1 The main causes of

The main symptoms of this disease are mucosal damage, while the length of anal fissures can be up to 20 mm, usually such tears appear on the front and back walls.

As indicated by proctologists, this pathology is the reason why they are most often treated by patients.

If we talk about all diseases of the rectum, the anal fissures are 10-20% of their total number. Who is most predisposed to this disease? A similar pathology is mainly diagnosed in women aged 25-40 years.

Causes of anal fissure appearance:

• if a person leads an inactive way of life, then a blood stasis occurs in his small pelvis, as blood circulation is disturbed;
• sedentary work and spending a lot of time on the toilet can trigger an anal fissure;
• anal sex and frequent constipation can cause trauma, which will cause the formation of anal fissures;
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• if a person has hemorrhoids, the presence of knots causes weakening of the walls of the passage;during the emptying of the intestine they are injured, which also leads to the formation of anal fissures;
• women have the features of the structure of the body, so they have a weak point of the anal opening is its anterior part, this is where women often have an anal fissure;
• if there are changes in the work of the nervous system, there may be disturbances( prolonged spasm of the sphincter), this leads to the formation of anal fissures;
• usually this disease occurs not one by one, but immediately for several reasons.

2 Species of this pathology

There are several types of anal fissures, they can be acute or chronic. If the rupture has appeared unexpectedly, for example, after prolonged constipation, it usually takes several days to self-heal such anal fissures.

If acute cracks in the rectum are not closed, and this may be due to their re-injury, they begin to expand, they get microbes, which leads to the formation of chronic anal fissures. They are characterized by the presence of dense walls. If you do not treat chronic anal fissure, then it does not close for several weeks, and sometimes months.

In childhood, the appearance of acute anal fissures is usually diagnosed, this is most often caused by constipation. The presence of a rupture will be indicated by pain in the anal area, when the act of defecation is performed, as well as blood in the bowel movement. After the chair in the child normalizes, in most cases everything passes by itself, without additional intervention by the doctor.

A crack in the anus in pregnant women is similar in symptoms to a disease such as hemorrhoids. In this period of life in women, anal fissure treatment is performed by softening the stool and preventing constipation.

3 Symptoms of the

Diagnosis The following symptoms will help to diagnose an anal fissure:

1. Appearance of pain in the indicated area. If this is an acute anal fissure, the pain will be severe, but it will not last long. Pain occurs only during the act of defecation and usually lasts 10-15 minutes after it.
2. In such cases, spasm of the sphincter is most often seen, while defecation is difficult and the person feels pain.
3. A small amount of blood may appear, usually during constipation, when dense stools come out.
4. Defecation is often difficult.
5. If this is a chronic anal fissure, the pain is not so sharp and it feels longer, during prolonged sitting, the pain can increase.
6. People start to fear the act of defecation, as it is associated with pain, and some begin to abuse laxatives.
7. About the chronic course of this disease will indicate bleeding from the rectum, pus may be released.

An anal fissure should be treated by a qualified physician, since it is quite difficult to distinguish it from hemorrhoids. In these cases, the symptoms are very similar. Both these diseases are caused by the same reasons.

Often patients begin to panic, taking an anal fissure, the symptoms of which are similar to other diseases, for cancer of the rectum. In order not to miss the moment of cancer development, treatment of hemorrhoids and cracks should be carried out only under the supervision of a proctologist.

Complications that may occur in this case are the presence of severe pain, inflammation, large bleeding, the appearance of fistula, the development of colitis and prostatitis.

4 Diagnostic methods

The doctor-proctologist can correctly diagnose the specified disease. The exact symptoms of anal fissure plus the use of several special techniques will help him. First, the specialist conducts an external examination, in most cases this will be enough. This pathology looks like a small ulcer of red color, which can be in the form of a line or a triangle.

It is possible to examine the rectum with the index finger, so the degree of spasm of the anus is determined. If the cracks are sharp, then a similar method is not used.

To perform a more accurate examination, you can use a sigmoidoscopy that allows you to examine the condition of the rectum to a depth of 30 cm. Anoscopy is used to examine the end section of the rectum.

The doctor after a full survey can determine whether such cracks are signs of other diseases - syphilis, AIDS, tuberculosis of the rectum, ulcerative colitis.

5 Methods of treatment

When deciding how to cure an anal fissure, an integrated approach will be effective, which includes not only the use of medicines, but also a diet, exercise and surgical intervention.

First, this patient needs to change his lifestyle, normalize the stool. It is necessary to limit the use of alcoholic beverages, salty, spicy, acidic dishes.

During the treatment, combined preparations are used in the form of ointments and suppositories, the most commonly used are Relief or Gepatrombin G. Candles are administered 1-2 times a day after defecation. Ointments are introduced into the rectum with the use of a special tip, it is in the packaging of such preparations.

Several times a day, patients who have anal fissures, it is recommended to take a warm bath in a sitting position, then you need to enter candles. If treatment with medication did not give a positive result after 14-16 days, the doctor decides on the use of the surgical method, during which the excision of part of the rectum. Usually, surgical intervention is indicated in the presence of chronic cracks.

Within 5-6 days after the operation, the wound completely heals. To prevent relapse as an additional measure, the doctor during the operation dissects the muscle fibers that close the passage. The operation is not the final stage of treatment, after that the area is treated with antiseptics, and after defecation it is necessary to carefully wash the toilet. Both after surgery, and in the future, the chair should be normal, that is, soft, there should not be both constipation and diarrhea.

If treatment is scheduled on time and it is performed by an experienced physician, in most cases the patient completely recovers.