1 The essence and symptomatology of the

problem Poisoning is a violation of the normal vital activity of the human body. The causes can be different, if intoxication has occurred through the fault of food, it is called food. There are also poisonings with chemicals, poisons, gas, alcohol and others, but they are less common than food. When a small amount of poisonous substances enters the body with food, poisoning begins.

How many hours do the first symptoms appear? As a rule, the first symptoms appear in the first day - from 2 to 20 hours, from the moment when the toxic toxin got into the body. The patient begins to suffer severe pain in the abdomen, vomiting, watery stools with a very unpleasant odor and undigested pieces of food, the stomach can swell, blood pressure drops, weakness appears. In severe poisoning, a phenomenon such as double vision or hallucinations can occur.

These are the first signs of intoxication. Then the patient always raises the temperature, while the metabolism is accelerated, the blood vessels expand, the microcirculation becomes better. The organism thus tries to create unfavorable conditions for microorganisms and kill pathogens. At a temperature of up to 38 ° C, it is not advisable to give the patient an antipyretic, let the body fight with harmful substances. Food poisoning is manifested in a fairly short time, and therefore it is necessary to act quickly - the time in this case works against the human body.

2 First aid

First you need to cleanse the body of toxins, until they have all managed to get into the blood, usually doing a gastric lavage. Then it is necessary to restore the water-salt balance, since diarrhea and vomiting remove a lot of water from the body, and dehydration may occur. It is better to drink loose tea without sugar, compote, cooked from dried fruits, or ordinary boiled water.

In the first day, it is better not to eat anything, but just drink plenty of fluids. The second day shows a strict diet. It basically includes grated vegetable soups, porridges - it's better to eat rice or oatmeal. Meat, fish, dairy products should be completely excluded. If the patient's condition does not improve, the temperature does not drop, loose stools and vomiting increase, then urgent hospitalization is needed.

Immediate hospitalization is necessary and with botulism, this disease at home can not be handled. Botulism occurs when food is used in poor quality canned products. This poisoning can manifest itself within hours after entering the body of toxins. The patient is impaired respiratory and visual functions, there is difficulty in swallowing, weakness and pain throughout the body.

3 Food poisoning in a child

Food poisoning in a child is accompanied by almost the same symptoms as an adult. Parents should be alerted if diarrhea and vomiting are abundant and prolonged, as well as if they contain blood, mucus and remnants of undigested food. Children's poisoning gives symptoms faster than adults - within an hour the baby may have diarrhea and vomiting. But in some cases, symptoms may appear in a day.

As a first aid, a crushed activated charcoal can be given to the child, the dose depends on the child's age - up to one year it will be 1 tablet, up to 3 years - 2, up to 6 years - 4, and after 6 - 10 tablets at a time.

Like an adult, a child should be given plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, the diet consists of rice porridge on water and mashed vegetable mashed potatoes. If the child has a fever, diarrhea and vomiting do not decrease within a day, you need to call a doctor.

4 Other poisoning

Poisoning can be not only food. After food, the most common is alcohol, which can affect the kidneys, liver, GI tract, heart and brain. In severe forms, a person may lose consciousness, and if paralysis of the respiratory center occurs, the outcome will be lethal.

Drug poisoning can give a variety of symptoms, they depend on which medication was the cause. In this case, you need to urgently call an ambulance, and while she rides, rinse the affected stomach.

Gas poisoning can occur in production or at home, with a gas leak. At the victim the head starts to hurt, the palpitation becomes frequent, there is a delicacy in muscles, a vomiting, a dyspnea, loss of consciousness. If help is not on time, then there are cramps that end in a fatal outcome. The help consists in transfer of the person to fresh air and if necessary in artificial respiration. We need hospitalization.

Poisoning by poisonous chemicals occurs within an hour - changes in breathing, salivation increases, leg cramps begin. It is necessary to wash the stomach, and if the poison has got on the skin - rinsing under the stream of water.

Alkali and acid poisoning causes a burn of the pharynx, esophagus, stomach. There are bloody vomiting and painful shock. Urgent hospitalization and rapid removal of poison from the body by washing the stomach is necessary.