Rupture of the follicular ovarian cyst

Many girls are quite light-minded about the appearance of the ovarian cyst. There are no special painful sensations, there is no strong discomfort, so some believe that it is not necessary to treat it. However, quite a different attitude to it arises when it breaks, because it can lead to very serious consequences and complications.

Diagnosis of the "ovarian cyst".What is it?

The essence of the disease is the appearance of a tumor in the ovary of a girl or woman. It is a pouch or a vial( by the way, the word "cyst" is translated from the Greek language) with a liquid that is located in the ovary and, therefore, significantly increases its size.

There are several types of such formations:

• Functional. Follicular and luteal cysts belong to it. Follicular form inside the ovary, and luteal - on the yellow body. The main reason for their appearance is the presence of excess fluid in the ovary. As a rule, they are formed immediately after ovulation and with a favorable development of events after a few months disappear.
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• Endometrial. Occurs as a consequence of endometriosis, that is, the spread of cells of the inner mucous membrane of the uterus beyond its limits. This leads to the formation of various cavities, which eventually fill with blood. Then the blood thickens and outwardly begins to resemble chocolate. For this reason, such cysts in the professional jargon of doctors are called chocolate cysts.
• Cystic or, in other words, a tumor. The most dangerous neoplasm since it can lead to the formation of cancer cells.

Where does the ovarian cyst come from?

Unfortunately, there are no unambiguous reasons for the appearance of this disease, which complicates its prevention. At the same time, a number of disorders in the body often lead to the appearance of tumors:

• First, various gynecological diseases. Therefore, if a girl has suffered any disease of the genital area, it is recommended to be constantly observed in order to notice the presence of the cyst in time and take measures to eliminate it, not allowing a break.
• The second common cause is a violation of the hormonal background. This means that in the presence of failures of the endocrine system, it is necessary to observe not only the appropriate specialist, but also not forget about the gynecologist. Otherwise, unpleasant consequences may occur.
• The likelihood of the disease is also high in the presence of unprotected sex and frequent change of partners. In addition to venereal diseases, promiscuous sexual relations can lead to the appearance of neoplasms in the body. After all, the sexual system also needs time to tune in, get used to the partner, and their frequent shift unbalances it and leads to significant problems with the health of women.
• Finally, the cause of ovarian cysts can be regular stress. Therefore, this disease began to occur more often at the present time, when many girls and women are trying to make a career, to carry out supervisory work and for this reason are unnecessarily exposed to stress. Avoid this allows the correct mode of work and rest, as well as regular exercise and outdoor exercise.

Causes of rupture of

It should be noted that most often there is a rupture in functional types of cyst( for example, follicular).This is due to their physiological characteristics. In particular, they have a very thin outer shell. On the one hand, this is good, since there is a possibility of self-resolving cysts, without intervention from specialists, and on the other hand, it can lead to rupture under the influence of external or internal factors.

Among the main factors( in addition to inflammatory processes inside the body, hormonal disorders), as a result of which the rupture of the follicular ovarian cyst can occur, the following are distinguished:

• Injuries to the abdomen are bruises that occur as a result of a fall or other impact( it may be enough to accidentally stumble across the corner of a table or chair).
• Regular intensive exercise, which can lead to overstrain of the abdominal muscles, squeezing the cyst and its rupture. Therefore, in the presence of such a disease, you should carefully evaluate the load in the training process.
• Significant physical activity. It is necessary to exclude lifting and carrying of weights, performance of heavy physical work.
• Intimate communication. During the period of illness, caution should also be taken in matters of sexual life. Increased intra-abdominal pressure during sexual intercourse can lead to rupture of the cyst and severe consequences.

Symptoms of

Do not notice the rupture of the follicular ovarian cyst is almost impossible:

• First, immediately there is a sharp pain in the lower abdomen. And you can clearly determine where the cyst ruptured - in the left or right ovary. This will be indicated by the side of the abdomen, which is very sore.
• At the same time, there is a sharp increase in temperature. It can reach 39 degrees.
• In this case, weakness in the entire body is caused by possible severe internal or external bleeding.
• There is also a drop in blood pressure and a faster heartbeat.

In such a situation, you should immediately deliver the girl or woman to the hospital. If the follicular cyst burst, then, most likely, surgery is not required and the treatment will pass quickly and without any special consequences. In some cases, the pains in the lower abdomen may not be strong, or the girl may have a low pain threshold, and she will tolerate several hours or days. In addition, the follicular cyst is most often broken during the period of ovulation, so a sharp pain during this period may not scare, and delay in such a situation can lead to negative consequences. Therefore, if bleeding occurs and the temperature rises sharply, it is better to be reinsured and seek help from specialists.

Diagnosis

A routine examination with a gynecologist rarely allows you to diagnose the presence of a malignancy. Moreover, the described education does not create a special discomfort for a woman and does not cause painful sensations. Therefore, the presence of even minor pain in the lower abdomen should be reported to the doctor on examination. A more thorough examination can reveal a neoplasm in the pelvic area, and the doctor will prescribe a puncture procedure. Its results will allow you to see that inside the cysts - fluid or blood, and also help to assess the level of blood loss and the presence of inflammation inside.

A more effective and reliable method is ultrasound. It allows you to quickly see new education in the body of a woman and take timely measures. Therefore, an effective measure of prevention of various gynecological diseases is regular ultrasound of the pelvic organs. In some cases, the doctor may prescribe a tomography. It will more clearly determine the presence, size and nature of neoplasms in the ovaries.

In the course of diagnosis, endocrinologist consultation may be required. Most often this happens in the presence of hormonal disorders.

Methods and methods of treatment

Treatment technologies depend on the symptoms and results of the tests. If there is bleeding, then mandatory treatment is prescribed by cold to stop it. After the patient passes through all the procedures for collecting tests and stopping bleeding, the specialist must determine the type of burst cyst. If it is follicular, then it may well be sufficient to prescribe hormonal drugs. Taking them for several cycles of menstruation will lead to recovery of the patient. To monitor the progress of treatment should be sure to undergo ultrasound.

In some cases, surgery may be required. Most often, for therapeutic purposes, resection or ovary repair is performed. However, it can not be performed in the case of pregnancy, since such an operation can provoke a miscarriage.

In very severe cases, complete removal of the ovary may be required. This is a more complicated operation with negative consequences( reducing the probability of pregnancy), which they try to do only in extreme cases.

Laparoscopy

If a cyst is found, the doctor may decide to remove it. Also, such a decision can be made and if, as a result of drug treatment, the cyst does not resolve. The operation to remove the neoplasm can be performed by two methods:

• Laparoscopy;
• Laparotomy.

The first method is used if only the cyst is deleted. The operation is not difficult, it lasts from twenty to forty minutes, and is carried out using special equipment and tools. This procedure causes minimal harm to the woman's body and does not require long-term rehabilitation.

If the decision is made to remove the cyst with the ovary, then the laparotomy method is used. It is also performed under general anesthesia, but its duration is already more than an hour, which requires a certain recovery period for the patient and finding it under the supervision of doctors.

Depending on the complexity of the disease, laparotomy can be of three types: with the removal of exclusively the cysts, with the removal of the cyst and part of the ovary, with the removal of the ovary along with neoplasm.

In some cases( for example, with severe internal bleeding), it may be necessary to perform a cavitary operation. It is important to remember that in case of a cyst rupture, doctors need to act quickly and all analyzes and decision making about the method are taken promptly.

Contraindications to operation

In some situations, treatment may be much more complicated than just medical or surgical. So, hormonal drugs for the treatment of the disease can not be prescribed if there is a suspicion that the tumor can turn out to be cancerous. In this case, you must first determine the nature of the cyst, and then decide on a method of treatment. Resection is contraindicated in pregnancy, as it increases the likelihood of miscarriage.

Laparoscopy or laparotomy can not be performed if the patient has vascular and heart disease or chronic kidney problems. In such a situation, the operation can endanger the life and future health of the patient in the future, and therefore, risk( except when the situation is hopeless) is not worth it. Also, laparoscopy or laparotomy should not be performed if the patient is experiencing an acute stage of an infectious disease, since the operation firstly reduces immunity, and secondly, during an operation, the infection can hit any internal organ.

The presence of anemia is an obstacle to the operation. After all, a low number of red blood cells speaks of the weakness of the body, so if there is such a disease, difficulties may arise during the rehabilitation period.

Consequences of rupture of the ovarian cyst

When the first symptoms of this phase of the disease appear, you should immediately consult a doctor. If you do not help the woman in time, the following negative consequences are possible:

• The organism is poisoned. After all, when the cyst is ruptured, all the liquid contained in it is inside the abdominal cavity of the woman and affects the internal organs. If timely not to help, intoxication can reach a critical value and begin to threaten the patient's life.
• There is a probability of transformation of a neoplasm into a malignant tumor. Fortunately, in medical practice there are very few such cases, but, nevertheless, they are. Also, one should not engage in self-medication, because untimely assistance, caused by the removal of pain in an acute period, coupled with the intake of the wrong drugs selected independently, can lead to a life threat and extremely negative health consequences.
• Infertility. Inadequate medical care can lead to the need to remove the ovary, which drastically reduces the chance of becoming pregnant.
• Emergence of new gynecological diseases. It must be remembered that all organs, especially the pelvic organs, are connected with each other. Therefore, if the cyst ruptures, the infection can get into another internal organ, which will lead to the development of a new disease.

A rupture of the follicular ovarian cyst is a rather dangerous disease. The reasons for it are not fully understood. The formation of a new education in the body of a woman does not always occur with the manifestation of clear symptoms, therefore it is necessary to undergo regular examinations with a gynecologist using ultrasound methods. It is always better to detect the cyst in advance and either to remove it or cure it, than to apply various methods to treat its rupture. However, the situation with its rupture is quite frequent, and in this case the main thing in time is to consult a doctor who will provide the necessary help and prescribe an effective treatment.