All people perceive events around them in their own way. Normally, if the mood, depending on the situation, becomes elevated or sad, angry or apathetic.
But it is abnormal if a depressive mood and an angry mood are delayed for a long time. This condition is called dysphoria.
Such a mood disorder is very dangerous for mental and physical health.
Contents
- Angry affect and its essence
- What causes the disorder
- Forms of aggressively depressive affect
- What is the specificity of gender affect disorder?
- What are the symptoms of the
- disorder? What should I look for to the
- family? Therapeutic measures package
- What consequences can there be?
Malignant affect and its essence
By dysphoria is meant a bad mood( malicious affect), accompanied by a feeling of depression, anger, nervousness, unreasonable aggression, sullenness, sadness, discontent with surrounding people and circumstances, various phobias.
A negative attitude arises most often all of a sudden, lasting from a few hours to many days and even weeks. It manifests itself as an independent malaise and as a complication in certain neurological and mental diseases: epilepsy, paranoia, psychopathy, organic lesions of the central nervous system.
This condition usually does not last long, ends usually sharply, that is, all the symptoms suddenly disappear without a trace. If the dysphoric disorder is prolonged, or the patient is treated with medication, then the positive mood returns gradually.
When dysphoria is accompanied by a manic-depressive psychosis, the patient often has amnesia after it is completed. In other words, the patient completely does not remember what happened to him during the depressive state.
What causes the disorder
Dysphoric disorder is not a sign of any one disease. It is caused by a whole complex of different mental and neurological disorders and diseases associated with a state of dissatisfaction.
The appearance of an evil affect depends on the negative changes in life, as well as in the mental and physical state of the body: stress, sexual discomfort, hormonal failures, organic brain damage, disorders in the central nervous system.
Dysphoria can also be inherited. Doctors call this form of the disease a "virus of despondency" and claim that they are infected with an embryo in the womb if it is constantly in a tearful state during pregnancy.
In most cases, such a syndrome is a symptom of brain pathologies or mental disorders and manifests itself in the following diseases:
- psychopathy;
- schizophrenia;
- epilepsy;
- atherosclerosis of cerebral vessels, strokes;
- organic disorders in the brain;
- hypoglycaemia;
- various phobias;
- oligophrenia;
- atrophic processes in the brain in the elderly( dementia).
In addition, dysphoric disorder can provoke stress, shock situations, prolonged depression, unhappy situation and domestic violence. Depressed mood is often observed in people suffering from alcohol, drug and game addiction.
In women, the state of the psyche changes markedly before menstruation or menopause, during pregnancy( the so-called premenstrual dysphoric disorder).No person is immune from the development of such a condition.
Below are the risk factors that can cause disease even in healthy people:
- chronic fatigue, nervous system exhaustion due to insomnia;
- excessive alcohol consumption, white fever;
- reception of narcotic substances destroying the central nervous system;
- influenza and other diseases that weaken the immune system and exhaust the body's strength;
- hormonal failures, prolonged abstinence from sexual relations;
- rheumatism;
- constant stress;
- Disease of Itenko-Cushing;
- hereditary predisposition.
Forms of aggressively depressive affect
Currently, the official medicine recognizes three main types of dysphoria:
- Gender .A severe mental condition, in which a person refuses to take his own biological sex, feels
dissatisfaction from what is not the person he would like. People with gender dysphoria are mentally and mentally perfectly healthy. However, changing sex can sometimes make you sick of psychopaths and schizophrenics. This is why patients who are going to a sex change surgery are carefully checked by doctors for mental disorders. - Premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Temporary mental disorder, often observed in women before menstruation or with hormonal diseases. Premenstrual dysphoria is characterized by tearfulness, irritability, resentment, capriciousness, migraine, lack of appetite. It is observed in many women, recently it is considered almost the norm. Women usually do not go to the doctor.
- Postcoital .An episodic mental disorder caused in both sexes by dissatisfaction with a sexual partner or own appearance. Postcoital dysphoria is manifested through aversion to the sexual partner, painful sensations during sexual acts, accompanied by depression and gloominess, occurs several hours after intimacy.
What is the specificity of gender affect disorder?
Gender dysphoria is a complex mental disorder whose symptoms manifest itself in childhood and remain for life, so it is worth talking about it in more detail. Children with a gendered form of the disease believe that they belong to the opposite sex: boys play with dolls and put on dresses, girls have the opposite.
With the transition age, the situation is only aggravated: the boys and girls refuse to accept their body, are in constant depression. Mature people usually become transvestites. There are gender dysphoria and homosexuality. A person who is attracted to the persons of his sex fully recognizes and accepts his sex.
In a person with a dysphoric disorder, psychological and biological sex do not coincide, therefore it seems to him that his attraction is heterosexual. Such people are very unhappy: society treats them with aggression and condemnation, and human rights defenders rarely take their side. Because of the constant humiliation and suffering, many of them are decided to the extreme measure: the operation to change the sex.
This is a long-term medical event, consisting of several complex surgical procedures, visits to psychologists and psychotherapists, receptions of hormonal complexes. Before the operation, the patient must undergo mandatory medical examination, during which doctors are convinced that dissatisfaction with sex is not caused by schizophrenia or psychopathy.
There are several factors that lead to the development of gender dysphoria in a person:
- various hormonal disorders in the mother during gestation;
- some endocrine diseases, a discrepancy between the chromosome and the physical sex;
- latent hermaphroditism, the presence of underdeveloped organs, characteristic of the other sex.
What are the symptoms of
? Disorder may occur in varying degrees. An easy degree of disease is observed in people experiencing constant stress. It is accompanied by an unreasonable anger, irony, insidiousness, sarcasm, grumbling.
With a severe degree of mood disorder, the usual symptoms of dysphoria are added to hallucinations and impaired motor activity. A person becomes either very active, excited, or, conversely, inhibited, slow. 
If dysphoria is associated with organic brain damage, then a person experiences headache and dizziness, his sensitivity threshold changes.
Conventional touching the skin or harmless irritants cause it burning and itching. In the elderly, a mental disorder manifests itself in the form of apathy, feelings of anguish, despair, despair. Young people behave more violent and aggressive: groundlessly attacking surrounding people, angry, annoyed, finding fault with every little thing.
What you should pay attention to relatives
Suspected person with dysphoria can only be close people. The patient himself never acknowledges that his psyche is not in order. He sincerely considers his condition a natural reaction to the allegedly occurring around him negative events. It is necessary to urgently lead a person to a psychologist or psychiatrist if he has a long time observed:
- irritability;
- resentment;
- aggressiveness, propensity to violence;
- tearfulness, sadness;
- excessive chatteriness;Megalomania;
- depressiveness, indifference to life, a sense of desperation.
Complex of therapeutic measures
You can get rid of the mild form of dysphoria yourself. To do this, it is enough to use relaxing procedures and do auto-training. But with a serious disorder, you need to see a doctor. Usually, two methods are used to treat dysphoria: medicamentous and psychotherapeutic.
And the patient often is assigned not one drug, but the whole group:
- barbiturates , relaxing nervous system, effective against epilepsy;
- sedatives , relieving aggression and irritability;
- antidepressants for preventing depression;
- hormones with premenstrual or gender dysphoria.
If a mood disorder is a symptom of a mental illness, then it is treated first.
As for the psychotherapeutic method, the doctors conduct sessions of psychoanalysis and cognitive therapy. Their main goal: reducing aggression, combining the patient's actual behavior with his ideas about himself, increasing self-esteem, replacing negative behavioral reactions with positive and acceptable emotions in society.
The task of the psychologist: to teach the patient to cope with their feelings, change his thinking and attitude to the world around for the better.
It is important for a person who is going through psychotherapy to feel that they sympathize with him and sympathize with him, that they do not turn away from him. This greatly helps the adaptation in society during the rehabilitation period. If the patient behaves extremely inadequately, treatment is carried out in a hospital.
What consequences can there be?
If the dysphoria is delayed for several days or weeks, and a person does not attempt to overcome it, then physiological and nervous disorders inevitably arise in the body: blood pressure jumps, tachycardia, drying out of the mucous membranes, insomnia, and lack of appetite.
Irritation and anger gradually turn into apathy, indifference to everything, despair. In a patient in this state, the craving for alcohol and narcotic drugs increases, a desire to commit a crime or suicide appears. That usually happens.
Since dysphoria is very often the cause of suicide, it is important to find a person in a timely manner with this person and begin treatment to prevent a tragedy.
