The first place is surely occupied by cardiovascular diseases. However, recently one can observe a tendency towards an increase in the number of oncological diseases.
Especially important in the treatment of these diseases is early diagnosis.
To our great regret, the overwhelming majority of patients turn to for help too late, when the cancer tumor has reached the last stages of development, and the prognosis for recovery does not inspire much optimism. While, with early detection of oncology, the chances of a successful outcome are large enough, and timely treatment often leads to a complete recovery of the patient.
The clinical picture in most tumors is quite similar. The main importance is given to the type of tumor growth and its localization in the body, and not at all histological affiliation.
Let's look at the most well-known types of tumors and consider the principles of their diagnosis.
Diagnosis of tumors
As with any other disease, the diagnosis of tumors begins with a survey and examination of the patient.
In the interview the patient( anamnesis collection) includes:
- finding out the reasons that forced the patient to see a doctor;
- analysis of patient complaints;
- finding out the main symptoms of the disease and so on.
The most simple way to recognize skin tumors. Typically, the first symptoms of cancer damage are changes in the structure and color of the old pigmentation spot or mole, the appearance of non-healing, open ulcers. If such symptoms occur, you need immediate medical attention and a complete ban on any attempt at self-treatment.
Often the diagnosis of malignant tumors is performed by the method of palpation( enlarged lymph nodes with lymphoma, compaction of breast tissue).
Diagnosis of brain tumor
The main diagnostic method of brain tumor is magnetic resonance imaging, often supplemented by computed tomography. When diagnosing a brain tumor, they are invasive and non-invasive.
Non-invasive methods:
- electroencephalography;
- echoencephalography( ultrasound);
- computed tomography;
- otoneurological examination;
- neuro-ophthalmologic examination;
- neurological examination.
Invasive methods:
- puncture biopsy( for final confirmation of diagnosis);
- immunohistochemical diagnosis;
- endoscopic examination( ventriculoscopy and surgery);
- scintigraphy;
- angiography( radiopaque methods);
- investigation of cerebrospinal fluid.
Diagnosis of the ovarian tumor
Many patients with ovarian cancer go to the hospital at an advanced stage of the disease, although it is known that with an early referral to the doctor, the healing rate reaches 100%.
Early symptoms of malignant and benign ovarian tumors:
- abdominal enlargement;
- appearance of cramps in the abdomen;
- disorder of urination or bowel function;
- acute, sudden pain in the abdomen;
- feeling of heaviness in the abdomen.
Oncomarkers in laboratory diagnostics of tumors
Oncomarkers( tumor markers) are one of the main diagnostic methods used today in oncology.
Measurement of marker values is widely used in patient monitoring, treatment and diagnosis.
Markers of tumor growth are divided into the following classes:
- proteins of tumor disintegration products;
- plasma proteins( ceruloplasmin, ferritin and others);
- exchange products( free DNA, polyamines, hydroxyproline, creatine);
- enzymes( lactate dehydrogenase, phosphatases and others);
- hormones( adrenocorticotropic hormone, hCG).
Video: Diagnosis and treatment of tumors
Tumors( oncological diseases) rank second in terms of mortality.
