The ability to write and the process of writing text is a complex, in its essence, psychological process that psychologists put on a par with the ability of a person, such as speech and perception of information, in spontaneous and systemic form, as well as to the motor abilities of a person.
Under the medical term - physicians' acrylics mean a disorder in the very process of writing, caused by abnormalities in the patient's speech, but all movements of the hand and the hand are preserved at the same time. Intellect, mental abilities are also preserved to the full, as well as the already acquired writing skills.
The disease itself arises and develops due to a lesion in the patient left side of the cerebral cortex in right-handed or right hemisphere - in left-handed people.
Contents
- Types of disorders - their features
- What parts of the brain suffer from
- Disgraphy - a particular case of agression
- Where to look for the cause?
- Complement the clinical picture
- Diagnosis
- Treatment and correction
Types of disorders - their features
The following types of agrarians are distinguished:
- The pure or amnestic - in this case the patient has a failure in the letter when the text is written under dictation or it is written withsound original, and when writing off the ability to write more or less. Often in its current is combined with Gerstman's syndrome, acting as its bright symptom, and in the severe form of its current manifests itself in the mirror writing of words. In the latter case, a mirror subspecies of pure agraphia develops.
- Apraxic form of pathology - manifests itself as an independent disease or it can be a manifestation of ideator apraxia. The child is simply unable to understand how to hold the pen, and subsequent movements do not contribute to the correct writing of letters and words, their sequence. This form of the disorder is diagnosed in any kind of letter, either under the dictation dictated to it or by self-deletion of the text.
- The aphasic form of is formed when aphasia occurs, in which the left temporal cortex is damaged in the brain structure, which causes problems with auditory and speech memory, as well as a phonemic type of hearing.
- Constructive form of disorder - develops with a constructive variety of pathological changes in the brain.
Which parts of the brain suffer from
When the left temporal cortex is damaged in the brain, an aphthous form of pathology develops, which provokes a disorder in the auditory memory type and a lesion of the phonemic type of hearing.
If the disturbances are diagnosed in the work of the posterior parts of the 2nd frontal gyrus located in the hemisphere dominant in the patient, then the doctors diagnose a pure form of agrarian disease, not associated with other pathologies and diseases.
If the patient writes in mirror order, a mirror subspecies of the disorder develops and this form of pathology is most often diagnosed in left-handed people, in intellectually retarded patients, in case of failure in the process of interaction between the hemispheres of the brain.
Dysgraphy is a special case of the
. Dysgraphy is a specific disorder of the written form of speech that manifests itself in persistent mistakes and arises in the event of a violation in the field of higher CNS departments. The causes of pathology can be heredity and illness, trauma and infection of the central nervous system, transferred in infancy, uneven development of both hemispheres of the brain.
The list of causes includes other neurological problems, excessive obsession with TV or computer.
Often the emergence of dysgraphia contributes to the development of dyslexia.
Symptomatic pathology can vary - it depends on the underlying cause of the disease. Children diagnosed with dysgraphy - smart, with a high level of intelligence, can keep up with other school subjects, but in their notebooks they make a lot of mistakes, mistaking the writing of such letters as P and Z, E and b.
Where to find the cause?
The main reason that provokes the development of agrarians, doctors call the defeat of the cerebral cortex of organic nature.
The following factors may also provoke this disorder:
- benign or malignant neoplasm of the brain;
- head injury or the development of an ischemic or hemorrhagic form of stroke;
- has a negative effect on the body and brain toxins;
- inflammation caused by infection.
Often the cause of this pathology is birth trauma - at a younger age a child does not know how to speak, does not learn to write, at a later age, a failure in written speech in its flow is combined with the inability to express one's thoughts with oral speech.
Also a failure in the ability to write can be a sign of the development of a different pathology, the course of the underlying disease, for example, with the development of Gerstmann's syndrome - this violation indicates the development of the lesion on the border of the temporal and parietal lobes of the brain. Children or adults are disrupted by the phonemic perception of information and its interpretation into graphic symbols.
As medical statistics show, children who suffer from underdevelopment of oral speech suffer more often with agrarians, the development of the language, vocabulary has not reached their age level of development.
We supplement the clinical picture of
The most vivid manifestation of the disease is a complete and irreversible loss to the ability to write. There is a strong violation in the structure of the word itself, the letters are omitted, the patient is not able to connect syllables, but the intellect remains unaffected, and previously developed writing skills are not violated.
A child or an adult can not write a text under the dictation or simply rewrite it from the original, the mirror arrangement of letters, words and whole sentences manifests itself.
Statement of diagnosis
The process of diagnosing a violation is not difficult. At the very beginning the doctor conducts a detailed examination of the patient, conducts a neurological examination, examines an example of the patient's text. In practice, it is more difficult to diagnose the underlying cause, which leads to the development of this disease.
In the beginning, the brain is examined and the lesion is identified and, as a consequence, the cause of the disorder. To do this, the doctor conducts a questioning of the patient and parents, if this is a child, then further methods of neurological research - MRI or CT, X-ray study of the skull - are used.
Also, doctors use electroencephalography, ECHO-encephalography, in the course of diagnosis.
Treatment and correction of
First of all, the patient is registered with a neurologist, prescribes a drug treatment course, and re-learns writing skills according to a specially developed program.
It primarily aims at overcoming inertia in the links responsible for the structure of the syllable, the choice of words and the restoration of all language functions, speech - both in written form and verbal. With an adult and a child, specialists conduct both individual and collective activities, only in this way a positive effect is achieved.
The patient is under the control of a psychiatrist and speech therapist, where he undergoes a course of psychiatry and speech therapy lessons. As an example - rhythmic exercises that will help restore the work of the cerebral cortex.
LFK also positively affects the level of mental development of the patient, as the relationship between movement, physical and motor activity and mental training of one or another affected part of the brain has been scientifically proven.
Music and singing help to develop the motor skills of the vocal cords, muscles and laryngeal ligaments. Playing musical instruments helps to develop the motor skills of the fingers, which also has a beneficial effect on the hemispheres of the brain.
Treatment practices a course of treatment with a speech therapist - logo-rhythmics and musical exercises have the most positive result in the treatment of agraphia.
The main thing when manifesting the first problems with a letter is not to launch a disease, but you need to contact a specialist. Among them are a speech therapist or a neurologist, a psychotherapist. You should never take risks and you need to turn to doctors in time. This is the only way to eliminate pathology in a timely manner.