Piracetam is a synthetic nootropic preparation - the first in the history of pharmacology and the main agent so far in this group.
The tool is used in psychiatry and in neurology, has a wide range of applications. Widely used it became only in 1972, although it was invented almost 10 years earlier.
Contents
- first acquaintance Pharmacokinetics and composition of the drug
- Mechanism of action
- Why is Pyracetam prescribed by narcologists, neurologists and psychiatrists?
- Who will be harmful and even dangerous?
- Dosage and course of treatment
- Cases of overdose? They are!
- "Pobochki" is also not uncommon
- Special instructions
- Interaction with alcohol
- Liver and kidney disorders
- Interaction with other drugs
- Pregnancy, lactation and child age
- Theory without practice is blind. ..
- Overview of the doctor
- Patient feedback
- Conclusions from the reviews
- Buyand storage of
The first acquaintance of
Pyracetam improves blood circulation in the brain, which improves memory and eliminates neurological disorders.
It is prescribed for elderly people as a prophylactic for strokes, for children to improve memory and behavior correction, addicts and alcoholics for withdrawal of withdrawal symptoms. It is a harmless remedy, well tolerated by the patient's body. Take it only when prescribed by the doctor. The drug belongs to the pharmacological group - psychostimulants.
Pyracetam has a beneficial effect on microcirculation and brain metabolism. Accelerates the utilization of glucose, stimulates metabolic processes in zones affected by ischemia, inhibits activation of activated platelets. It shows protective properties in brain lesions that occur as a result of oxygen starvation, intoxication and electric shock.
Pharmacokinetics and formulation of
Piracetam is manufactured as:
- capsules for 0.4 g in a package of 60 pieces;
- tablets , coated with 0.2 g in a package of 120 pieces;
- solution 20% for injection in ampoules of 5 ml, in the package - 10 ampoules.
In the solution there is active substance - piracetam, and auxiliary( sodium acetate, acetic acid and water).In tablets and capsules, in addition to the active substance of piracetam, the following components are also present:
- stearate;
- Povidone;
- ethylcellulose;
- talcum powder and other substances.
In appearance - it's oval white and fairly large tablets and capsules with white powder inside the gelatinous shell. 
The product is well absorbed and penetrates into various tissues of the body. After taking the drug, its maximum concentration in the plasma occurs in an hour. It penetrates the GEB, the placenta, has the property of accumulating in the brain tissues and human organs.
In the brain tissue enters 1-4 hours after ingestion. Of cerebrospinal fluid is the most difficult to remove - this indicates a high tropism to the tissues of the brain. Being in the body, pyracetam is not subjected to biotransformation and is excreted from the body by the kidneys in unchanged form. Bioavailability is almost 100%, regardless of the form of the drug.
Mechanism of action
The mechanism of action of this drug is not fully understood. It increases the energy potential of the body by accelerating the turnover of ATP, increasing the activity of adenylate cyclase and inhibiting nucleotide phosphatase.
Improvement of energy processes under the action of pyracetam leads to an increase in the stability of brain tissue during hypoxia and infection. Under the influence of the drug, the synthesis of nuclear RNA in the brain is enhanced.
What is Piracetam prescribed for narcologists, neurologists and psychiatrists?
Pyracetam is used in neurology, psychiatry and narcology, in neurological therapy is used according to the following indications:
- vascular pathologies of the brain with manifestations of vascular insufficiency;
- poor blood circulation in the brain;
- coma, the effects of intoxication and brain trauma;
- diseases of the nervous system, leading to a decrease in intelligence and emotionality;
- treatment of symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.
In psychiatric practice, the drug is used to treat the following diseases:
- is a neurotic depression with signs of inhibition;
- schizophrenia with sluggish apathy effect, psychoorganic syndrome, atrophic process;
- comprehensive treatment of mental illness;
- complex treatment of depressive condition;
- epileptic syndrome;
- in case of poor tolerability of antipsychotics to avoid complications.
Indications for use of Piracetam in narcology:
- relief of abstinence and delirious conditions of for alcoholism, drug addiction and in case of acute poisoning with alcoholic drinks, barbiturates, morphine;
- chronic alcoholism with permanent impairment of mental activity.
In addition, the drug is used in pediatrics to improve the learning process to eliminate the effects of brain damage during childbirth, with oligophrenia, cerebral palsy and mental retardation.
Who will be harmful and even dangerous?
Pyracetam should not be used for patient therapy if it is noted:
- is hypersensitive to the components of the medication;
- hemorrhagic stroke;
- pregnancy and lactation;
- is a psychomotor agitation;
- acute renal failure.
With extreme caution, the drug should be taken if it is found:
- hemostasis disorder;
- severe bleeding;
- extensive surgical intervention;
- chronic renal failure.
Dosages and course of treatment
The drug is taken orally, in the form of intramuscular and intravenous injections.
The drug should be taken orally before meals.
Doses are prescribed by a doctor, but according to the instructions Piracetam is taken as follows.
Dosages of Piracetam for adult patients depending on the condition:
- Tablets and capsules for chronic diseases - 1200 mg per day, divided into 3 doses, gradually increasing the dose to 3200 mg per day, and after improvement, reduce to 400 mg.
- Intramuscular injections - first 2-4 g per day, the next day - 4-6 g. The dose and course of treatment is prescribed by the doctor, based on their individual patient characteristics.
- Intravenous drug is administered in case of ischemic stroke in the form of a dropper, the daily dose is 4-12 g, the course of treatment is 2-4 weeks.
Children are given only a drug in tablets. For children aged 1 to 5 years - 800 mg per day, from 5 to 16 years - 1200-1600 mg.
Cases of overdose? They are!
An overdose of the drug occurs with different amounts of the injected agent - it is impossible to establish the exact dosage. Do not drink again, or inject. In case of an overdose, there is an increase in side effects:
- insomnia;
- tremor;
- irritability.
Patients aged may experience an exacerbation of heart failure. In this case, you must reduce the dose of the medicine. In severe cases, the stomach is washed and activated charcoal is taken.
"Pobochki" is also not uncommon
Side effects in the case of taking Pyracetam can be observed from several systems of the body.
Nervous system:
- imbalance;
- sleep disturbance;
- irritability;
- dizziness;
- depression;
- headache;
- drowsiness;
- hallucinations;
- exacerbation of epilepsy;
- alarm;
- confusion;
- is a mental agitation.
In addition, there may be manifestations of the gastrointestinal tract and other body systems:
- nausea;
- vomiting;
- diarrhea;
- decrease in blood pressure;
- fever;
- weight gain;
- hypersensitivity;
- thrombophlebitis;
- urticaria;
- dermatitis;
- itching.
Special instructions
During the treatment it is necessary to monitor the liver and kidneys regularly. Also, taking the medication can lead to insomnia, so evening medication should be done no later than 17-18 hours.
Treatment of patients with cortical myoclonia does not allow the abrupt withdrawal of Piracetam, the attacks may resume.
Interaction with alcohol
Alcohol can enhance the effect of Piratsem or reduce it. You can take the drug after a 12-hour break after taking 
alcohol.
If it is prescribed to remove the hangover syndrome, before taking it, you need to restore the water balance in the body, eliminate the headache with Aspirin or Citramon, remove the toxins with activated charcoal and only then remove the hangover with the drug.
Dosage is chosen by the doctor, based on the weight and age of the patient.
. Dysfunction of the liver and kidneys.
. If the patient has a broken liver, then adjust the dosage of the medication is not required. If the kidneys are not working properly, dosing is performed depending on the KK index.
In chronic renal failure of the last stage, treatment with piracetam is contraindicated.
Interaction with other drugs
Simultaneous treatment with thyroid hormones leads to anxiety, irritability, tremor, sleep disturbance, confusion.
In the case of use with stimulants of the central nervous system, psychostimulating effects can be enhanced. Simultaneous reception with neuroleptics leads to an increase in extrapyramidal disorders.
Pregnancy, lactation and childhood
Piracetam in pregnancy is prescribed when the threat to the fetus is less than the risk to the mother. 
The drug is not given to pregnant women in any of the three trimesters, because it penetrates the placenta, accumulates in the child's brain, which can lead to a nervous breakdown of the baby.
The medication is present in breast milk and is transmitted with it to the baby, so it is necessary either to stop breastfeeding the baby or temporarily stop the drug.
For children, the drug is prescribed from one year. It is used to correct the schoolchild's progress throughout the school year by 3.3 grams per day. Use the medicine for children only as directed by a doctor.
Theory without practice is blind. ..
A review of the doctor on Piracetam and patient feedback will help to finally clarify the situation with the effectiveness and safety of the drug.
Review of the doctor
Pyracetam is one of the most popular medicines in our country to eliminate problems with the brain. It differs in availability and low cost, harmlessness and not toxicity, the possibility of reception for preventive purposes.
The course of treatment should not exceed six months. Pyracetam does not help, as an independent medicine for certain diseases, so it is prescribed in conjunction with others. If the patient's headaches due to problems with the cervical spine, then the drug is powerless, it is necessary to eliminate the cause of the disease.
Udalova AS, doctor neurologist
Patient feedback
I had a stroke, the right arm, leg and tongue refused. The doctor prescribed Piracetam, took 10 days for 12 g and everything went away.
Vasily, 45, Tver
The drug was prescribed to my mother for memory improvement. Although she is retired, she works in responsible work. She says she did not notice any strong changes, but they are for the better.
Elena, 28, Moscow
Conclusions from the reviews
On the advice of patients, this remedy should be taken for preventive purposes to improve brain function. For the treatment of 
serious problems, it is necessary to use more modern and strong medicines.
The plus of this medication is its availability and cheapness. Many people perceive it as a vitamin for the brain. It helps with problems with the brain, improves memory, restores after strokes, improves the functions of the brain and the central nervous system.
The negative side of this drug is its adverse reactions to the kidneys, as well as the duration of treatment.
Purchase and storage of
The price of Piracetam depends on the dosage and number of tablets in the package:
- in tablets of 400 mg and in capsules of the same dosage of 60 pieces per pack - 40 rubles;
- 800 mg of 30 tablets in a package - 57 rubles;
- ampoules of 5 ml 10 pieces in a package - 30 rubles.
Tablets and ampoules should be stored away from children, at a temperature of no higher than 25 degrees and no longer than 3 years.
This drug is dispensed in a pharmacy under the prescription of a doctor. At seeming harmlessness of a preparation to accept it or him independently it is not recommended, in any case it is necessary to consult at the doctor.
