Hormones And Biochemistry

If FSH is above normal

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The pituitary gland is one of the most important endocrine glands in the human body. It is responsible for the development of regulatory substances that ensure the normal functioning of the entire body. The anterior part of this organ synthesizes so-called tropic hormones. If we talk about sexual function in women and men, the most important hormones of the gland are:

  • follicle stimulating( FSH),
  • luteinizing( LH),
  • prolactin.

All of them are related to each other and are responsible for the normal development of internal and external genital organs, as well as for the correct course of the pregnancy period.

What is FSH?

Pituitary

Follicle-stimulating hormone is one of the gonadotropins. In terms of its chemical structure, it is a glycoprotein. By binding to receptors on the surface of cells, it activates adenylate cyclase, which in turn triggers the process of synthesizing the necessary proteins.

In women, follicle-stimulating hormone performs the following functions:

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  • promotes ripening of sacs in which eggs are stored( follicles),
  • activates estrogen synthesis,
  • provides normal sexual development( mammary growth, age-related changes in pelvic bones and others).

If we talk about men, FSH takes part in spermatogenesis and the formation of secondary sexual characteristics( coarsening of the voice, growth of hair on the body and others).

Effect of FSH on the menstrual cycle

The most pronounced effect of follicle-stimulating hormone has a period of menstruation. It's not a secret for anyone that it lasts for 28 days. There are women who have it prolonged to 31 or shortened to 24 days, which is not considered pathology. Nevertheless, in all it is divided into 3 main stages:

  1. Follicular( the first 14 days).It is here that the concentration of FSH is maximal. The physiological norms of the substance fluctuate within 2.7-11.2 mU / l. The first 5-8 days are the ripening of several follicles. Then, under the influence of gonadotropin, only one of them grows. If the level of FSH is pathologically increased, then multiple ovulation may occur with the release of several sex cells simultaneously. This development requires careful diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
  2. Ovulation( 14-16 days).The ripe follicle bursts, and the egg leaves into the abdominal cavity. FSH indices are considered normal at values ​​of 5.7-21 mU / l.
  3. Lutein( 16-28 days).The activity of the follicle-stimulating hormone drops sharply, as the sac has broken. In its place, a yellow body forms, which continues to synthesize progesterone. The values ​​of FSH in this period are 1.1-9.1 mU / l.

Doctor

Separately it is worth talking about the relationship between LH and FSH.Before the puberty of a woman, the ratio of these substances is( 1 to 1).In adult individuals - 1,5-2 to 1. In all phases of the menstrual cycle, the dynamics of changes in the indices of LH roughly resembles those of FSH, however, with slight differences in the figures. If there is a significant deviation from the norm, this means that the woman has a certain pathology of the pituitary or ovaries. It is necessary to consult a doctor and start treatment.

Etiology

Excess of normal values ​​of follicle-stimulating hormone in women can be physiological and pathological. It is not considered a disease if the records of increased FSH during the menopause are recorded. In all other situations, a thorough diagnosis and appropriate treatment should be carried out. The causes that can trigger the increase in follicle stimulating substance or LH in women are:

  • malfunction of the ovaries( lack of activity),
  • neoplasm in the pituitary( adenoma, malignant tumor),
  • chronic alcoholism,
  • X-ray,
  • endometrioid cysts.

If we evaluate the deviations in the ratio of LH and FSH, then an increase of more than 2.5 may indicate:

  • polycystic ovary,
  • the presence of a tumor in the pituitary,
  • depletion of the inner gonads in the fair sex.

Doctor

In any case, it is necessary to undergo an additional examination to verify the diagnosis. If there is evidence, you need to start appropriate treatment.

Symptoms of

The most frequent manifestations of the fact that FSH is elevated in the body of the fair sex are:

  • frequent and profuse uterine bleeding not associated with the monthly cycle;
  • absence or irregularity of menstruation,
  • in the formation of pathology at an early age, there may be underdevelopment of internal genital organs.

In men, this pathology will manifest itself:

  • by reducing the number of sperm in the ejaculate,
  • by violations of sexual function( weakening of libido, impotence),
  • by obesity.

Unlike girls and adult ladies, in men, the concentration of FSH and LH is always within certain limits without reference to the days of the cycle. The normal value for men is 1.3-13.5 mU / l and 1-10 mU / L, respectively.

Diagnosis and therapy

What to do when the above symptoms occur? First you need to see a doctor. There are situations that can lead to a sharp but short-term deviation of FSH or LH from normal values. The causes may be stress, starvation, pathology of other internal organs and systems. Only a specialist can carry out qualitative diagnostics. The most frequent for this is to donate blood for analysis. It is carried out on the 3-6th day of the menstrual cycle in the follicular stage. Need to be examined on an empty stomach.

Examination

After receiving reliable data analysis and an objective assessment of the general well-being of the patient, one must start appropriate treatment.

The main danger that lies in wait for women who refuse therapy is the inability to become pregnant in the future. Hyperfunction of the pituitary gland leads to the ripening of defective follicles, which can not provide the egg with the necessary substances. As a result, the chance of conception decreases. In addition, the permanent rupture of several sacs at a time leads to premature emptying of the reserve of germ cells. This reduces the fertile age of patients.

Regardless of the cause, increasing the amount of FSH requires timely intervention and adequate treatment.

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