Diagnostic Methods

Endoscopy of the intestine: what is it, how is the research going?

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1 Why is the procedure performed?

The endoscopy of the intestine is carried out using a device that consists of a soft tube( diameter 8-15 mm), LEDs, at the end of the device there are openings in order for air to come in and further research( biopsy) can be carried out.

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  • Thanks to the endoscope, it is possible to study the condition of not only the intestines but also the esophagus, stomach and 12-the rectum. These organs are visually inaccessible to fully identify the causes of a person's ailment. The small intestine has always been difficult to study, since its anatomical features did not allow this.

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    In modern medicine, a method has appeared that can conduct effective studies - capsular endoscopy. The method is simple - you need to take a capsule, which contains tiny instruments. It passes through all the organs of interest to the specialist, makes more than a hundred pictures and transmits the result by means of a signal. For this, there is a built-in transmitter in the capsule. After receiving all the information the doctor can not only determine the problem, but also study it in more detail. Diseases of the colon or rectum, too, have been little studied. Difficulties with diagnostics were noted abound.

    Endoscopic examination of the intestine is prescribed for such diseases and conditions as:

    • bleeding in the stomach or intestines;
    • the onset of pain in the abdomen, but the cause is not clear;
    • intestinal obstruction;
    • a suspicion or an obvious fact of the presence of a foreign body in the digestive tract;
    • ulcers or ulcerative colitis( Crohn's disease is included here);
    • loss of body weight with the presence of anemia or a prolonged temperature increase;
    • the necessity of confirming the presence of tumoral neoplasms, additionally carry out a biopsy;
    • check the condition of the disease and the effectiveness of the treatment regimen.

    2 Endoscopy forms

    Diagnostics is assigned by a specialist to determine the status of a particular zone, and to determine or confirm an alleged disease. When revealing diseases of the digestive tract can not be mistaken and allow miscalculations. Otherwise, an incorrectly prescribed treatment regimen can lead to death.

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    Endoscopy of the intestine has several standard methods of investigation:

    1. EFDGS, or esophagogastroduodenoscopy, helps in diagnosing and examining the following human organs: stomach, small intestine and esophagus. Since the name of the procedure is complex for perception, it is simply called "swallowing the bowel".With this manipulation of some patients vomiting, there are often cases of vomiting, so recommends refraining from eating. Before you enter the device, anesthetize the throat and slowly move the device through the esophagus until the gastroscopy does not enter the stomach, and then into the small intestine. The passage is about 30 cm. The duration is less than 5 minutes. If the patient is suspected of peptic ulcers, gastritis, bleeding, or oncology, then EFDGS can not be avoided.
    2. By means of a sigmoidoscope, the lower parts of the large intestine, rectum, and part of the sigmoid are examined. This procedure is called sigmoidoscopy and is performed through the anus. The depth of inspection will be no more than 35 cm. The duration is 5 minutes. The list of investigated diseases: neoplasms in the pelvic region, hemorrhoids, paraproctitis. It is possible to study and diagnose the male problem - swelling and ailments of the prostate gland.
    3. Clonoscopy is a similar procedure from the previous one, but it reveals problems with the following symptoms: stool discomfort, pain in the anus, various discharge with bloody or purulent impurities, inflammatory processes and prevention of tumoral neoplasms. The device used is very thin and capable of penetrating into the depth of the organ under study by 150 cm( as is known, the rectum and large intestine are large).
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    All three types of research allow not only to examine, diagnose or control the processes in the body - with their help there is an opportunity to conduct a biopsy of the diseased organ.

    3 Contraindications and preparation of

    Like other diagnostic methods, endoscopy has contraindications. Not always and not everyone can be assigned a similar diagnosis. Prohibition for this procedure can serve a number of diseases:

    • exacerbation of heart pathologies;
    • is a general malaise of a person who has a degree of severity above the average;
    • the last stages of hemorrhoids, paraproctitis;
    • oncology and some kinds of tumors of anus in a stage of an exacerbation.

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    These conditions are not absolute contraindications, and to save the life of the patient, doctors can apply the technique.

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    The preparatory process for the procedure is very important for the correct diagnosis and subsequent treatment. If the patient does not perform all the necessary measures( diet, refusal to eat before the procedure, etc.), the examination will be repeated until the specialists receive information that relates to the investigated disease.

    Prepare for the examination of the rectum and other organs in several stages. So a person will be somewhat easier morally and physically.

    Stages are as follows:

    1. The diet can be introduced gradually, but not immediately. So, in a few days you can remove from your diet unwanted foods that contain fiber in large quantities, which can cause bloating. To such people include cereals( buckwheat, pearl barley, oats), all kinds of beans and nuts, fresh vegetables and fruits. The liquid used has limitations. You can not drink milk and fizzy drinks, kvass. From the menu, all fried and smoked, sweet, fatty and spicy seasonings are excluded. To normalize the work of the intestine, fish dishes and white poultry meat, rabbit are introduced. From the liquid - coffee, tea and jelly( but not dairy).
    2. For 24 hours, it is necessary to start a complete cleaning of the intestine. The method is chosen by the person himself. It can be an enema or the use of various drugs that help clean up( strictly on the advice of a doctor).
    3. The procedure is usually prescribed in the morning( maximum 12 hours of the day).After waking up and until the moment of endoscopy, only the liquid( water or broth) is allowed.

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    4 How to avoid pain during

    Endoscopy of the intestine is performed in an unusual position: the patient should be either lying down, with legs pressed to the body, or on his knees, an emphasis in the elbows. After that, the anus is examined with your fingers. This is necessary to check if there are any obstacles to the introduction of the device. Further, the anus is lubricated with a gel, which helps to anesthetize the whole process.

    The device is slowly introduced using rotational movements and at the same time the air is blown. Visualization of actions is necessary in order to avoid injuries in the gut area. Nobody can know what to be inside, so all actions are slow and measured. Pumping air is a mandatory procedure, thus expanding the cavity of the body.

    Based on the process itself, the procedure can not be called pleasant, but also painful. With abnormalities or inflammatory processes in the gastrointestinal tract, pain may occur. Once a person has felt the pain, it is necessary to inform the doctor about it.

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    At once there is a question on an endoscopy of an intestine that this such and how much procedure can damage health. All types of research are safe, but there are complications that are expressed in the following:

    1. Possible perforation of the gut. This condition occurs if the patient resists, tries to strain and is restlessly behaving. Each sharp movement during the procedure can leave a trace in the gut in the form of a scratch or a hole.
    2. Allergy to anesthesia medication. Usually, before the procedure, a check is made on the substance that will be used.

    If the discomfort occurs during the procedure, the endoscopist will ask for deep breathing. Pain can occur during the operation( with the help of the device it is possible to carry out removal or biopsy).

    Endoscopy can be performed under anesthesia. This form is used after the appointment of a doctor. Typically, this manipulation is carried out for children under the age of 12 years, people with contraindications for health, but requiring urgent intervention. Pros - patient patient behavior, no unpleasant sensations. Cons - there is no way to determine the work of a specialist during manipulations.

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    5 The modern method: the pros and cons of

    For people who can not step over and tune into the procedure through the anus or throat, there is a more modern way. Capsular endoscopy has its positive and negative aspects.

    What is the uniqueness of the procedure? A person can calmly do his own business and not tolerate the invasion of a foreign body through the anal passage. It is necessary only to swallow a capsule, which will pass through the body. Thus, the procedure takes approximately 9 hours. It is enough to come to the doctor at the appointed time to take the capsule, and then wait for her exit.

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    During the passage of the capsule through the digestive tract, the doctor will be on the screen to observe everything that happens inside. This does not mean that you can not move, talk or change your pose for 8-9 hours. The device, which is in the capsule, makes several hundred shots for the time that is in the stomach or intestine. The output of the device is carried out naturally and does not cause harm to the body.

    The disadvantage of this procedure is the time taken. If you need to spend about an hour with standard endoscopy, taking into account disguise in clothing convenient for research and talking with a doctor, the patient must give the whole day for applying the newest technology. In addition, the diagnosis will be made only after the doctor will analyze all the pictures taken from the capsule.

    This method became feasible thanks to Israeli scientists. Some people are interested in the question of how large the capsule is and where it is possible to go through a similar procedure. The size of the device is similar to the usual dosage form: length - 2.6 cm, width - 1.1 cm. There are no substances in this capsule. It has a built-in miniature camera that can work at high temperatures. If in the beginning of the 21st century it was possible to undergo this procedure only in Israel, now it has become available in any part of the world in special polyclinics, medical centers.

    It, like other activities, requires preparation.12 hours before the endoscopy can not be eaten. At the waist of the patient, special sensors will be attached, which will help to display the picture on the screen. During the procedure, discomfort or pain may occur.

    People suffering from diseases of the gastrointestinal tract should remember that it is necessary to undergo such studies. Thanks to the endoscopic method of examination, it is possible to identify pathological abnormalities of the digestive organs with high accuracy and proceed to timely, competent treatment.

    Contents of
    • 1 Why is the procedure performed?
    • 2 Endoscopy forms
    • 3 Contraindications and preparation of
    • 4 How to avoid pain during the
    • 5 study Modern method: the pros and cons of

    Endoscopy - what is it? This procedure is prescribed for many, but not all are ready for it morally and physically. This study is conducted in order to visually examine the problems that arise in the body. Considering the walls of the organ through endoscopes, specialists identify the lesions and can specifically talk about a particular disease, prescribe a treatment regimen.

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