1 Causes of catarrhal appendicitis

It is not known for certain reasons why the inflammatory process in the mucous membranes of the appendix develops. According to the mechanical theory, the disease occurs when the lumen of the appendix is ​​blocked by tumors, calves, helminths. Acute appendicitis often develops against a background of adhesions in the abdominal cavity. Stagnation of the contents increases the pressure in the appendix, the blood supply of this part of the intestine is disturbed, the bacteria are activated. Mucous membranes of the body become inflamed, which contributes to the appearance of necrosis areas. Infectious theory connects the onset of the inflammatory process with the activation of the bacterial flora that occurs against the background of a decrease in the body's defenses.

According to other experts, the development of catarrhal appendicitis is promoted by type 3 and type 4 allergic reactions, which increase the permeability of the walls of the appendix. To provoke inflammation there may be a lack of plant food in the diet, in which the process of moving food masses and emptying the bowels is disrupted. Provoking factors are: young age, intestinal infections, inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, the presence of parasites and fecal stones.

2 Clinical picture of the disease

Catarrhal appendicitis is characterized by a large number of various symptoms, which makes it difficult to distinguish it from other surgical diseases. This is due to the different location of the appendix, the general condition of the body and the presence of concomitant pathologies. However, there are a number of signs that, when appearing, you need to immediately contact a surgeon. Pain is the main symptom of beginning appendicitis. Most often it is localized in the navel and has a noisy character. A few hours later, unpleasant sensations occur in the right hypochondrium. At the same time, the intensity of the pain syndrome increases. The onset of acute pain testifies to the transition of catarrhal appendicitis to phlegmonous. In this disease, unpleasant sensations are localized, but they increase with sneezing and coughing.

Every 3 patients experience nausea and dry mouth. Increased pain may be accompanied by a fit of vomiting. Occurrence of some signs of acute appendicitis is associated with exposure to surrounding organs. Dysuria occurs against the background of compression of the bladder, the development of diarrhea contributes to irritation of the intestinal wall. Constipation is observed only in the early stages of the disease, as well as in the case of peritonitis. The general condition of catarrhal appendicitis does not worsen. A slight increase in temperature is possible. As the disease develops, the body becomes weak and intoxicated.

The most informative way to diagnose a disease is to check. For acute appendicitis is characterized by increased pain during palpation of the sigmoid colon, as well as when taking a lying position on the left side. For the final diagnosis, additional procedures are required. Ultrasound and X-ray examination of the intestine make it possible to exclude other surgical diseases. During the MSCT, a thickening of the walls of the appendix and its enlargement, an inflammatory process in the nearby tissues, is detected. Diagnostic operation is used for both detection and treatment of acute appendicitis.

Specific changes in the results of clinical studies are not observed. A general blood test reflects a mild leukocytosis, shifting the formula to the left. In the presence of symptoms of the inflammatory process, neutrophilia is detected, an increase in the level of C-reactive protein. Children and people older than 50 years of these manifestations are not observed. Acute appendicitis must be able to distinguish from intestinal infection, renal colic, peptic ulcer and ectopic pregnancy.

3 Methods of treatment of

disease. If suspected of this disease, the patient's condition is monitored for no more than 6 hours. People who have signs of acute appendicitis should be taken to the surgical department. Additional diagnostic procedures are performed urgently, at the same time, the patient prepares for the operation. During this period, measures are taken to stabilize the general condition of the body - eliminating the symptoms of concomitant diseases, preventive antibacterial therapy.

Surgery for appendicitis can be performed in several ways - laparotomic, laparoscopic or transluminal( through the stomach or vagina).Endoscopic surgeries are the safest. The appendix is ​​removed through a small incision in the abdominal wall. Surgical intervention has no complications. The recovery period is short. With the development of phlegmonous appendicitis, such operations are contraindicated. In this case, a cavitary surgical intervention is prescribed, the incision is located in the region of localization of the appendix. Catarrhal appendicitis almost always has a favorable prognosis. Severe complications with this form of inflammation do not occur, with timely performance of surgical intervention, a complete recovery occurs.