1 Characteristics of the disease

Abdominal cavity is divided into:

1. parental,
2. vascular.

The surface of the abdominal cavity in humans is up to 2 m².In the male body, the structure of the peritoneum is closed. In the woman's body, the abdominal cavity has contact with the external environment through the opening of the fallopian tubes. In the epithelial tissue called mesothelium, a fluid is released that facilitates the relief of internal organs and allows them to slide freely in the abdominal space. In addition, in this fluid there are immune molecules, cells and antibodies that help maintain a healthy state of the whole organism.

2 Functions performed by the abdominal cavity

The abdominal cavity performs the following functions:

• Exudative( secretes fluid and fibrin)
• Barrierprotects the peritoneal organs from external stimuli and stimuli, resists the ingress of infectious bacteria, while producing special protective substances).

The main property of the abdominal cavity is absorption, the liquid is able to actively penetrate through it.

3 The essence of the pathology

Irritation of the abdominal cavity occurs, as a rule, due to edema, which disrupts the metabolic processes in this organ. To understand the question of what is irritation, you should know that in the peritoneum there are nerve cells and endings.

The parietal area is affected by the nerve endings of the intercostal space, so it is very sensitive to any kind of action: mechanical, physical or chemical. The pain that arises in this area is clearly localized.

The visceral region is affected by the vegetative relationship of the organ with the central nervous system. Pain in the visceral region is not localized, and it is difficult to establish the place of inflammation.

In the pelvic department, the patient also feels the pain of an unclear arrangement. The peritoneum of the small pelvis is plastic and has a high muscle tension, so it does not have an acute reaction to inflammation.

Pain in the abdominal cavity can be classified into:

1. visceral( acute pain around the navel)
2. somatic( severe pain, the point of which is clearly localized to the patient)
3. is reflected( due to inflammation in adjacent organs or in brain pathologies.)

4 Characteristics of

Symptoms of abdominal irritation in the medical literature are indicated by the authors who worked on their establishment and description. The most well-known are:

• Razdolsky's symptom( established using the "percussion" diagnostic method, which means examination of the desired part of the body by pressing or tapping)
• the phenomenon of Rosberg( determined by jerking pressure on the anterior region of the anterior region,cecum).Used in the diagnosis of appendicitis.
• symptom of Schetkina-Blumberg( diagnosed through the product of intense depression in the area of ​​development of the inflammatory process and sharp removal of the hand by the doctor).Appendicitis is easily detected by this method, because it is expressed by acute pain.

The main symptom of irritation of the peritoneum is the patient's pain in the abdomen. As a rule, many of the symptoms of this ailment are manifested at the same time. The disease begins with the onset of pain in the inflamed organ or its location. It is not recommended to try to relieve pain with pain medication alone, as this can hide the real symptoms of a serious illness. Inflammation can trigger peritonitis. At this time, it is necessary to place the patient in a lying position in order to relieve tension from the abdominal cavity and urgently call an ambulance.

Comfortable and less painful is the position of lying on the back or side with the pulling of knees bent in the knees to the stomach. At the time of the development of the disease, even the slightest movement can cause acute pain. In case of acute exertion of the peritoneal wall, in exceptional cases contact influence is used to determine the symptoms. If the muscles of the peritoneum walls are retracted in the scaphoid form, the point of the inflammatory process is established by the method of palpation.

If the peritoneum is irritated, the patient may feel nauseated and vomit. They appear reflexively, the cause is intoxication of the body and violation of the patency of the intestine. When the appendix is ​​inflamed, the patient feels the symptoms inherent in the general inflammatory process in the body. Such symptoms include:

• fever in the body,
• severe tachycardia,
• rapid breathing,
• flatulence and bloating in the abdomen.

5 What could be the consequences?

When swelling occurs in the abdominal organs of the inflammatory process, there is swelling, thickening with a clearly expressed hyperemia of the serous membrane. A large amount of exudate changes the color of the shell, it dims. Near the organ, subjected to defeat, there is a fibrin accumulation. During the disease in the blood, you can identify the presence of leukosis and an increase in ESR.

With biochemistry of blood, as a rule, increases in c-reactive protein and fibrinogen are noted. If you do not urgently start effective treatment, within a day the entire human body is exposed to intoxication, which provokes the release of blood plasma into the tissue. Due to a violation of the level of protein in the blood, blood flow may be impaired. Blood can enter the intestinal and gastric cavities, which provokes vomiting with blood content.

Also, the patient will not be able to perform an act of defecation due to intestinal obstruction, he will be filled with gases, swell, resulting in painful pains. At the time of the inflammation process, a decrease in blood pressure occurs. The patient changes externally, in particular, the pallor of the skin appears, there is an increase in the pulse, deepening of the ocular cavity, sinking of the cheekbones and sharpening of the facial features due to dehydration.

In the oral cavity, too, there are changes, a yellow coating appears on the surface of the tongue and cheeks. On the third day of the course of the disease, a complete disruption of the work of the organic system in the human body occurs. If you do not stop the flow of the inflammatory process at this stage, you can get a lethal outcome.

Symptoms of irritation of the peritoneum can occur in a woman with a serious pathology - ectopic or frozen pregnancy. The first sign of the development of this pathology is abundant blood discharge from the vagina after a prolonged delay in menstruation with cramping pain.

At the slightest detection of these symptoms you should immediately seek medical help. It is not necessary to undertake independent attempts in the treatment of acute and aching pain in the abdominal region, since it can be a signal of a serious inflammatory pathology in the abdominal cavity.