Personone-Turner syndrome( neuralgic amyotrophy) is a disease of autoimmune origin, in which the upper fascicle of the brachial plexus or the nerve endings that branch from it is affected.
For the first time the disease was discovered and described by experts in the field of neurology Personeness and Turner in 1948.This disorder was called "amyotrophic neuralgia."
Pathology can occur regardless of sex, but mostly affects young men of young and middle age. There are also cases when the disorder was diagnosed in childhood.
Contents
- Pathogenesis of pathology
- What is the cause of the disorder?
- Features of clinical picture
- Diagnosis of
- Modern medicine in action
- Primary therapy
- Secondary therapy
Pathogenesis of pathology
The disease is often confused with the defeat of nerve roots. The pathological process begins with sudden severe pain in the area of the scapula or shoulder. In a few days, partial paralysis of the muscles of the shoulder girdle, innervated by the upper trunk of the brachial plexus, may occur.
Usually the painful sensations of an acute nature begin to disturb the patient at night or in the morning. Because of pain, the motor activity of the shoulder joint is limited.
Gradually, the pain becomes less intense, but a few weeks after the manifestation of the first symptoms, the weakness and depletion of the muscles of the shoulder girdle develops and as a consequence - flaccid paralysis of the muscles of the shoulder and proximal arm.
In this neuralgic atrophy affects the anterior dentate muscle, supraspinatus, subacute, deltoid and trapezius muscles.
Sometimes the pathological process involves the muscles of the forearm or hand, and spasms of individual bundles of muscle fibers occur. The sensitivity remains intact or with minimal disturbances. Sometimes there is a feeling of numbness and tingling. The strength and volume of movements in the distal sections are relatively constant.
What is the cause of the violation?
The exact cause that provokes the disease, has not been determined to date. In the development of the pathological process, 
can be involved in immunological, environmental and hereditary factors.
Physicians believe that in most cases the ailment develops because of an immune inflammatory reaction to the effects of infection or a harmful environmental factor that adversely affects the nerves of the brachial plexus. Thus, a viral infection is the main cause contributing to the onset of this pathology.
Secondary factors include:
- , operations on the brachial plexus;
- muscle strain with strong physical exertion;
- received injuries;
- bacterial and parasitic infections;
- diseases of rheumatological and autoimmune nature;
- delivery;
- genetic predisposition.
Features of the clinical picture
The distinctive symptom of Persononej Turner syndrome is the sharp onset of pain in one of the shoulders. To exceptional cases, the occurrence of bilateral pain can be attributed.
As a rule, the onset is acute, but sometimes the pain comes gradually with a rapid increase in intensity and severity.
Often, patients complain of sharp, aching, stitching or burning pains. They can also extend to the neck or the entire arm of the affected side.
If the symptoms are more detailed, they look like this:
- the pain appears suddenly without any predetermining cause, for example, trauma;
- pain localization - shoulder and forearm area;
- pain rolls in waves;
- affects only one side of the body;
- pain can last up to several days, after which the hand weakens in several different muscle groups;
- weakness of the hand can be quite pronounced, but it gradually passes.
Diagnosis of
It is possible to diagnose the disease after collecting an anamnesis and a complete examination of the patient's physical condition. Cervical spine examinations using X-rays or MRI may not show any results.
Sometimes the same symptoms appear with a hernia of the cervical region, which causes pinching of the nerves. In order to determine 
the true cause of the pathology is the electromyography procedure.
An exact diagnosis of the causes and signs of pain in the shoulder and forearm is mandatory. The danger of an incorrect diagnosis is that amyotrophic neuralgia is often mistaken for manifestations of another ailment, which leads to the appointment of a surgical treatment that is unnecessary.
Differentiation of Persononej-Terren syndrome is necessary from such diseases:
- bursitis;
- calcium tendonitis;
- Guillain-Barre syndrome;
- mono;
- amyotrophic sclerosis;
- polyneuropathy.
Modern medicine in action
Treatment of the syndrome will be carried out in stages. At the first stage pain relief is performed. The second stage involves the passage of rehabilitation and further complete healing.
Primary therapy
At the initial stage, the inflammatory process, which is localized in the shoulder joint and affects the nerve endings, is accompanied by acute unbearable pain. In this case, the treatment will be directed to the elimination of pain. For this purpose, the following groups of drugs are prescribed:
- oral steroids - reduce inflammation;
- analgesic non-steroidal strongly potent;
- neurotropic agents - promote the stabilization of neuronal membranes and also reduce pain;
- corticosteroids - reduce the duration of pain, but have many side effects.
Secondary therapy
After the strong painful sensations are eliminated, the next stage of therapy begins. Patient for complete recovery will need to be patient, because the rehabilitation process can take quite a long time.
A special criterion of effectiveness will be the formulation of a correct diagnosis, which will allow you to select the most effective treatment tactics.
In some cases, the surgical procedure is used. In this case, an operation is performed to dissect the middle staircase muscle, as well as the reinnervation of the anterior dentate muscle. However, this method is used extremely rarely due to the fact that the disease, as a rule, is of an infectious nature.
The patient also needs physiotherapy and a rehabilitation course to restore the motor functions.
Physiotherapy methods are aimed at restoring the range of arm movement, returning strength and restoring normal shoulder function, and forearm. These methods include:
- electrophoresis;
- ultrasound;
- UV irradiation;
- manual therapy;
- mud treatment;
- balneotherapy with the adoption of rhodonic baths;
- also very effective are acupuncture and therapeutic gymnastics.
The greatest danger in this case is the acceptance of the symptoms of brachial neuritis for signs of an intervertebral hernia, which leads to the appointment of an inappropriate and as a consequence an ineffective method of surgical and drug treatment. 
The prognosis for this disease is quite favorable. In most cases, the patient is able to restore the full strength and functioning of the hand. Practice shows that in almost 90% of all patients complete recovery is noted. However, this process can take about two years or more.
The speed of the recovery process will depend on the individual characteristics of the human body and other factors. Sometimes, some patients have residual chronic pain. Also in medicine are described rare cases when patients became disabled.
The most important preventative measure is the timely treatment begun and adherence to all medical prescriptions. If you find the slightest pain symptoms, you should visit a specialist as soon as possible.
