1 The emergence of the pathology

Paresis of the intestine is called specialists and paralytic intestinal obstruction. Such a disease is very often a violation after surgical interventions in the patient's body. As a rule, this diagnosis is typical for patients who, as a result of forced surgical manipulations in the intestine, are prone to water balance disorders. Often, such a diagnosis as paresis of the intestine, put the patient on the third day after the operation.

Very often paresis of the intestine is accompanied by a significant increase in the stomach. Of course, one can not justify one violation of the motor activity of the intestine. Among the factors contributing to the emergence and progression of the disease, it is necessary to name and many other diseases and pathologies that reduce the functionality of the digestive system. For example, among such diseases can be called peritonitis, inflammatory processes in the intestines, hematomas or tumors.

Paralytic obstruction of the intestine can contribute to urolithiasis or a previous trauma in the abdominal area. People exposed to pleuropneumonia, myocardial infarction are also at risk.

Less common causes of intestinal paresis include the following:

• impaired metabolism due to lack of magnesium and potassium in the body;
• poisoning by chemicals;
• thrombosis;
• diabetes;
• problems with kidney;
• lung disease;
• pneumonia.

Of course, all of the above reasons can not completely affect the functioning of the intestines. For example, after an operation, it takes about three days to restore the normal functions of this organ. In this case, extremely rare cases when the intestine completely stops working.

2 Postoperative paresis and its symptoms

Symptoms of intestinal paresis are very similar to common diseases and cases of poisoning when the whole system suffers gastricintestinal tract. Postoperative paresis of the intestine( PPC) is accompanied by a feeling of nausea, vomiting, bloating. The patient will experience painful symptoms in the abdominal region, which are of a coil type. Many people with such feelings do not pay much attention to the symptom and refer to a simple mechanical obstruction of the gases.

When paresis of the intestine, a characteristic symptom is the frequent departure of small masses of stool, which has a liquid consistency, with normal stools being delayed.

Excessive bloating causes the diaphragm to move. From this there are additional symptoms: heavy breathing, shortness of breath, increased blood pressure, tachycardia. Also, often patients come with symptoms of dehydration, because of frequent vomiting, drying of the skin begins and dryness of the mucous membranes is observed.

3 Diagnostic methods

It is quite logical for any violations of the digestive system to consult a gastroenterologist for advice. However, the surgeon can also conduct initial diagnostic methods and understand the reasons for the patient's complaint. An experienced specialist will be able to determine the intestinal obstruction, exclude any mechanical effects on the functioning of the intestine, establish the cause of the paresis of the intestine.

The most simple and easily tolerable method of paresis diagnosis is the radiography of the abdominal cavity of the patient. This procedure is carried out in three positions of the person: horizontally, vertically and in lateroposition. In this case, the doctor receives pictures that clearly show the loops of the small intestine, which are uniformly filled with gas, and the large intestine will most often be filled with liquid.

More sensitive and less commonly used methods of examination can be called ultrasound or MSCT.With the help of such procedures, it is possible to identify stretched bowel loops, the same horizontal level of fluid and increased gut pneumatization.

4 Therapeutic actions

Intestinal paresis is a disease that can occur in newborns, adolescents, and adults. Depending on this, the methods of treatment of this disease can also be divided into three main groups.

So, if we are talking about a newborn, then its peristalsis can be weakened as a result of a violation of the formation of the nervous system. Therefore, the treatment of such children will be aimed at restoring this reflex of the gastrointestinal tract. Also in this case, it is necessary to restore blood circulation in the walls of the intestine of the newborn, increase metabolism, normalize the tone of the muscles of the digestive system. For normalization of all listed functions it is customary to use an electrostimulator that eliminates all disorders associated with the inadequately developed nervous system of the baby. Thanks to such an apparatus, the problem can be solved within a few days.

For adolescents and adults, very often the cause of paresis is damage to the intestinal microflora due to surgical or traumatic actions. Virtually any intervention weakens the intestine or completely stops its motor reflexes. Many experts recommend that after the injury or any operations, go through procedures aimed at restoring the digestive system. To do this, doctors use special electronic units.

In adults, intestinal paresis can cause migraineal or chronic gastrointestinal diseases, excessive consumption of laxatives, inactivity, spinal trauma, which squeezes nerves responsible for regular intestinal contractions. In all such cases it is also advisable to use an electrostimulator that will help and relieve spasms in the muscles, and establish blood circulation in the intestine.

In addition to such procedures, the patient will be permanently sucked from the bowel of the secreted fluid. This method is called naso-gastric and is done with a special tube. For the patient during treatment and recovery, the usual intake of food and fluid through the mouth should be excluded. In addition, the doctor prescribes the administration of medicinal sedatives and psychotropic substances.

In cases where the bowel work after a week of treatment is still not settling, the patient is prescribed a laparotomy.

It is also possible to stimulate intestinal activity with a simple gas-evacuating tube, which is introduced into the rectum. To more loyal methods of treatment include abdominal massage, compresses that will irritate the intestines.

5 Preventive measures

If you have an operative intervention in the area of ​​the abdominal cavity, you can take care of yourself beforehand and prevent postoperative paresis of the intestine.

Try to choose more modern and less traumatic ways of operating when possible. For example, ask your doctor if it is possible to perform an appointed operation not with the help of cavity intervention, but prefer laparoscopy. And in cases of already existing serious diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, immediately after the operation it is necessary to perform intestinal stimulation and nasogastric aspiration, without waiting for the organ's complete failure.