Treatment of osteomyelitis. Prophylaxis and possible complications

Osteomyelitis is a rather dangerous pathology that is associated with the ingress of bacteria into bone tissue.

As a result, there is an inflammatory process that requires urgent medical attention.

If you do not contact a specialist in time, serious consequences will develop, which will negatively affect the quality of life of a person.

General information

The term "osteomyelitis" means inflammationLeniye bone marrow, which is usually captures cortex and periosteum. If the process begins with the tissues adjacent to the bone, then to the true osteomyelitis it can not go - in this case the inflammation will affect only the periosteum and the superficial layers of the bone. In this case, the deeper layers will remain untouched.

Preventive measures to prevent the development of the disease

Prevention of osteomyelitis is to observe the following rules:

1. Treat wounds and cuts with alcohol, do not touch them with dirty hands.
2. After fractures or serious damage, seek medical advice immediately.
3. Be attentive to your health.

Treatment methods of the disease

Treatment of osteomyelitis with folk remedies

Traditional and folk methods can be used to treat osteomyelitis. In order to treat osteomyelitis at home, is effective to strictly follow the folk medicine prescriptions:

1. Take the arnica mountain flowers and add a glass of alcohol or vodka to them. Infuse the mixture for 10 days, then strain it and consume 30 drops for half an hour before meals.
2. Grind the onion and laundry soap. Make a compress out of this composition and apply to the affected area for half an hour several times a day.
3. Every morning you should drink fresh juice from beets and carrots. Juices from these vegetables should be mixed in a proportion of 2: 5.
4. If a person is diagnosed with osteomyelitis of the hip or lower leg, the affected areas can be wiped with freshly squeezed aloe juice.
5. To get rid of pus, you can use a decoction of chamomile. To do this, take 100 g of chamomile, add 2 cups of boiling water and cook for 15 minutes. The mixture should be cooled and soaked with a clean cloth. With the help of this product, wipe the surface of the affected areas.

Antibiotic therapy

Treatment of osteomyelitis is based on the complex implementation of conservative and radical procedures. Conservative therapy is based on the use of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. Often appoint a combination of 2-3 funds. The course of treatment of this disease is usually 4-6 weeks.

Antimicrobials may be given only after the materials for seeding have been taken. Typically, high doses of drugs are used that are active against Staphylococcus aureus :

• oxacillin;
• vancomycin;
• cephalosporins;
• nafcillin.

If there is a suspicion of the presence of a gram-negative microflora, third-generation cephalosporins may be prescribed. Patients with non-severe forms of the disease, who clearly follow all medical recommendations, can be treated on an outpatient basis. In this case, it is advisable to treat osteomyelitis with antibiotics that are less often administered, for example, ceftriaxone or vancomycin.

On how the modern diagnosis of osteomyelitis under the suspicion of a disease is read on our website.

How to treat sciatica inflammation and why not self-medicate read here.

Detoxification therapy

During the introduction of antibacterial drugs, the patient is prescribed detoxification therapy. It involves intravenous injection of salt solutions into the blood. Laser cleansing from toxins can also be used. In some cases, drugs can be prescribed to strengthen immunity and probiotics, which help restore the intestinal microflora.

Surgery

Surgical treatment for osteomyelitis is required to purge a purulent focus and remove sequestrants, which are areas of non-viable bone tissue. Also, in order to treat osteomyelitis, recovery operations may be required.

As a rule, they are carried out because of the formation of defects in the skin or bone tissue. Restorative procedures include filling of bones with special preparations, closure of defects with the help of local tissues, carrying out osteosynthesis. In some cases, excision of the affected or dead bone is required.

Video: How is surgery for chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis

Complications of osteomyelitis

All the complications are divided into two groups - local and general.

In , the first group of includes the following:

1. Abscess is an accumulation of pus in soft tissues.
2. Phlegmon - purulent impregnation of soft tissues surrounding the bone.
3. Purulent arthritis is an inflammation of the joint that is located next to the area affected by osteomyelitis.
4. Spontaneous fractures - usually occur with small loads and are associated with a loss of bone strength.
5. Contractures - loss of mobility due to the formation of scars in the muscles that are located near the purulent focus.
6. Ankylosis - loss of mobility in the joints, which are affected by purulent arthritis.
7. Development of malignant tumors.

General complications of include:

1. Sepsis - a blood poisoning.
2. Amyloidosis is an autoimmune pathology that primarily affects the kidneys.
3. Secondary anemia - anemia, which develops due to the violation of hematopoiesis due to a chronic inflammatory process.

Forecast for complete cure of osteomyelitis

The process of recovery of a person is directly affected by the features of his immunity, age, stage of the disease. Of course, the restoration of the affected area depends largely on the effectiveness of the therapy.

Often there is a need for operative treatment of osteomyelitis .The positive effect of such therapy can be said in the event that for three years after the operation a person had no relapses of the disease.

The duration of incapacity for work can be about a year - it all depends on the prevalence of the inflammatory process and the rate of closure of the defect. If the disease has led to violations in the musculoskeletal system, there is a need to assign a disability to the patient.