1 Medical indications

Vomiting with bright red blood testifies to the presence of bleeding in the esophagus. Vomiting with blood of a dark color sometimes occurs after eating some foods( chocolate, etc.) or throwing into the blood of gastric or intestinal juice.

Reasons for the present reflex:

• gastric varices. Bright red blood indicates that the bleeding is fresh. This phenomenon does not cause serious consequences. Dark bloody clots arise if bleeding continues for a long time and can cause unpleasant complications;
• damage to the walls of the esophagus or mucosa. Cracks and ruptures in this area occur due to increased pressure in the stomach or esophagus as a result of severe hiccough, coughing and vomiting;
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• bleeding in the throat or in the esophagus;
• gastric or duodenal ulcer in neglected condition;
• internal bleeding( black clots);
• cirrhosis;
• gastritis( in acute form).

Doctors identify the causes of mechanical damage to the gastric mucosa and esophagus:

• blows into the abdominal cavity;
• Mallory-Weiss syndrome( damage due to overvoltages).

2 Self-Defense

The human body has protective mechanisms that are capable of resisting the effects of negative factors for some time. Some of these protective mechanisms are nausea and vomiting. These reactions provoke the ingestion of toxins that are harmful to health and life. Along with chemicals, alcohol is recognized by the body as a neurotoxic poison. Therefore, if the body has a large amount of alcohol, it tries to get rid of it.

A person experiences several urges to vomit until toxins are released into the body. As soon as the supply of toxins ceases, the patient's condition improves, and the withdrawal symptoms occur. When there is vomiting with blood, you need to drink pure( still) water, giving up other drinks. From medicines it is allowed to take activated charcoal.

It is advisable to refuse meals before the arrival of doctors. Do not induce vomiting yourself, so as not to irritate the esophagus. To wait for the arrival of the ambulance crew, you must lie down, having measured the pulse and pressure. Vomiting with blood after alcohol occurs due to internal varicose veins of the stomach. In this case, the color of the blood is scarlet. This is due to the fact that the vessels can not withstand the stress and burst. Such a symptom does not cause serious discomfort and health problems, but signals the need for examination in the hospital. If the patient has vomiting with dark blood, then urgent hospitalization is required.

Patients with stomach ulcers, hepatitis and cirrhosis suffer from a vomiting reflex. Patients are advised to abandon alcoholic beverages. Otherwise, the disease can be fatal. For patients with ulcers, drinking alcohol is less dangerous. If the illness becomes worse, specialists will need help.

3 A gag reflex in a child

Parents, when they detect blood in the child's vomiting, are frightened. Panic begins. Therefore, every mother should know the reasons that can provoke such a condition, and the symptoms of dangerous diseases. Vomiting with blood in a child occurs due to pulmonary or nasal bleeding, in which blood enters the esophagus. In this case, the baby has nausea.

Otherwise, the baby has an oesophageal and gastric mucosa. This happens for the following reasons:

• mechanical damage by sharp objects;
• is an inflammation;
• ulcer;
• tumor of the stomach and esophagus.

Blood vomiting in a baby can manifest itself against a background of liver diseases. Breasts are exposed to this condition due to getting into the stomach of blood with milk, if the nursing mother has cracked nipples.

In pregnant women, vomiting with blood on the 3rd trimester is a sign of pre-eclampsia( toxicosis in severe form).Symptoms of pre-eclampsia are presented in the form of general weakness, nausea, high blood pressure and severe edema. The disease is dangerous, as the blood supply to the placenta is disturbed, which contributes to the oxygen starvation of the fetus.

The main causes of vomiting with blood during pregnancy include hormonal changes in the body. This condition is considered a stress for immunity. Therefore, the immune system behaves as if poisoning, purifying the body due to vomiting. This symptom is reduced to the 2nd trimester of pregnancy.

4 Pregnancy

Vomiting in the 1st trimester of pregnancy can be caused by certain foods, odors, hygiene products. Since the sensitivity of a woman in the position increases several times, and the immune system weakens, the gag reflex can therefore be accompanied by blood particles. The future mother needs urgent medical care in the following cases:

• persistent weakness and dizziness;
• increases the body temperature when vomiting with blood;
• decreased the amount of urine;
• urine acquired a dark color;
• observed low blood pressure;
• heart palpitations;
• sensation of thirst;
• feeling of dryness in the mouth.

Since the above symptoms can provoke serious complications, therefore a woman in the position is hospitalized. After the examination, appropriate treatment is prescribed.

5 The main methods of treatment

The presence of blood in the vomit due to nosebleeds is a non-hazardous condition that can be eliminated on its own without referring to a doctor. If the reflex arises for another reason, then the doctor will need help.

Before the arrival of doctors, a patient can drink a small sip of broth of wild rose. Additionally, physicians are allowed to take Motilium or Cerucalum( to suppress the feeling of nausea).At home, prepare decoctions of marigold and chamomile. These agents have an anti-inflammatory effect. To restore the electrolyte balance, water-salt solution is taken.

After the examination( ultrasound, analysis), the doctor determines the cause, which provoked a similar condition, appoints the appropriate treatment.

If necessary, transfer blood or put a dropper.

In addition, prescribe medication, the action of which is aimed at stopping emetic urges and eliminating the cause of the reflex. In advanced cases, surgical intervention is required.

Doctors recommend patients to adhere to a special diet that excludes hot, fatty and salty foods. Food should be liquid and warm. Lack of timely medical assistance can provoke the development of complications( shock, anemia, asthma attacks, disease progression).Therefore it is necessary to undergo regular examinations at a gastroenterologist. It is recommended to observe personal hygiene. Wash hands after dogs, cats and other animals, since they are the main carriers of various infections.