1 Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract

By medicine, more than a hundred diseases of the gastrointestinal tract have been established, in which vomiting and diarrhea can begin. From which only ailments does not suffer a person - this is indigestion, and violation of intestinal motility, peptic ulcer disease of the stomach and duodenum, dystrophy of the liver and inflammation of the sigmoid colon, violations of the passivity of the esophagus and adhesive processes of the intestine, hemorrhoids. The list of diseases with which patients turn to gastroenterologists is quite impressive.

In the risk group, first of all, there are people with moving psyche, inhabitants of megacities, leaders. In our time it is difficult to find a person who does not have problems with the work of the gastrointestinal tract. The reasons for the occurrence of such diseases are many. These are low quality food products and drinking water, the sanitary condition of which deteriorates every year, the ecological situation and much more.

If a violation of the work of one of the gastrointestinal organs is a chain reaction followed by disorders of the activities of other organs involved in the digestive chain. For example, if acidity of the gastric juice is disturbed, there are problems with the duodenum, where the digestion takes place and the process of digesting food begins, which then enters the intestine. The intestine with an increased secretion of gastric juice suffers from constipation, which can provoke hemorrhoids, adhesive and tumor processes.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can be divided into inflammatory and infectious. Each disease has three degrees of difficulty: acute, mixed and chronic. Inflammatory diseases can occur at any time and are provoked by malfunctions of internal organs, malnutrition, metabolic disorders, stressful situations.

Infectious diseases usually result from the ingress and parasitization of pathogenic microorganisms in the human body. If you do not treat infections, they become inflammatory.

2 Symptoms of disorders of the digestive tract

Gastrointestinal disorders have occurred at least once in a lifetime for each person. The most characteristic symptoms of gastrointestinal problems are nausea, diarrhea and vomiting. These processes indicate a serious poisoning with subsequent intoxication of the body.

Often, vomiting and fever in the adult are accompanied by severe diarrhea. So the intestine reacts to a poor-quality product or infection and tries to purify the mucous membrane, through which the absorption and spread of infection through the tissues of internal organs and the mucous membrane of the body through the blood flow. The temperature and diarrhea in an adult are clear evidence of an infectious infection of the body. Sometimes nausea and vomiting in an adult are signs of a psychosomatic disorder.

Classic Poisoning Symptoms:

• dizziness;
• cold sweat;
• nausea;
• vomiting;
• diarrhea;
• plentiful gassing in the intestine;
• weakness;
• sudden temperature increase;
• blood pressure jumps;
• anemia of the extremities;
• heart palpitations;
• shortness of breath.

If you find at least one sign of illness, you should not risk and try to ease your condition yourself. Seek qualified help. Sometimes there are so heavy conditions with poisoning that a person can fall into a coma. It is only the doctor who can properly wash the stomach and provide first aid.

Nausea, diarrhea and vomiting sometimes can be symptoms of autoimmune diseases, psychosomatic disorders, metastatic tumors.

Accordingly, in order to identify the causes of sudden vomiting and diarrhea, accurate diagnosis is required with a biochemical analysis of blood and urine.

3 The main causes of vomiting and diarrhea

Vomiting and diarrhea in an adult can be caused by several reasons. But everyone should know the typical diseases:

1. Rotavirus infection is an infectious disease caused by viruses that damage the mucosa of the small intestine.
2. Dysentery is an infectious disease caused by E. coli and provokes severe inflammatory processes in the intestine and stomach.
3. Salmonellosis is an acute intestinal infection that causes severe intoxication and lesions of the digestive tract.
4. Cholera is an infectious disease, the causative agent of which is the cholera vibrio, which affects the small intestine. Causes watery diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, severe dehydration.
5. Gastroenteritis is an inflammatory disease of the stomach and small intestine.

The correct diagnosis can be performed only by the gastroenterologist, so self-medication is dangerous for the patient's life. Conventional nausea can be a serious symptom of irreversible processes in the body.

4 Methods of treatment of diseases of the digestive tract

To treat classical diseases of the gastrointestinal tract can be medicated, taking medications to improve digestion, diluting blood, containing the necessary groups of enzymes, relaxing the muscular muscles of the stomach and intestines. Well-established:

1. "Panzinorm" - a complex enzyme preparation that replaces the enzymes of the stomach and pancreas.
2. "Mezim" - a drug that facilitates the work of the pancreas. Relieves the severity of overeating, sluggish digestion of food with stagnant phenomena of the stomach and intestines, supplementing the secret of the gastric mucosa with a set of enzymes.
3. "Pancreatin" - an enzymatic agent that facilitates the pancreas.
4. "Fosfalugel" - a medicinal product for fighting diarrhea. Diarrhea is not an independent disease, it is usually only a symptom of a disease.
5. "Enterosgel" - a good purifier of blood and mucous at the cellular level. Indispensable for poisoning, vomiting, diarrhea.
6. "Maalox" - a drug of increased demand, copes well with the pain syndrome in diseases of the digestive tract, improves digestion, eliminates heartburn, belching, bloating.
7. Smecta is a drug that is allowed even to infants with severe diarrhea.
8. "Almagel" - enveloping adsorbent, which provides quick help in cases of severe poisoning and intoxication of the body.

Do not neglect and folk remedies for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. Treat diseases of the digestive tract can be decoctions of chamomile flowers, nettle, St. John's wort, yarrow, sage, immortelle, tansy, mountaineer bird, plantain, celandine, amaranth flowers, hips.

Patient should be patient and try to protect themselves from stressful situations in order to overcome the disease and prevent its transition to a chronic stage.

5 Diets

In gastroenterology, there are several special diets for normalizing the work of patients with the gastrointestinal tract.

Main diets:

1. Diet № 1. It is indicated for chronic gastritis with high acidity, peptic ulcer of stomach and duodenum during remission. Includes steamed dishes, stewed lean meat, boiled fish, baked apples, fresh fruit compotes, milk soups, low-fat cottage cheese, vegetable purees.

2. Diet № 1а.It is shown with exacerbations of peptic ulcer during the first week of bleeding, as well as with burns of the esophagus, acute forms of gastritis with increased secretion. Eating every 2-3 hours in small portions. Avoid spices, salty foods and foods, fresh juices, diuretics. Food should not be too rough. Steamed vegetables should be eaten in a grated kind. The diet also includes boiled lean meat, steamed fish, soft-boiled eggs, and not strong teas.

3. Diet № 2. It is shown to people suffering from chronic gastritis with low acidity, during the post-operation period, during exacerbations of enterocolitis, intestinal infections. Includes soups of cereals, lean boiled meat, steamed fish, boiled vegetables, fruit compotes, baked apples.

4. Diet No. 3. Indicated for people with chronic constipation. Food should not be too abundant, meals every 3-4 hours in small portions. In the morning on an empty stomach to drink a glass of warm water with a teaspoon of honey, at night drink a glass of fat-free yogurt. The diet includes the following set of products: wholemeal bread, vegetable soups, beets, carrots, zucchini, fruit and vegetable juices, salads from fresh tomatoes, cucumbers, lean boiled meat and steamed fish.

5. Diet № 4. It is shown to persons suffering from gastroenterocolitis, dysentery in acute stage. Such patients need to eat only from parboiled foods, exclude fatty meat, spices, as well as fried, smoked, salted.

6. Diet No. 5. It is indicated for chronic liver diseases, bile ducts. The diet limits the use of meat dishes, roast, smoked, sour, salty, sweet. Recommended intake of boiled fish, soft-boiled eggs, steamed cutlets from low-fat varieties of meat, vegetable soups, vinaigrettes.

7. Diet No. 5 p. It is indicated for chronic pancreatitis. The diet is 5-6 times a day, it excludes fatty protein foods, spicy, sweet, smoked, cabbage, beans, strong drinks.

6 Prevention of

Most people living in megacities are potential patients of a gastroenterologist. Most often, poisoning happens through the fault of the person. Many are not used to even washing their hands after a public transport or a toilet. At any age, you can pick up a serious infection that can provoke the strongest digestive disorders.

To date, the most terrible toxic-infectious disease is botulism. The disease affects the nervous system at the organic level. Unfortunately, botulism often leads to death. The causative agent enters the body from stale meat and fish products, especially canned kits.

Children from an early age should be taught a sense of responsibility for their health. Unwashed hands are a source of microbes that can cause intestinal disorders( symptoms of which are vomiting, temperature and diarrhea), helminthic invasions, gastrointestinal diseases.