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What if I have low blood pressure during pregnancy?

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Pressure upper high, lower low

Contents of the page

  • 1 Blood pressure in pregnancy
  • 2 What is the danger of low blood pressure during pregnancy?
  • 3 Causes of low blood pressure during pregnancy
  • 4 Features of hypotension at different stages of pregnancy

During pregnancy, every scheduled visit to a doctor is accompanied by a measurement of blood pressure. Of particular concern for expectant mothers is an increase in blood pressure, but low blood pressure during pregnancy can bring no less discomfort and health problems. Hypotension can be an independent disease, or a sign of developing pathologies. In any case, it is necessary to take timely measures to eliminate a possible threat to the mother and the future baby.

Blood pressure in pregnancy

pregnancy

Blood pressure indicators show how the cardiovascular system works. They largely depend on the sex, age of a person, his way of life and individual characteristics. As a rule, when measuring pressure, the doctor names two values ​​(for example, 120/80).The first figure is the upper systolic( cardiac) pressure, which characterizes the level of blood pressure at the time of contraction of the heart muscle. The second indicator - the lower diastolic pressure, shows the state of vascular tone and blood pressure level at the time of complete relaxation of the heart.

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The normal blood pressure level is considered to be 120/80 mmHg. However, admissible deviations from the norm are considered indicators 140/90 or 100/60, if a person at the same time feels well and this level of blood pressure is familiar to him. When these indicators change, respectively, they speak of hypertension( increased pressure) or hypotension( low pressure).

How dangerous is low blood pressure in pregnancy?

during pregnancy

Hypotension in a period of waiting for a child is dangerous not only a deterioration of well-being. As a result of the slowing of blood circulation, the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the fetus is disrupted. This condition threatens the development of placental insufficiency, the threat of miscarriage or complications during childbirth.

Low lower pressure during pregnancy provokes a state of hypoxia. At the same time, not only the fetus suffers from lack of oxygen, the functions of the vital organs( brain, heart, kidneys) of the woman herself are violated. If you do not start the timely treatment of hypotension, then late gestation may develop gestosis - a dangerous complication manifested by a sharp increase in blood pressure, edema, convulsions. In many, even developed countries, gestosis is the main cause of maternal mortality.

In the early stages of pregnancy, a persistent reduction in blood pressure can cause severe toxicosis, provoke abortion, or cause abnormalities in fetal development. In women with hypotension, there is a weak labor activity, which requires a cesarean section. In the postpartum period with low blood pressure, bleeding and slow contraction of the uterus are possible. Therefore, if you have any anxiety symptoms, you should immediately inform them about the doctor and start treatment.

Causes of low blood pressure in pregnancy

contraindications in pregnancy

Most often, the main cause of hypotension in a woman in an "interesting position" lies in the change in the hormonal background. Low pressure on early pregnancy becomes a consequence of the restructuring of the body and preparation for future motherhood. In the risk group are women who, prior to pregnancy, had low blood pressure, but did not attach much importance to the characteristic symptoms( weakness, asthenia, dizziness).In addition, the pressure may decrease due to the following provoking factors:

  • infectious diseases;
  • hereditary predisposition;
  • chronic diseases of the nervous, endocrine, digestive, cardiovascular system;
  • dehydration of the body;
  • improper and defective food;
  • low motor activity;
  • psychoemotional stress, regular stress;
  • overwork, a chronic lack of sleep.

Often, such a condition as low blood pressure and high heart rate during pregnancy occurs at night. During this period, a woman is not recommended to sleep on her back( especially in later periods), since a growing fruit weighs heavily on a hollow vein and causes a circulatory disturbance. This can lead to fainting, a feeling of suffocation, a sharp drop in pressure and other unpleasant complications associated with a worsening of the blood supply to the heart muscle.

Symptoms of hypotension in pregnancy

How to properly measure pressure with a tonometer

Doctors warn future mothers that lowering the pressure in early pregnancy exacerbates the manifestations of toxicosis, provokes vomiting and leads to dehydration of the body, which contributes to an even greater drop in blood pressure. Prevent this development of events will help regular monitoring of the level of pressure with a tonometer.

If the regular change in blood pressure shows a persistent decline in indicators, you must inform the doctor about it. Usually hypotension is accompanied by the following symptoms:

  • permanent fatigue, weakness;
  • "ringing" in the ears, darkening in the eyes;
  • headache;
  • dizziness;
  • lack of air;
  • is a fainting condition, until unconscious;
  • reduced performance;
  • insomnia, daytime sleepiness;
  • heart palpitations;
  • shortness of breath with little physical effort and walking.

At low pressure from lack of oxygen, the brain suffers first. A woman becomes forgetful and diffused, perceives information worse. If disorders of the vegetative nervous system are added to this, strong dizziness begins, the woman notices that her hands are always cold, or she is thrown into the cold, then into a fever, with a plentiful separation of cold sweat. If you change the position of the body or a sharp rise from the bed, a syncope may occur.

Another characteristic sign of developing hypotension is increased meteosensitivity, when the future mother begins to react painfully to any change in weather conditions. The manifestations of hypotension can be expressed in different ways, depending on the period of pregnancy and the stage of the disease.

Stages of hypotension

According to the nature of the course of hypotension, pregnant women are divided into three stages:

  1. Stable( compensated) hypotension. This is a condition in which the level of pressure is held at the upper limits of the norm. At the same time, the characteristic symptoms accompanying the decrease in pressure are not observed, and the woman does not feel any special ailments.
  2. Unstable( subcompensated) hypotension. At this stage, the woman feels weakness, drowsiness and other characteristic symptoms listed above. The level of blood pressure is reduced within 10 units.
  3. Decompensated hypotension. The most difficult condition, significantly worsening the quality of life. The woman often has hypotonic crises, with a sharp drop in pressure, the lips and fingertips turn blue, and often fainting occurs. The patient suffers from insomnia at night, and in the afternoon - from insuperable drowsiness.

Features of hypotension at different stages of pregnancy

Low blood pressure during pregnancy in the first trimester often develops as a result of increased levels of the hormone progesterone. At this stage, a cup of strong brewed tea or coffee helps to improve the condition. Normalize the pressure will help increase physical activity, daily walks in the fresh air, adherence to the regime of the day.

The first trimester is the most crucial period when the laying and shaping of the organs and systems of the unborn child takes place. Therefore, adjust the condition with medication should not be so as not to harm the baby. People's means, proven for centuries, come to the aid. But they can be used only after consulting a doctor.

Low blood pressure during pregnancy in the 2nd trimester requires constant monitoring, as a violation of blood circulation leads to oxygen starvation, which adversely affects the functions of vital organs. Because of the decrease in pressure, the uterine-placental blood flow falls, the supply of the fetus to nutrients and oxygen deteriorates, which can lead to various pathologies and a delay in development.

Sometimes, after the 20th week of pregnancy, a paradoxical situation arises when, as a result of an increase in blood volume, a woman may experience a pressure increase of 10-20 mm Hg. Art. In this case, the measurement shows a normal blood pressure level, but for a hypotonic woman it will already be considered elevated, accordingly, the well-being worsens.

At this stage it is already possible to take medicines selected by a doctor. At home, normal nutrition can be helped by proper nutrition, feasible exercise, drinks with caffeine.

Low blood pressure during pregnancy in the 3rd trimester is often due to the fact that the growing fetus reaches impressive sizes and begins to press on the hollow vein. This causes a violation of blood circulation and a drop in pressure. At the end of pregnancy, a woman can be haunted by shortness of breath, insomnia, it is hard for her to fall asleep, since it is difficult to find a comfortable position. And in the morning when you get out of bed you need to be careful, otherwise, when you suddenly jump to a vertical position, your head turns and darkens in your eyes. Hypotension in the late stages of pregnancy especially requires the holding of medical measures, as it is accompanied by a poor state of health of the future mother. If the process is neglected, the risk of complications during labor and postpartum haemorrhage is high.

Safe ways to increase pressure

Coffee

With a single drop in pressure, a pregnant woman is recommended to lie down, provide fresh air into the room, drink a cup of strong coffee or black tea.

It is useful to know
Medications without a doctor's appointment can not be accepted! This requirement must be strictly enforced( especially in the first trimester of pregnancy).

Severe hypotension requires qualified medical care and hospitalization of the patient in the hospital, where the woman will be provided with the necessary assistance, including a course of drug therapy.

With mild hypotension, it is possible to alleviate the condition of a pregnant woman at home with safe and affordable methods:

  • Compliance with the work and rest regime. The daily routine should be made in such a way as to get up in the morning and go to bed at a certain time. This will help to sleep and eliminate the problem of insomnia. Do not forget about physical exercise, long walks in the fresh air, full and balanced nutrition.
  • It is recommended for a woman to practice gymnastics and perform special exercises that will help stabilize blood pressure. Moderate physical activity( swimming, walking, jogging) will help bring the vessels with tone and normalize the pressure.
  • An important role is played by a properly formulated diet, based on foods rich in protein, fiber, vitamins and trace elements. And this means that it is necessary to include in the menu sour-milk products, sea fish, dietary meat, liver, eggs, greens, fresh vegetables and fruits. The diet should not be fatty, spicy, spicy foods, foods high in carbohydrates, sugar, preservatives, flavors, dyes and other artificial additives. Passion for sweets, baked pastries, confectionery leads to weight gain, which can provoke pressure changes.

It is not necessary immediately after awakening to jump out of bed, a sudden change in the position of the body can trigger dizziness and an attack of nausea. After waking up, it's better to lie down for a few minutes and then get up. To improve well-being when hypotension is advised to sleep on a high pillow, and before breakfast take a contrast shower.

At low pressure, acupressure is useful. Of course, an expert must fulfill it. A good effect is given by breathing practices and yoga exercises under the guidance of an experienced instructor.

Menu
Fresh fruits Photo: Fresh fruit

With hypotension in the menu, it is recommended to include foods that promote pressure. In this list:

  • fresh berries and fruits( raspberries, apricots, strawberries, apples, pomegranates);
  • celery root, boiled beets, carrots:
  • dill, spinach, sorrel;
  • well salted meat broth;
  • compote of dried fruits;
  • black tea;
  • seafood;
  • honey.

To strengthen the vessels will help the use of products containing essential fatty acids, B vitamins, ascorbic acid, trace elements to support the work of the heart( potassium, magnesium).

Another recommendation for hypotonic patients concerns the salt content of dishes. In order to normalize the pressure, you can increase the amount of salt used from the usual 6 g to 9 g per day. But this recommendation is applicable only at the initial stages of pregnancy, if a woman has no problems with the kidneys, and there are no swelling.

Folk remedies

motherwort under pressure

Before using folk remedies, be sure to consult a doctor and get his approval for home procedures. Increase the tone of blood vessels, improve blood circulation and normalize the pressure will help such simple and affordable means, like fresh beet juice or pomegranate. Drink it in small portions( 50 ml) before meals.

It is useful to take a decoction of mint, lemon balm, oregano, hops, motherwort. Such drugs have a general strengthening effect, normalize the nervous system and help stabilize blood pressure. In the tea you can add raspberry leaves, currants, lemon, honey, drink broth of wild rose. This will strengthen immunity, provide the body with the necessary vitamins and trace elements and help maintain the vessels in a tone.

Universal phyto-collection for hypotension

This prescription can be used in pregnancy to normalize blood pressure. The composition of the herbal collection includes leaves of lyubistok and wild strawberry( 1 tsp) + crushed root of aira( 0.5 tsp) + yarrow, St. John's wort, rue, dog rose, chicory( 2 tsp).Three large collection spoons are placed in a thermos bottle, poured 500 ml of boiling water and leave to infuse for the night. The next day they drink 100 ml of infusion in a warm form before each meal.

Low blood pressure during pregnancy is a condition that needs to be controlled. If hypotension is detected on time and measures are taken to eliminate it, the prognosis of the course of pregnancy and the birth of a healthy child is quite favorable.

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