A clever organism gives time before switching on the condition of the disease - type 2 diabetes. This gap is called a pre-diabetes or a violation of glucose tolerance, when the body can still be returned to normal functioning. However, without effort on the part of the patient and the help of specialists is clearly indispensable.
What is prediabetes
The condition when the pancreas still produces insulin, but already in quantities less than necessary, doctors call prediabetes. In addition, the body itself reacts to the insulin produced insufficiently, the amount of glucose begins to rise. This is what people call "increased sugar" in the blood. While the condition is not so critical to make a diagnosis of "diabetes", but the permissible norms are regularly exceeded. Unfortunately, such patients are considered to be an increased risk group for type 2 diabetes.
Symptoms of
Many people with diabetes could avoid their fate if they turned to doctors in time, but the pre-diabetic condition is insidious because it is not actually a disease and most of the symptoms are secretive or to such an extent that they are not critical for the generalstates and people do not seek help. If the symptoms become more severe, the person is on the verge of diabetes,
Pre-diabetes symptoms that are an indication for getting medical attention:
- Dry mouth, increased fluid intake. The increased presence of glucose thickens the blood, and the body thus tries to dilute it. At overloads( it is not important, mental or psychological) and stresses the symptom intensifies.
- Frequent urination. Well, it's understandable: drink more - take more fluids.
- Strong hunger, often occurring at night. This increases the weight.
- Decreased performance, general weakness.
- After consumption of food can throw heat, there are dizziness. This is the result of a sharp jump in blood glucose.
- Constant headaches. They are the result of thickening of the blood and the appearance of plaques. Even small size, they narrow the vessels and there are unpleasant sensations.
- Itching and vision problems. The reason - all the same vessels, more precisely capillaries, which are the first to feel the consequences of constriction.
- Insomnia. Disorders of metabolic processes of glucose cause hormonal failures.
But for people with high employment, overweight, a problem with pressure or at an age after 40, such symptoms are not always specific, except perhaps thirst. Therefore, periodically it is necessary to undergo a medical examination of risk groups.
To whom to be surveyed
In order to be confident in your health and in time to fix a pre-diabetic condition, a regular examination is necessary for the following population groups:
- Overweight;
- At a normal weight after 45 years, if a sedentary lifestyle is inherent;
- In the presence of relatives with diabetes of grade 2;
- With high blood pressure;
- Those who suffered from gestational diabetes during pregnancy or a child weighing more than 4 kg were born, violations in adulthood are possible;
- People with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, in the context of which glucose uptake is impaired;
- With endocrine system diseases;
- Women with polycystic ovaries;
- Children who have had a serious infectious disease or surgical intervention.
Of course, the presence of pre-diabetes is not necessarily established, but it's better to spend a few hours on the examination, the later you try to control diabetes.
Diagnosis
In the presence of symptoms or treatment of a risk group, it is necessary to take a blood test for sugar twice a year. If his level goes beyond the limits of the norm, you should consult an endocrinologist.
During the examination, an anamnesis is collected and sent to a laboratory study. In this regard, it is better to be ready for it immediately and come on an empty stomach on an empty stomach. The main study is a glucose tolerance test conducted in several stages:
- Blood sampling at least 10 hours after ingestion.
- After taking a special preparation of glucose 2 more fences, after 1 hour and after 2.
To obtain objective data, you need:
- Before passing the test and during it, avoid all kinds of loads, from physical to mental.
- Do not have infectious diseases, surgical interventions during and at least a week before the test.
- Do not smoke on the day of the test.
- In addition to this study, urine should be passed to the level of uric acid and cholesterol.
It is noteworthy that when prescription is rarely prescribed drugs, only if the body is already on the verge. Much more often, all problems are solved by changing the way of life - diets, reasonable physical loads, it is desirable to completely stop smoking and alcohol.
Principles of nutrition
In order to overcome the disruption of the body, it is necessary, first of all, the desire and desire of the person himself. Unfortunately, many habits must be changed, which is difficult, but extremely necessary:
- Easily-digested carbohydrates should be completely excluded from nutrition. These include flour products, various sweets, desserts, sweets.
- Reduce the amount of complex carbohydrates, which include all cereals and, bread with bran and rye, and consumption itself must be carefully distributed throughout the day. The consumption of potatoes, carrots, beets decreases.
- Animal fats need to be consumed minimally, especially in the form of fat, fatty meat and broths, all kinds of sausages, butter, mayonnaise.
- For the period of rehabilitation of the body, complete refusal of alcohol, in the future, its limitation.
- Replacement of all these products with fruits and vegetables. Preference should be given to sour and sweet-sour fruit. Quickly saturate the body of legumes and beans.
- Take food 5-6 times a day, which will reduce the burden on the pancreas, not overeat and lose weight.
- For calories, food should not contain 1500 kcal per day.
About half of the food should be a part of fresh vegetables, a quarter will be for garnish and the same for protein foods. Doctors recommend a number of products that will reduce excess weight and return the body to normal performance. These include:
- Fresh vegetables - cucumbers, cabbage( not pickled and not sour), Jerusalem artichokes, zucchini and the like;
- Unsweetened fruit;
- Seafood, fish of low-fat varieties;
- High fiber foods - bran, non-processed cereals;
- Part of the seasonings - garlic, onion, cinnamon or nutmeg;
- Low-fat meat - beef, poultry;
- Low-fat dairy products;
- Egg whites;
- Homemade pastries using acceptable products. Sugar is replaced by the corresponding piece products.
Such a diet will not only help reduce blood sugar, but also cholesterol with triglycerides. Excess weight will always go away, returning to normal. It will be possible to forget about dyspnea during movement, the heart muscle can not be overloaded, and the legs will cease to be tired.
Physical exercises
Regular exercise can help reduce weight and help coordinate the body. With loads, more glucose is consumed as an energy source, and blood sugar levels decrease. Excellent showed themselves jogging in the morning. If jogging becomes a heavy load, you can replace it with walking walks, but taking longer. About an hour of walking is equivalent to 30 minutes of jogging and 20 minutes of intense running.
A good alternative is skiing, cycling, swimming and even dancing. Tennis, volleyball and basketball are welcome. But physical work - gardening, gardening, clearing of snow - can all do a good job - all this acts as a good energy consumer for the body.
Individual approach
You can not choose a diet on your own. It should take into account not only the pre-diabetic state, but also other diseases that are often present in people suffering from obesity and endocrine diseases.
For example, hypertensive patients should better limit salt intake. If the kidneys are not working properly, you can not consume animal fats, limiting themselves solely to plant fats. In the presence of erosive gastritis, ulcers are forbidden garlic, onions, many condiments and legumes. More accurately, the diet can only be developed by a professional dietitian, independent attempts can lead to complication of one of the diseases.
The same goes for exercise. Hypertension is contraindicated in heavy loads, they must be accurately dosed and grow gradually. The same applies to any cardiovascular disease, postoperative conditions. Special exercises are necessary for patients with gastrointestinal diseases and with problems with the kidneys.
The main thing for a person who discovered a pre-diabetic state, to understand that you can change your life for the better only by personal efforts on yourself. Otherwise, the changes will come, but only hard and inevitable.
