Disease
Disease
Disease

Angioencephalopathy is a dangerous cerebrovascular disease

click fraud protection

angioencephalopathy Angioencephalopathy is a vascular pathology, in which the activity of the brain is disrupted due to the constant dilution of blood circulation. The prevalence of this disease among the population is 5%.

Among the vascular disorders of the brain, this disease is one of the first places. In the risk zone are mostly adults. Hypertensive angioencephalopathy of the brain is diagnosed primarily in people over forty years of age. A greater likelihood of the disease occurs in people with significant mental stress.

Unlike stroke and other related diseases, this pathology does not manifest itself as an acute condition. Soil for ontogeny of encephalopathy is prolonged oxygen starvation of brain tissues.

Causes and pathogenesis of

The onset of this disorder is due to the presence of vascular disease. The following factors that trigger the onset of angiocephalopathy are noted:

  • atherosclerosis;cerebral atherosclerosis
  • hormonal disorders;
  • vegetative-vascular dystonia;
  • decreased blood pressure;
  • insta story viewer
  • presence of thrombosis with inflamed veins;
  • increase in viscosity of arterial blood;
  • inherited damage to the blood vessels;
  • manifestation of systemic vasculitis;
  • impaired cardiac cycle;
  • congenital defects of vertebral arteries;
  • presence of decompensated diabetes mellitus;
  • defects in the development of the cervical vertebra;
  • previously suffered injuries;
  • the presence of hypertension;
  • impaired cervical vertebrae stability;
  • presence of kidney disease.

The basic causative factors for the onset of pathology are arterial hypertension and atherosclerosis. Equally important is the aortic, shoulder, neck and brain defects. The inadequacy of cerebral hemodynamics is also associated with venous pathologies. The initial morphogenesis of chronic cerebral ischemia is caused by the compression of venous and arterial vessels.

Adverse effects on cerebral blood flow have reduced blood pressure.

Very often, the pathology of the circulation arises against the background of the development of diabetes mellitus. Other pathological processes lead to vascular cerebral deficiency: blood diseases, specific and nonspecific vasculitis, rheumatism.

All the above diseases and conditions cause permanent hypoperfusion of the brain, in which the brain constantly lacks the necessary metabolic elements( glucose and oxygen).

Progressive damage to small arteries contributes to bilateral ischemic injury, which in turn leads to an inoperative brain function and cerebral vascular encephalopathy.

cerebral thrombosis The disorder of hemodynamics in the brain is affected by the structure of plaques. Fragile plaques cause arterial blockages and acute disorders of cerebral circulation.

With hemorrhage in such a plaque, it rapidly increases in volume, with a further increase in all signs of cerebral circulation deficiency.

Symptoms of abnormality from stage to stage

Angioencephalopathy manifests itself in a general clinical picture:

  • decreased concentration of attention;
  • memory corruption;
  • absent-mindedness and headache;
  • rapid fatigue;
  • poor sleep;
  • depressed mood;
  • degradation of performance;
  • mood swings.

In general, the expression of symptoms depends on the degree of the disease.

  1. At , the initial stages of ( microangioencephalopathy) change the pathetic sphere of the patient. There is a decline in strength and a change in mood. Most patients begin to suffer from depression. Very weakly manifested mental distress.
  2. angioencephalopathy of the second degree is characterized by a rapid decrease in memory, thinking and attention. There are violations in the motor system.
  3. The 3rd degree of is manifested by the most severe symptoms. At this stage, the appearance of dementia. Due to abnormal activity of the brain, somatic symptoms begin to manifest( myotic pain).The manifestation of all signs depends, in particular, on the zone of constant ischemia. With the death of nerve cells in the subcortical structures, there is noise in the ears, general nedomaganie, sleep disturbance and unstable mood. Disordered thinking suggests that in this process, the cerebral cortex takes part in which the centers of higher nervous activity are located. With crustal ischemia, there is a sharp decrease in memory. When such a symptom arises, patients can not clearly draw up a plan of their actions and specifically focus on something.

Diagnostic criteria

First of all, symptomatic diagnosis is performed, in which the physician must collect a complete history and determine the development of the main symptoms and the presence of somatic pathologies. It is also necessary to conduct a physical examination, which consists of measuring blood pressure, counting the pulse, listening to heart sounds. It is necessary to carry out neurological tests. pressure manometer

To determine the scarcity of the blood circulation of the brain, a screening inspection is carried out. This diagnostic method should include such activities as:

  • carotid artery hearing;
  • Neuropsychiatric testing;
  • neuroimaging;
  • ultrasound examination of the central arteries of the head.
According to the doctors it is believed that the circulatory deficit of the brain is diagnosed in 80% of patients who have stenosing lesions of the main head arteries.

To determine the cause of vascular encephalopathy, laboratory tests are being conducted. Patients should submit a clinical blood test, blood biochemistry, coagulation analysis and blood glucose level.

To determine areas of pathology in the brain, such examinations as electroencephalography, MRI and CT are carried out. It is also possible to conduct auxiliary examination methods: ultrasound and electrocardiography, which determine the presence of diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Medical care

The goal of treatment of angioencephalopathy is the suspension and stabilization of destructive reactions in the cerebral circulation and the therapy of concomitant microsomatic processes.

Constant impairment of the blood circulation of the brain is not an occasion for hospitalization of the patient. But if this insufficiency is complicated by a stroke or somatic defectiveness, inpatient treatment will be needed.

The following treatment methods are applied:

  1. Medication Therapy .In this case, drugs from the group of nootropics( Nootropil, Pyracetam) are used. These Nootropil medications improve metabolism in the cerebral tissue. Also, therapy with vascular cerebroprotective drugs is used - Cavinton, Cinnarizine.
  2. Hypotensive treatment .It consists in correcting and maintaining blood pressure at a certain rate. Normalization of pressure at the level of 140-150 mm Hg.st prevents further increase in motor and mental disorder. Patients are prescribed antihypertensive drugs that protect the remaining neurons from a repeated degenerative disorder after a stroke. This type of therapy prevents the occurrence of primary and secondary disorders in the circulation of the brain.
  3. Treatment of diabetes mellitus .
  4. Lowering of cholesterol level .For this, medicines and a special diet are used.
  5. Surgical intervention .In the case of stenosing lesions of the central head arteries, in most cases, a surgical removal of the zone of poor permeability of the vessels is performed. Reconstructive surgery is carried out mainly in the field of endogenous carotid arteries. Such operations are done in the event that more than seventy percent of the diameter of the vessel is blocked.

The sooner the treatment is started, the greater the probability of a complete cure of the disease. Doctors find it difficult to make any predictions about this disease, since its course depends on specific factors:

  • location and range of the affected area;
  • timely diagnosis and initiation of therapy;
  • general condition of the patient;
  • severity of primary disease.

brain damage For patients with angioencephalopathy, background therapy should be conducted continuously. It consists in the appointment of antiaggregant drugs that stabilize blood pressure.

Untimely treatment of vascular diseases of the brain leads to such consequences as oxygen starvation, vascular disruption, the development of prolonged brain deficiency and hemorrhage.

In patients, there are groundless fits of laughter and hysterics. There is a coordinated discord and signs of oral automatism. In patients, the voice changes, and unconscious movements of the lips appear. Due to damage to the occipital part of the brain, there is a deterioration in vision or complete loss of vision.

  • Share