As practice shows, surgery to remove the thyroid gland is often, unnecessarily. According to the World Health Organization, the order of , 60% of the population have some problems with the thyroid gland .The key to full recovery is timely diagnosis. It does not matter what symptoms and what's bothering - any delay in going to the doctor always reduces the chances of successful treatment.
When it comes to parathyroid and thyroid gland, then procrastination is simply disastrous - very often the enlarged gland is confused with oncology and therefore resort to surgery, which is an incorrect tactic. Enlarged iron can be benign in nature and this condition is mostly eliminated by drug therapy , in some cases, even by taking special vitamins.
The College of Physicians recognizes only two cases for surgical intervention:
- mechanical trauma of either both lobes or the entire thyroid gland;
- detection of a malignant node in the gland tissue.
Before agreeing to an operation, it is necessary to undergo a special examination that will help determine how urgent the use of surgical intervention is. Analyzes can be passed in many clinics, they consist of:
- studies of thyroglobulin level( TSH);
- ultrasound of the thyroid gland and lymph nodes;
- fine-needle biopsy of thyroid nodules;
- scintigraphy of the thyroid and parathyroid glands in the case of thyrotoxicosis and nodes;
- when planning pregnancy, to exclude the genetic form of the disease, take tests for the RET-protooncogene.
Effects of thyroid removal
Like any surgical operation, thyroid removal can not go without a trace on the body. A lot of patients have a whole group of unpleasant consequences, which are related both to the specifics of the operation itself and to the postoperative period. Operational complications are usually associated with the experience of the surgeon and, fortunately, are quite rare in practice. But still there are patients who have vocal cord damage, and as a consequence - voice disturbance, as well as bruising, bleeding and suppuration of the wound, which in rare cases can impose disability. Where more attention deserves complications arising after the operation.
This complication was called "postoperative hypothyroidism."In fact, this is a deficit of thyroid hormones with all the symptoms characteristic of it. Such patients are concerned:
- thermoregulation disorders( chills are felt even in rooms with high temperature);
- blunting sensation of the senses: sight, hearing and taste deteriorate;
- change in the emotional component: the patient falls into depression, becomes irritable;
- a failure of almost all organs and systems: increased arrhythmia, bile stagnant, pursues nausea with vomiting, gases accumulate.
This disease is particularly severe in women. Female body with great difficulty begins to adapt to changes after surgery. To the above described manifestations are added:
- changes in body weight in view of the pathology of metabolism;
- is the business card of many women, a person who begins to suffer from swelling that occurs due to a violation of the outflow of tissue fluid. The skin structure itself also deteriorates, it acquires a yellow tint;
- has problems in the intimate sphere, such as infertility or frigidity, and changes in the course of the menstrual cycle.
With drug therapy, the main problem will be the choice of a rational dosage of thyroxine. It is necessary that the patient strictly observe the recommendations prescribed by the doctor, and try to live according to the regime.
The dosage will depend on the level of the thyroid-stimulating hormone( TSH).Correctly selected dose will keep the level of TSH within normal limits. If the level of thyroglobulin goes beyond the limits of normal values - the dose is adjusted. An exception is the malignant nodes in the thyroid - in this case, the level of TSH is deliberately understated, so as not to contribute to the progression of the disease.
Future moms to note
Many girls and women are concerned about how compatible their ailment and future pregnancy are. We can say that if certain rules are observed, the life of the mother and the future baby will not be threatened and there are no reasons to be afraid to become pregnant.
The main thing is to observe the endocrinologist during pregnancy. Normally, the body's need for thyroglobulin increases approximately two-fold. If the body of the child by the 19 th week of life itself is able to synthesize thyroglobulin, then, in addition to its own thyreoglobulin, the mother needs a large amount of iodine. In case of its deficiency, the thyroid gland of the child will begin to suffer already in the prenatal state, which is fraught with mental and physical abnormalities that entail disability. Properly selected replacement therapy is important, in which the normal level of trace elements and hormones, such as thyroglobulin, will be fully observed.
Disability after removal of thyroid
Thyroid gland damage, up to its removal, is not a compulsory reason for disability, since people with such a disease, with proper therapy, are full members of society. Although you can not completely cure this disease. Disability can be assigned only in three cases:
- when there is a disability after the illness;
- when there are limitations of legal capacity;
- when special devices are needed, whether it's a cane or a wheelchair.
And it is in these cases, not the absence of the gland itself, but the worsening of vital activity that can arise, gives reasons to hand the patient to a disability, as he is forbidden to engage in work that:
- is accompanied by physical exertion;
- is associated with responsibility and concentration;
- is associated with the increased performance of the speech device.
Also reduce the ability to work will be sudden temperature changes in the workplace or dusty rooms.
Weight loss in postoperative hypothyroidism
A diet designed to preserve a female figure should be based on the following principles:
- minimum of foods high in calories;
- a strict meal schedule;
- adjustment of the hormonal background by drugs.
It is important not to forget that obesity is not caused by all the same factors.
If for young men and women such principles help in the elimination of deficiencies, in the elderly who have suffered the removal of the thyroid gland, secondary diseases can also affect obesity. In such cases, in order to lose weight and protect the body from unnecessary strain, general control and treatment of these diseases is required.
And in case there are no problems with the figure, the diet should still be sparing. If possible, it is worth:
- completely eliminate canned products( sausages and marinades);
- enter into the diet products in which there is an increased proportion of vitamins and minerals;
- the norm should be the use of iodinated products, in particular salt.
If you follow the small rules, you can live, forgetting about the consequences of the operation and about the disease itself.
