusions in sperm can be revealed. When the light color of the liquid changes to yellow, suppuration occurs in the genito-urinary organs. Pus affects the quality of seminal fluid. In rare cases, blood is found in the sperm. If this situation occurs one time, then the alarm should not be beat. If blood is always present, examination and further therapy are required.
Causes of pathological spermatogenesis
Ejaculate production is accompanied by various factors that can affect the quality of its components. Factors are divided into two main groups:
- External;
- Internal.
External factors affect the functioning of various body systems. In the presence of abnormalities in the psychoemotional background, there may be a violation of sperm production. Such violations are revealed in men who are exposed to stress and negative emotions. Stress causes an increase in the production of adrenaline in the blood. Adrenaline blocks the production of testosterone. The hormone ceases to participate in the formation of the secret of the sperm and regulates the work of the testicles. This affects the development of a variety of disorders in the production of sperm.
To external negative factors is the constant wearing of tight underwear. This cut shorts causes overheating of the scrotum. It involves the death of sperm. Modern doctors recommend wearing panties that have a loose cut and are made of natural materials.
A constant visit to the bath also has a negative effect on sperm production. Sharp temperature changes cause a violation of spermatogenesis. Spermatozoa die, the secret becomes viscous. Such seminal fluid is not suitable for conception.
The patient's lifestyle should be considered. Men who have sedentary work are more prone to disruption of the reproductive system. This phenomenon occurs due to stagnant processes in the small pelvis. Stagnation is accompanied by a decrease in trophic nutrition of tissues. Blood does not reach the organs in sufficient quantities, oxygen starvation occurs. Cells stop working normally, the formation of new cells slows down.
The presence of male habits also affects the production of seminal fluid. Spermatozoa have an increased sensitivity to alcohol-containing beverages. Alcohol molecules cause death of germ cells. The development of healthy spermatozoa is thereby impaired.
Internal factors depend on various diseases. Pathological processes taking place in the genitals are accompanied by failures in sperm production. Particularly dangerous are diseases that have emerged due to pathogens. Various infections cause necrosis of the tissues of the organ in which the bacteria have settled. Such pathologies include bacterial prostatitis. The presence of infection in the prostate gland entails a violation of its basic functions. The male has a change in the volume and color of the ejaculate. The cause of the pathological process can only be determined by careful medical diagnosis.
Changes in sperm production can occur under the influence of the hormonal system. Hormonal failure is often accompanied by a decrease in testosterone production. Testosterone is the main male hormone. He is responsible for the formation of sexual characteristics and the sexual sphere. If its amount changes, spermatogenesis is also disturbed.
How to install the seminal fluid
For the study of sperm for qualitative and quantitative characteristics a spermogram is used. This analysis allows you to accurately determine the number of live healthy spermatozoa and the secret properties of the seminal fluid. Spermogramma is carried out only on fresh ejaculate. The analysis is collected no more than 20 minutes prior to the study. This condition helps to preserve the sperm initial data.
Also for the spermogram the man needs to be prepared. It is not recommended to drink alcohol for a few days before the analysis. The break must be at least 4 days before the examination. It is necessary to observe sexual rest. Sexual life is contraindicated for 5 days. This condition must be observed. The viability of spermatozoa does not exceed this range. If the sexual act takes place, the analysis will be uninformative. Preparation must begin again.
The production of semen may be disturbed by various pathological causes. Only specialists can establish the reasons. Carrying out of careful research will allow to timely eliminate the disease, and normalize spermatogenesis.
