Many people have heard of such a serious endocrine disease as diabetes mellitus( DM).In the course of the disease insulin hormone deficiency is observed, which affects the metabolism in tissues. In this connection there is a violation of carbohydrate metabolism, metabolism in general and an increase in blood glucose / urine levels. With this disease, there are men and women and children. But not everyone knows that there is gestational diabetes in pregnancy.
Gestational Diabetes
This is a disease that only women face during pregnancy. In the process of bearing the fetus, the future mother is also diagnosed with an increase in the sugar level. From the Latin language the word "gestatio" is translated as bearing, pregnancy - this indicates that before the conception of problems with violation of glucose level was not observed. Not all pregnant women are at risk, this condition is seen on average in 5-10% of women .It is also known that the level of glucose rises not from the first days of fertilization, but from about 18-22 weeks.
Reasons for
Unfortunately, the reasons are not fully revealed, therefore, women continue to face such problems.
- This is most often due to hormonal changes in the body of a woman. The fact is that the placenta begins to produce hormones that are vital for the proper development of the fetus. They block the mother's insulin, provoking the onset of diabetes. Insensitivity of cells to insulin is aggravated, the level of sugar in the blood rises.
- Genetic predisposition to diabetes leads to problems with the level of glucose during pregnancy.
- Physical data - age and weight category also influence the disturbances in the endocrine system of the pregnant woman.
- Development in the womb of previous children with anomalies.
- Death of an infant in the womb of the mother.
- Already of available gestational diabetes in the past pregnancy of .
- Polyhydramnios.
- Chronic obesity.
- A sharp increase in weight during pregnancy.
It should be noted that if a child is born after 40 years of age, the risk of metabolic disorders and increased blood sugar is doubled.
Pregnant women may have two types of diabetes: above described and pregested when she conceives a child already having a history of type 1 or type 2 diabetes. In this case, the observation of the doctor is strengthened, the approach to managing pregnancy is changing.
Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms of GDD will not keep you waiting, so undetected such a disease will not remain.
- a constant sense of thirst;
- active weight gain with reduced appetite;
- profuse urination;
- is a nervous condition;
- shortness of breath and tachycardia with a sudden awakening.
But nevertheless on the above described signs it is better not to hope, with pregnant women all can occur or happen everything. In order to confirm the symptoms of GDM, you should consult a doctor. The future mum will be assigned special laboratory tests, which are performed on an empty stomach in the presence of physical exertion. Also can recommend taking a test with glucose load , provided the sugar level is 4.9-6.1 mmole / l. The blood test is taken from the finger.
To determine the problem, a glucose tolerance test is also performed. The time of its implementation is attributed to the period between the sixth and seventh month of pregnancy.
The specialist has full grounds for diagnosing gestational diabetes if:
| Glucose index | ||
| Fasting | One hour after ingestion | Two hours after ingestion |
| Over 5.2 mmole / l. | Over 10.1 mmole / liter. | Over 8.6 mmole / liter. |
But do not forget that errors are allowed in the laboratories, therefore it is recommended to retest the tests.
GDD is very dangerous for both the mother and the baby. Observation should be timely and compulsory, it depends not only on the health of the mother, but also on the child. If the time does not begin the study, childbirth can pass with adverse consequences for all. With the timely diagnosis of the disease and subsequent observation and implementation of all the recommendations of the doctor, the risk of the birth of a sick child is reduced to 1-2%.
Consequences for the child
Hyperglycemia in pregnant women has properties that are transmitted to the developing fetus. The excess glucose reserve is transformed into fat cells, which leads to complications in childbirth.
When born, the pancreas of a small person is intensively producing insulin in order to evacuate the glucose that came from mother to the child during pregnancy. At the analysis of a blood at such child low level of sugar in blood will be seen.
At first, babies may have problems with the respiratory tract, in the future they often expect obesity or type 2 diabetes. Assess the state of the child using a biophysical profile, which is conducted at least once a week. It includes:
- non-stress test( the reaction of the heart to movement);
- volume of amniotic fluid;
- fetal tonus;
- motor activity;
- the maturity of the placenta;
- respiratory movement;
If the GDD of pregnant women has been confirmed, doctors begin to closely monitor the condition and development of the fetus, assess the situation in points, draw conclusions and prescribe the appropriate regimen or treatment.
Newborn children are susceptible to this most often in those mothers who are diagnosed with pregas( previous form, identified).In cases when they are given gestational diabetes - it happens less often, but to protect themselves, the patient should follow all the doctor's instructions.
Treatment of
The main thing in the treatment of pregnant women is a careful control, which will reveal any pathology at an early stage. Therefore, it is best to register beforehand, otherwise the birth can go not according to the planned scenario. The delivery of a blood test must be done at least once a month.
After identifying the problem, when the indicators are already known, the woman should thoroughly, at least 4-5 times a day, monitor the .Also, the doctor will recommend a mandatory diet for a pregnant woman. The food will be fractional and low-calorie, about 25-35 calories per kilogram of the woman's weight. The table should be balanced, contain a large number of proteins, carbohydrates and even fats, as well as vitamins and trace elements, otherwise the fruit will not be able to develop in time and well.
The intake of drugs that reduce blood glucose levels during pregnancy is contraindicated. If a diet prescribed by a doctor, along with moderate physical exertion will not give the expected results, you will have to resort to insulin injections.
Special instructions
Women should be aware that gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy can be an indication that her body is in principle located in such a serious disease as type 2 diabetes. Even if the birth has already passed and the sugar level in the body has returned to normal, the risk remains. Such people are recommended to see a doctor and take tests at least once a year, and more often, as the risk of developing endocrine disease is very large .
Compliance with prophylactic norms during gestation is problematic, because it is not about the very standard state of the body. But still the correctly organized regime and nutrition of the future mother will help her and the baby to stay healthy.
