Epilepsy
Epilepsy

Temporal epilepsy: varieties, symptoms and treatment

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temporal epilepsy Epilepsy refers to quite often emerging pathologies of the nervous system, the disease is detected in 5-10 cases per 1000 people.

The study of the disease deals with epileptology, which combines many scientific directions. Discipline is aimed at studying therapeutic methods, as well as improving the social adaptation of patients.

Epilepsy has many classifications, one of which is based on the location of the focus of excitation( localization of the disorder in the occipital, frontal, temporal lobe of the brain).

The partial form of epilepsy is the temporal, where the epileptic focus is in the region of the temples, is 35-55% of all localized diseases.

Temporal epilepsy is characterized by complex and simple partial seizures. With the subsequent development of pathology, there are secondary generalized seizures and mental disorders.

But not always such a clinical picture indicates the location of the focus in the temporal zone. The disorder can be irradiated to the temporal region from other parts of the brain.

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epilepsy of the temporal zone

Contents

  • Causes and pathogenesis of the disease
  • Varieties of temporal epilepsy
  • Symptoms of the pathological process
  • Medical care
    • Medication
    • Surgical intervention
    • Alternative therapy
  • Remember and know!

Causes and pathogenesis of

The reasons for the appearance of epilepsy include a combination of organic damage to brain cells and genetic inheritance. Her appearance is associated with perinatal encephalopathy and cortical focal dysplasia.

Perinatal damage to the fetus is hypoxia, birth trauma, asphyxia, fetal prematurity, intrauterine infection and bruise pr. They are characterized by a delay or disruption in the development of the brain and temporal zone. In the future such violations are manifested by neurogenic pathologies.

Postnatal causes( during life) are also isolated as a result of craniocerebral trauma, inflammatory and infectious brain damage, tumors, allergies, intoxication, alcoholism, hypoglycemia, impaired metabolism or circulation, vitamin deficiency, or high fever.

A common cause of the pathology is hippocampal sclerosis. The development of the number of diseases is affected by pollution of the environment, toxins in foods, stress.

When contacting neurotransmitters, with ischemia, hypoxia, and birth injuries, neurons can die. Epilepsy of the temporal lobe can be manifested with fibrillation cramps, which can last for a long time. In addition, mediobasal temporal sclerosis may also develop.

The risk of transmission of pathology by heredity is minimal, since predisposition can be manifested when certain factors influence the child's organism.

Varieties of temporal epilepsy

For correct diagnosis, temporal epilepsy is classified based on the localization region in the brain.

Specialists identified 4 groups: amygdala, lateral, hippocampal and opercular epilepsies.

Occasionally, there is also a temporal temporal epilepsy( bilateral), the foci of which are in two temporal zones. The disease can affect simultaneously two temporal lobes or form a mirror image with the development of symptoms.

Sometimes temporal epilepsy is combined in the mediobasal and lateral groups.

structure of epilepsy

Symptomatology of the pathological process

Based on the etiology, the disease can occur at any age. In the presence of temporal epilepsy along with medial sclerosis, the disease manifests as atypical febrile seizures( in children from six months to 6 years), then spontaneous remission of the disease and afebrile psychomotor attacks are observed for several years.

epileptic seizure Temporal epilepsy is characterized by simple, complex partial and secondary generalized seizures. In general, the disease occurs with several kinds of attacks.

For simple attacks, the preservation of consciousness is characteristic, according to their variety, they are judged about the localization of pathology( motor types appear by turning the eyes or the head towards the appearance of the focus, sensory types can be detected by olfactory or taste paroxysms, system dizziness, visual and auditory imaginations).

There are possible manifestations of vestibular ataxia with hallucinations of the changed world around. Sometimes pathology is accompanied by epigastric, respiratory and cardiac paroxysms, when patients start complaining of bursting or tightness in the heart area, heartburn, nausea, pain in the abdomen, asphyxiation.

Temporal epilepsy can be associated with arrhythmia, vegetative reactions( fever, pallor, hyperhidrosis, chills) and fear.

Mediobasal pathology often manifests itself as a violation of mental function with depersonalization and derealization. For depersonalization is characterized by comparing a person with a fictional character. With the derealization of the patient, there are feelings of slowing down, accelerating time, a new perception of the standard situation.

Complex partial attacks are disconnection of consciousness due to lack of response to surrounding stimuli. Possible cessation of motor activity with a smooth fall without seizures.

Basically, such seizures are the main symptom of temporal mediabasal epilepsy, combined with repetitive manipulation( swallowing, chewing, sucking, smacking, grimacing, blinking, frowning).

Speech automatism can show a sobbing, hissing, repeating some sounds. Temporal epilepsy can also be characterized by automatic gestures( patting, carding, stroking, stamping, etc.)

As a rule, the emergence of secondary generalized seizures is observed with an increase in pathology. Symptoms of their appearance is clonic-tonic convulsions loss of consciousness, clonic-tonic muscle spasms.

Gradually, temporal epilepsy is the result of mental and mental disorders, patients are noted for slowness, impaired sociability, conflict and emotional instability.

Violations of the neuroendocrine system may occur( in women - cysts on the ovaries, change in the cycle of menstruation, in males - impaired ejaculation and decreased libido).Sometimes the pathology can be accompanied by hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, hyperprolactinemic hypogonadism.

Medical care

The most informative method for diagnosing epilepsy is an electroencephalogram, but its data should be interpreted with a neurological examination, anamnesis and laboratory analysis.

Additionally, invasive electrodes, electrocorticography can be used. Determine the cause of the pathology helps the brain's MRI.

Medical treatment

Carbamazepine The main goal of treatment is to reduce the frequency of seizures, remission of the disease( its absence).At the initial stage, monotherapy with carbamazepine is carried out. If the drug is ineffective, appoint hydantoins, valproates, barbiturates, benzoazepines.

If monotherapy does not help in the treatment of temporal epilepsy, then polytherapy with a combination of different drugs is used.

Optimum combination of high dosages of Topomax with Finplepsin or Depakin is considered;Depakin with Finlepsin.

A strong adverse reaction from taking medications is a negative effect on the digestive organs, a retarding effect on the central nervous system with ataxia, memory loss and cognitive functions.

Drug treatment should be carried out until the end of life and constantly monitor the patient's condition. If it does not work, then surgery is applied.

Surgical intervention

The operation is performed with frequent seizures with a clear epileptic focus. Such treatment is effective, in 80% of patients attacks are reduced or disappear.

Neurosurgeon conducts temporal lobectomy with removal of medio-ophthalmic and anterior parts of the brain in the region of the temple of basolateral amygdala, uncus.

There are risks during surgery, and the doctor informs the patient of possible complications( hemiparesis, Kluver-Bucy syndrome, speech disorder, complications from anesthesia).But after operations in 30-50% there are no seizures or become less frequent in 60-70% of cases.

The course of the disease and its prognosis depend on the etiology. Only in 35% of situations is achieved remission with drug treatment.

Alternative therapy

There are many additional effective tools: magnetotherapy, music therapy, yoga, acupuncture.

Good results are shown by homeopathic remedies. From the herbs will help a mixture of valerian and sage, the root of the forest peony, tea from the foliage of walnut.

Remember and know!

Prophylaxis consists in prophylactic medical examination of children and pregnant women, timely treatment of detected pathologies, epileptic activity elimination of cerebral vascular disorders.

In the absence of epileptic seizures, patients can engage in any activity( except for high-altitude work, handling of fire and moving machinery, where you need to concentrate attention).

Temporal epilepsy needs timely and correct therapy, which can make a person's life healthy and full.

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