Pancreatitis

Inflammation of the pancreas: symptoms, treatment, drugs

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1 Symptoms of acute pancreatitis

Because the pancreatic enzymes remain in it and corrode it, and, getting into the bloodstream, cause poisoning, then a person who has pancreatic inflammation can detect the following symptoms:

  1. Pain. This is one of the firstsigns. When pancreatitis patients feel very strong pain, it is constant and can be both acute and dull. If the pain can not be removed in time, the patient may get a pain shock. Painful sensations, as a rule, are localized in the solar plexus area, under the right or left rib, this depends on the area in which the pancreas is affected. If the entire gland is inflamed, the pain may not have a clear localization.
  2. Increased body temperature at low or high blood pressure. If the process develops very quickly, the patient's state of health can be further aggravated by the fact that he may have various vegetative disorders.
  3. The complexion. In many patients with pancreatitis, facial features become sharper, the skin turns pale and eventually becomes gray-earthy in color.
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  5. Nausea and hiccough. At a pancreatitis at the patient the mouth, hiccups, a nausea and an eructation can arise.
  6. Vomiting. With pancreatitis, the patient tears the bile, but it does not become easier for him. Therefore, with acute pancreatitis is not recommended to eat food. Correct fasting is the most important condition for effective treatment of the disease.
  7. Stool disorder. In the acute form of the disease, the stool is foamy, has a sharp unpleasant odor, it can contain particles of undigested food. Although it happens the other way around, when the patient has constipation and swelling, and the muscles of his stomach harden.
  8. Shortness of breath. The reasons for its development consist in the fact that during vomiting the body loses electrolytes. It can be combined with a sticky sweat and a thick layer of yellow coating on the tongue.
  9. Flatulence. Since with this disease the organs of the digestive tract do not contract, the physician at palpation can feel a large accumulation of gases in the abdominal cavity, in which the muscles of the abdominal cavity are not strained.
  10. Blue skin. The patient near the navel and in the lower back can form blue spots, while near the groin the skin can acquire a blue-green color. This is due to the fact that under the skin the pancreas can bleed.
  11. Yellowing of the sclera and skin. If the patient suffers sclerosing form of pancreatitis, then he may develop mechanical jaundice. This phenomenon is caused by the constriction of the bile ducts with a hardened pancreatic tissue.
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All the symptoms of pancreatic inflammation indicate that one can not hope for an independent recoverypatient. In this case, the most correct solution will be to call an ambulance home.

2 Methods of treatment

Acute pancreatitis is a serious disease, therefore only a qualified specialist in hospital conditions is entitled to treat inflammation of the pancreas. Untimely treatment and self-treatment can lead to death.

In order to help the patient before the arrival of doctors, you can put something cold to your stomach. The patient can take an antispasmodic. Prior to the arrival of an ambulance, he must comply with the pastel regime and give up food.

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Usually, upon arrival, an ambulance doctor enters a vein of a patient with saline, gives antiemetic and anesthetic drugs, antisecretory medications.

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Treatment of inflammation of the pancreas can take a long time. It is important to follow all the doctor's instructions throughout the period.

In a hospital environment, the following treatment is usually performed:

  1. The patient's vein is injected with saline, reopolyglucin, and counter-cocaine.
  2. The doctor may prescribe diuretics. With their help, you can prevent swelling of the gland, remove digestive enzymes from the bloodstream, get rid of toxins.
  3. Omeprazole or Kwamatel.
  4. Drugs that relieve spasm.
  5. If vomiting does not stop, it is possible to inject antiemetic drugs intramuscularly.
  6. For severe pain - pain medications.
  7. In case the patient develops acute purulent pancreatitis, the doctor can prescribe antibacterial drugs.
  8. During an exacerbation, drugs depressing enzymes are prescribed.
  9. To strengthen and restore strength, the doctor prescribes vitamin therapy. Especially useful during this period is ascorbic acid and vitamins of group B.

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The opinion of doctors. .. "

For 4-5 days the patient should starve and drink only warm still water. With severe pancreatitis, fasting can last for several weeks. At this time there should be parenteral nutrition( nutrients are administered intravenously).

Only after the patient has disappeared all the symptoms, he is allowed to eat. In the beginning he should drink yogurt and gradually add to the ration cottage cheese. After 3-4 days the patient is allowed to take food, but they must adhere to a special diet 5P.

The operation is performed only in those cases when the doctor suspected destructive pancreatitis in the patient or if the treatment was ineffective.

Laparoscopy is also indicated if a patient has a fluid in his stomach or if he develops peritonitis. In some cases, a laparotomy may be indicated.

It is very important to consult a specialist with the first symptoms, since timely treatment with inflammation of the pancreas can save you from many consequences.

3 Symptoms of chronic inflammation of the pancreas

Chronic pancreatitis is an inflammation of the pancreas, which is characterized by a change in the structure of the organ tissues. Doctors say that if the patient excludes all factors that provoked the disease, it will not only disappear, but will continue to progress. This disease is dangerous because the pancreas with it is not able to allocate a normal amount of enzymes and hormones.

Chronic pancreatitis has two periods. Initial - in which the patient can periodically feel unpleasant symptoms. And also the period when serious changes in the gland have already occurred. In this case, the patient can always accompany uncomfortable symptoms.

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At the initial stage of the disease, which can last for more than a dozen years, a person can only feel periodic abdominal pain 10-15 minutes after eating. These pain can last as several hours, and several days. Pain mainly occurs in the upper part of the abdominal cavity, less often near the heart. Pain can decrease at the time when a person sits or leans forward.

Very often, pain can occur if a person consumes fatty, fried foods, chocolate or cocoa.

Symptoms of inflammation of the pancreas become more pronounced if all these products are used by the patient at the same time. This is due to the fact that the pancreas can not cope with so many nutrients.

In addition to pain throughout this time, a person can be accompanied by periodic vomiting, flatulence, frequent nausea, diarrhea. However, this does not happen often and with timely treatment the symptoms quickly disappear before another failure.

Because chronic pancreatitis is characterized by a decreased production of digestive enzymes, the patient may feel discomfort during the digestion of food.

For pancreatitis with a chronic character of the course, the yellowing of the eye protein is characteristic. This symptom may appear temporarily, and then disappear again.

At the last stages of the disease, atrophy of the pancreas can occur, which in turn can lead to endocrine disorders.

4 Forms of the disease

Based on various symptoms experienced by patients with chronic pancreatitis, 4 forms of the disease are distinguished:

  1. Dyspeptic. With this form of the patient suffer frequent diarrhea, flatulence, he decreases the percentage of fat.
  2. Asymptomatic. With this type of pancreatitis, a person does not feel any discomfort and can not guess for years about the existence of the disease.
  3. Pseudotumoral. Pancreatitis of this form is inherent in all signs of neoplasm of the pancreas. The main sign of this form of the disease is yellowing of the skin and eye proteins.
  4. Painful. With pancreatitis of this form, a person often feels pain after eating or drinking alcohol.

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5 Treatment of chronic pancreatitis

When pancreatitis is chronic, the patient should adhere to a therapeutic diet and take medications that are prescribed by the doctor. Sometimes an operation is necessary to treat pancreatitis. If the patient has an exacerbation, then for the next 2-4 days it is recommended to refuse to eat. After that, he must adhere to the diet number 5 for Pevzner. Breaks between meals should not last more than 4 hours.

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The doctor may prescribe pain medications and antibacterial medications. With a deficiency of digestive enzymes, substitution therapy is prescribed.

If the patient has an obstruction of the pancreatic duct, then he undergoes surgical treatment.

If a patient has found a pancreatic fistula, then he is given either a surgical or a puncture treatment.

Pseudotumorous chronic pancreatitis can in some cases not be distinguished from a pancreatic head tumor, so the symptoms and treatment may differ significantly depending on the clinical picture of the disease.

Contents
  • 1 Symptoms of acute pancreatitis
  • 2 Treatment methods
  • 3 Symptoms of chronic inflammation of the pancreas
  • 4 Forms of the disease
  • 5 Treatment of chronic pancreatitis

Pancreatic inflammation symptoms and treatment should be known to everyone, since this is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases. The question, what to treat inflammation of the pancreas, is by no means idle.

This disease can occur in acute or chronic form with periodic exacerbations. It can develop in both adults and children. According to statistics, in 95-98% of cases, the development of pancreatitis is caused by the use of alcohol over a long time in large quantities, as well as by certain pathologies of the gallbladder, including the presence of stones in it. Other factors that cause the disease include:

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  • pathology of the duodenum;
  • operation on the stomach or gallbladder;
  • injury or injury in the abdominal cavity;
  • ERCP;
  • drug abuse;
  • infectious diseases;
  • pathology of the structure of the pancreatic ducts;
  • metabolic disorders;
  • parasitic infestations;
  • hormonal imbalance;
  • heart disease and blood vessels;
  • genetic predisposition.

In a healthy person, the pancreas produces inactive precursors of enzymes. They become active only the field of how they enter the duodenum, where they enter through the duct of the pancreas, through the bile ducts.

If there are some factors( for example, when the bile duct is clogged with a stone) the pressure in the pancreatic duct increases, as a result of which the secret secreted by it does not depart and the enzymes are activated ahead of time. Because of this, enzymes digest not food, but the pancreas itself. At this time, there is an acute inflammatory process.

If a person suffers from chronic pancreatitis, then over time his healthy pancreatic mucosa is replaced by cicatricial, because of which the pancreas can not secrete enzymes and hormones.

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