1 What is FCC?
This method of examination is considered the most effective and reliable. This manipulation is performed with the help of a fibro colonoscope. This is a special flexible tube, at the end of which the camera is located. Thanks to the flexibility of the tube allows you to pass all the anatomical bends of the intestine. The length of the tube is about 160 cm. The camcorder transmits a general picture to the screen. On the monitor, the doctor can carefully examine the intestines of the patient.
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How does the procedure work? Diagnosis of the intestine is carried out in a special room. The patient undergoing a survey removes clothing below the belt, including underwear. Then he lies on the couch on his left side, slightly bending his legs in the knee joints. When carrying out manipulation, the patient is given a local anesthetic. In this case, you can use Dekaminovuyu ointment, gels Luan, Xylocaine or Catejel. The main component of these drugs is lidocaine, which has a local analgesic effect. Anesthesia is performed so that during the procedure the patient does not feel any pain or discomfort.
In addition to local anesthesia for fibrocolonoscopy of the intestine, the patient can be given an intravenous analgesic and sedative medication. General anesthesia is used in the case of a seriously ill adult patient or child. Throughout the procedure the patient will sleep.
After the anesthesia has begun, the doctor begins to inject a colonoscope through the anus. The tube advances slowly, so as not to damage the walls of the intestine and to examine in detail the cause of the disease. To obtain the best picture on the monitor, the lumen of the gut extends and the folds are smoothed out by a small supply of gas into the intestine. In this case, the patient may feel a slight swelling of the abdomen. The procedure of fibrocolonoscopy lasts about 20-40 minutes. Upon completion of the manipulation, the doctor removes the injected gas using a special device.
If there is still a small accumulation of gases in the intestines, doctors recommend drinking activated charcoal. Complications of manipulation does not. Perhaps only a small spotting from the place of biopsy. FCC is considered a complex but not dangerous procedure. The device is equipped with a xenon or halogen lamp, this light source does not burn the mucous membrane of the rectum and large intestine.
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If the diagnosis was under local anesthesia or an injection of pain medication, then at the end of the procedure the patient can immediately go home. In the case of general anesthesia, the patient is sent to the ward, and upon completion of the drug, he is discharged.
After the procedure, you can drink and eat. The first 3-4 hours it is desirable to lie on your stomach and climb only if necessary to the toilet.
2 Indications for diagnostic
Fibrocolonoscopy of the intestine is used when:
- ulcerative colitis;
- Crohn's disease;
- polyps;
- presence of bloody discharge in feces;
- irritable bowel syndrome.
FCC allows you to get general information about the disease itself, to identify the cause of its development. Among the available diagnostic methods, for example, ultrasound or X-ray, it is with FKS that you can biopsy the affected area and determine the nature of the pathology, remove polyps.
Fibrocolonoscopy can be repeated in order to test the effectiveness of treatment of pathology. Emergency FCC is performed with intestinal bleeding, intestinal obstruction or the presence of a foreign body.
The reason for the procedure may be an unreasonable high temperature for a long time. A sharp weight loss is also on the list of indications for the FCC.
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People with a predisposition to colon disease or oncology are required to undergo a regular examination. This diagnosis allows us to identify pathology at an early stage of its development, thereby preventing the occurrence of complications. The elderly are also at risk. At this age, bowel cancer is more often diagnosed. Therefore, those over the age of 50 are required to check the condition of their intestines as a preventive measure. Doctors recommend the procedure at least once a year.
Inflammation of the large intestine causes edema of the intestinal wall, reduced mucus production and impaired muscle contraction. In this case, fibrocolonoscopy is done, which allows to assess the degree of inflammation of the intestine and to reveal pathology, to take a sample of the affected tissue for further examination.
FCC makes it possible to detect even minor ulcers and erosion on the rectal wall.
Indications for manipulation are frequent and liquid diarrhea with blood, pain in the left side of the abdomen and joints, as well as high body temperature.
3 When can not be examined?
Despite the positive results of diagnosis, FCC can not be carried out by all patients. Fibrocolonoscopy is categorically prohibited for acute myocardial infarction, peritonitis, stroke, atherosclerosis and perforation of intestinal walls.
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In case of myocardial infarction, the procedure is considered dangerous and can cause death. Any methods of endoscopic examination are prohibited. Complication with perforation of the intestine can be profuse bleeding, which can only be removed surgically. Peritonitis is considered a serious illness. In a patient with peritonitis, the general condition is considered extremely severe. Therefore, any endoscopic examination can lead to serious complications.
With progression or exacerbation of ulcerative colitis, the procedure is also not carried out.
An abnormal heart rhythm, pulmonary insufficiency, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis and a patient's serious condition are contraindications to this procedure. With pulmonary insufficiency, blood circulation is disturbed. The patient is in serious condition, so FCC in this disease is considered extremely undesirable.
FCC may adversely affect the patient's well-being with inguinal or umbilical hernia, with hernial protrusion of the walls. If there is an artificial valve in the heart, the doctor conducts a complete examination of the patient and prescribes a course of antibiotic treatment. Only after this it is possible to conduct a survey. However, the risk of complications in this case is quite large.
If the patient has a stagnant blood in the intestinal cavity, then the FCC is better to postpone.
4 Preparatory activities
Because the colon is subject to examination, the FCC procedure must be carefully prepared. The result and informative value of fibrocolonoscopy largely depend on the quality of the patient's preparation for the procedure.
First of all it is required to clean the intestines of stool. As a rule, fibrocolonoscopy is performed on an empty stomach in the morning. Therefore, one day before the scheduled date of the procedure, you need to drink 40 g of castor oil. All known laxatives, such as Bisacodyl or Senna, doctors do not recommend taking, as they can provoke an increase in intestinal tone. If this recommendation is not followed, the examination process will be more painful and unpleasant for the patient.
After emptying the intestine, it is necessary to put a cleansing enema. For an enema, an adult will have 1.5 liters of water. Doing an enema is best before bed. Again, it must be done in the morning.
If a person categorically refers to enemas, then you can use another way to cleanse the intestines. For example, take the drug Fortrans at a rate of 1 packet per hour. The packet should be diluted in 1 liter of warm boiled water.
In the presence of hemorrhoids, the procedure must be prepared in advance.3 days before the scheduled date of manipulation should adhere to a sparing diet. Exclude from the diet heavy fatty and fried foods, peas, cabbage, beans, sweet fizzy drinks and alcohol. Should be abandoned greens, smoked products, canned food and milk. Preference should be given to vegetable soups, boiled meat and fish, sour-milk products, jelly, cheese, fruits and herbal teas. These days, you should increase fluid intake. The average daily fluid norm should not be less than 1.5 liters.
During these 3 days, it is necessary to take soft laxatives. One such drug is Endofalk. The medicine is presented in the form of a powder. Brew a packet of powder in 500 ml of warm boiled water. This drug increases peristalsis and cleanses the intestines. Well cleanses the intestine of Fleth Phospho-soda. This drug is taken 2 times a day. This medicine increases the intestinal contents and softens the stool masses.
The main task of medications is that they do not allow you to suck substances into the stomach and intestines. As a result, digested food freely and quickly passes through the gastrointestinal tract. Soft laxatives do not violate the water-salt balance of the body.
- 1 What is FCC?
- 2 Indications for the diagnosis
- 3 When can not be examined?
- 4 Preparatory activities for
Who has not encountered diseases of the digestive system or intestines, he is not familiar with such a concept as fibrocolonoscopy, what is it, consider below. Fibrocolonoscopy is a diagnostic method that allows for examination in the colon and rectum. In this case, a physician on a visual picture can reveal a pathology.