Miases are parasitic diseases caused by dipterous insects, and there are several species. Distributed in tropical countries, they are also found in southern Russia, the Caucasus and Kazakhstan. About what are the miases that affect a person, and what methods are used to treat them, described further.
Contents of
- 1 Miase - what is it?
- 2 Types of human miases
- 3 Miazes in the mouth
- 4 Treatment of miases
Miases - what is it?
Miases are diseases caused by the ingress of larvae of certain species of flies into the body of animals and humans. Adult insects lay eggs under the skin, in the eyes, ears, nose, open wounds, or infection occurs by swallowing eggs or already hatched in the external environment of the larvae.
Miases develop as benign or malignant pathologies and often cause disability or death. Occur mainly in places with unhygienic sanitary and hygienic conditions.
The causative agent of the human miase
The most common pathogens of the human miase are several kinds of insects:
- a fly-box fly - affects the skin;
- sand flea - makes moves and lays eggs under the skin, where larvae develop and increase in size, lead to the appearance of painful ulcers;
- tungsten fly - infects open skin lesions( wounds, ulcers);
- gadgets, more often Russian and sheep;
- gray meat flies;
- calliphores;
- cheese flies;
- purlins;
- centipedes.
The larvae of the flies parasitize the intestines( room, blue meat, green flies, fruit flies, Gadrophilus equi plant), eyes( the penis gadfly), urogenital system( flies of the genus Fannia), nasal passages( genus Cochliomyia), skin( Hypoderma, Dermatobia), in the mouth( fly larvae Calliphoridae and Sarcophagedae).The body can get eggs with dirty food or water.
The larvae of flies have a high survival rate, as they are resistant to many chemicals - weak acids and alkalis, alcohol, formalin and others. This explains their ability to live for a long time in the intestines and other places unusual for adults.
Types of human miases
There are types of flies and properties of their miase larvae:
- Facultative - develops by accidentally infecting eggs with insects that are not parasitic in the human body. Example - hit the body of larvae of meat or house fly.
- Obligatory - caused solely by parasitic insects.
- Random - infection occurs from flies, the larvae of which usually live in decaying remains, and enter the human body accidentally, for example, by ingesting contaminated food or getting larvae into the urethra from the surface of dirty laundry.
Types of myosis by localization:
- tissue;
- cavitary;
- intestinal;
- ophthalmic.
Tissue miase is also called cutaneous and it happens:
- epidermal - the larvae develop and live in the epidermal layer and do not penetrate deeper;
- subcutaneous - the connective tissue is affected, often along with the epidermal;
- itself tissue - accompanied by the destruction of even deeper soft tissues down to the muscles and tendons.
The cavity miase can be localized in the genitals, urinary tract, mouth, in the hearing aid( affecting the eardrum, middle ear, sometimes reaching the brain membranes).The urinary system is often affected by tungsten fly larvae, as well as flies of the genus Fannia.
The eye miase , or ophthalmomiasis, affects the conjunctival sac of the eye, and its pathogens in humans are the sheep's gill( Oestrus ovis), the white-headed gadfly( Rhinoestrus purpureus) and the tungsten fly. The latter carries the greatest danger, since its larvae are capable of completely destroying the tissues of the eye, perforating its wall.
The intestinal miase is located in the intestine or stomach of a person, the penetration of eggs or larvae occurs with contaminated food or other substances, for example, when the child licks contaminated objects( toys in a sandbox, etc.).The most common pathogen with this
is the cheese fly, living in cheese, salted fish, except for it - different kinds of meat, house flies, fruit flies.
Symptoms of the intestinal miase include:
- nausea;
- vomiting;
- severe abdominal pain;
- hemorrhages - internal hemorrhages, while the blood is excreted with feces;
- colitis;
- signs resembling typhoid fever, weakness, pale skin, diarrhea, slow heartbeat, white coating on the tongue, confusion.
Miases in the mouth
Oral miasses are diagnosed less often than others, they are characterized by parasitization of larvae of Diptera insects in the oral cavity. More often found in the tropical belt and third world countries, in the countryside.
In children, the disease is particularly difficult, often resulting in death due to the fact that the larvae, eating tissues, provoke the attachment of a secondary infection against the background of ulcers and inflammation, severe bleeding.
Risk factors - poor oral hygiene, purulent formations and open wounds in the oral mucosa, alcoholism, thumb sucking, severe pathologies, senile age.
Mice in the mouth can be caused by larvae of sheep and bovine gadfly, meat, tungsten fly. Larvae affect not only the oral cavity, but also the lips, forming painful ulcers, fistulas, inflammation, swelling of tissues and fever.
Treatment of miases
Miaz is diagnosed by a detailed examination of the affected area with the help of lighting and magnifying glass. The larvae are mobile and located in the wound by entire colonies. To exclude the presence of an ocular miase, undergo an examination with an ophthalmologist.
Cavity forms of the disease( intestine, urogenital system) are detected by studying the secretion and smears - feces, urine, vomit, vaginal smear.
Treatment of miase is carried out by removing the larvae from the affected area, for this use different methods:
- Wash the infected focus with a solution of antiseptic - furacilin, manganese;
- A small amount of sterile oil is poured into the wound;
- Cover the pathogen with air, so that the larvae come to the surface, and they can be grasped with tweezers.
The cleaned cavity is then disinfected and an aseptic dressing applied. If there is a festering or inflammatory process, apply local antimicrobial agents and antibiotics for oral administration.
Oral miases are also treated by mechanical removal of larvae, aseptic treatment of affected tissues, the use of antibiotics and the antiparasitic drug Ivermectin.
In the treatment of the intestinal miase, gastric lavage, intestinal cleansing with laxatives and antiparasitic drugs are shown.
With the urogenital miase, the urethra is washed, and in the case of the ocular larvae, they are removed with special needles using an anesthetic and antiseptic drops. Severe miasses of the internal organs require surgical intervention.