Cervical spinal disc protrusion, lumbosacral. What is it, symptoms are treated at home, gymnastics

Protrusion and hernia in the past decade significantly rejuvenated. If they had been the lot of the elderly and the movers. But today, even the young office workers complain about the condition of his spine. His wheels can not cope with the load.

What is the protrusion of the spinal disc?

Protrusion of the spinal disc - it is a condition that is characterized by pain and impaired mobility of the spine. So called bulging disc without its shell damage. When she still tears, talking about the appearance of a hernia. To understand what it is and where there was a need to know how the spine.

The ridge is composed of 24 individual seed - the vertebrae, as well as 2 parts of solid containing from 3 to 5 fused bone. 7 the smallest bones are located in the neck, 12 - in the chest, the largest 5 - up back.

Despite the differences in size, the vertebrae have the same structure. All of them, except for the top, have a body - wide cancellous bone - and arc, which outgrowths provide attachment of muscles and ligaments. Only the uppermost vertebra in the neck instead of the body has a second arc.

The vertebrae are located one under the other and stitched ligaments, twining them outside. These spongy bones make up the spinal column and carry the entire load. That they do not deform in contact with each other, between each two adjacent vertebral bodies, there is padding, which is called the vertebral discs. In this center of the disc nucleus pulposus.

It is gelatinous in consistency. The task of the spinal disc nucleus - to absorb the vertical load. The kernel does not slip and does not spread, it is surrounded by a fibrous ring.

Fibrous ring in its structure resembles carbon: it consists of a plurality of intersecting with each other in different planes of the fibers. Such a structure provides tremendous strength annulus fibrosus and nucleus allows it to protect and preserve the vertebral body offset from the side.

there is a cavity between the arc and the body. Such cavities arranged one below the other, constitute the spinal canal where the spinal cord, nerves and blood vessels. But the blood vessels is not enough to supply the cartilage tissue of the back.

Basic Food wheels obtained by diffusion - compression and expansion, which, as the pump intervertebral pump liquid with nutrients. So arranged the top 3 mobile spine: neck, chest and waist.

2 lower division (sacrum and coccyx) are fused vertebrae without disks. Fused bones of the lower spine - payment per person per bipedalism. In the animals that move on four legs, these departments are also mobile, as well as lumbar and bones there are separated by intervertebral discs.

When the man began to walk on two legs, sacrum and coccyx began a long time to be in the same position without changing the vertical load. Diffusion did not occur, and natural food deprived atrophied intervertebral discs and the vertebrae are fused together.

So sacral and coccyx departments have completely lost their mobility. Although erectus people mobility in these departments are not really needed, so there is fused the vertebrae do not cause discomfort. Problems arise when similar violations occur in other parts of the spine.

The mechanism of the protrusion

In the spine, for various reasons, the diffusion of spinal discs may be compromised. Is an eating disorder called osteochondrosis. Stripped of power drive becomes thinner and deformed - his shell loses its elasticity and deformed. The disc begins to bulge beyond the vertebral column. This is a protrusion - bulging disc without breaking the shell.

If the disc touches the protruding part of the nerves within the spinal canal, the back pain signal the presence of the protrusion. But warped disc may not be in contact with the nerve processes, and then the person may not even suspect that he has problems with the spine.

When the protrusion is difficult to return to its former elasticity of the spinal discs, but further degenerative processes can be stopped. If you do not remove the factors triggering eating disorders disk protrusion and, in the future the problem will worsen and turn into a protrusion of a hernia.

This occurs when the anulus fibrosus breaks, the inner part of the disc is squeezed out. Drive ceases to perform its function of cushioning the vertebrae. In the future, the damaged disc is completely atrophy, while the vertebrae grow together, the spine lose its mobility and flexibility, and the probability of fracture of vertebrae fused multiply increase.

In the development of protrusions doctors distinguish 3 stages. Initially, the disk is lost elasticity, fibrous shell begins to crack, start the destructive processes. This is the stage 1. Then there is prolapse - a disc begins to act outside of the spinal column for 2-5 mm. This step 2. Finally anulus fibrosus breaks protrusion and converted into a hernia. This stage 3.

Causes of

Protrusion of the spinal disc - it is a painful condition that can occur for a number of reasons. But all of these reasons can be divided into 2 groups: poor nutrition and uneven load.

Malnutrition is caused by osteochondrosis of disks, but can be provoked and general disruption of nutrient metabolism and absorption in the body, infections and age-related problems.

Uneven load leads to the fact that on the one hand strangled spinal disc begins to compensate for this pressure, sticking out beyond the vertebral column. Why load on the vertebrae and discs becomes uneven?

The main reasons are as follows:

• Curvature of the spine: scoliosis, kyphosis and hyper lardozy.
• Bad posture.
• Failure to comply with the technology heavy lifting.
• Shock and too big load.
• Injury.
• Weakness muscular frame.
• Overweight.

Predisposition to protrusion can be inherited genetically. In people with a genetic predisposition intervertebral discs is inherently less durable. Curvature of the spine and low back pain can also be hereditary.

Kinds

Protrusions are divided by the number and arrangement of protrusions on the diffuse, circular and local. Local protrusions are located on one side of the disc. Diffuse and circular no precise localization and distributed around the perimeter of the disk.

Diffuse (circular)

Protrusion of the spinal disc - it is a disease that comes in many forms. Diffuse form involves several irregular defects around the perimeter of the disk. This form of the disease is considered the most dangerous and can lead to disability, without proper treatment.

The circular protrusion, unlike the diffuse, characterized by uniform heaving entire spinal disc. This protrusion shape is very common and occurs due to degeneration of the disc tissue.

Drive lost elasticity can not absorb the vertebral bodies, so when squeezed as ball deflated, flattened and protrudes uniformly in all directions, free of pressure. It looks like evenly-circular protrusion.

Much more dangerous than the other species of the circular protrusion - circularly dorsal. In this form there is a strong protrusion towards the spinal canal. Without treatment, this kind of protrusion may even lead to paralysis.

local

Local protrusion constitute a single protrusion on the circumference of the disc. It is limited in size and is localized at a specific location, hence the name.

Classification

Local protrusions are classified by their location.

three kinds of protrusions is allocated to this classification:

• dorsal,
• lateral,
• ventral.

Another way to classify local protrusions - size:

• petite,
• average,
• large,
• awesome.

The different kinds of protrusions in these classifications?

On the side of the localization

On the side localization reveal the dorsal, lateral and ventral protrusion.

Dorsal protrusion - the most dangerous, because the disk bulges out toward the spinal canal and can affect the spinal cord and arteries feeding it.

There are subspecies of the dorsal protrusion: median and posterolateral. Median form is characterized by a clear projection towards the spinal cord.

Posterolateral or paramedian - shifted a little to the side from the center of the back. Lateral main column - if the projection is small and does not touch the nerves, the pain symptoms can not be.

Ventral protrusion is rare. With this localization disc protrusion is directed forward and is characterized by pain. There may be sensory disturbances and motor skills.

in size

projection size is determined by the maximum distance at which the disc protrudes beyond the limits of the post.

The size	The neck	In the lower back
small	<0.2 cm	<0.4 cm
average	0.2 - 0.4 cm	0.4 - 0.7 cm
big	0.4 - 0.6 cm	0.7 - 0.9 cm
huge	> 0.6 cm	> 0.9 cm

The main symptoms

Common symptoms are the following:

• Pain along the spine, both chronic and acute migrating;
• muscle weakness;
• numbness in hands and feet, tingling or other problems with sensitivity;
• migraine;
• Cluster and pulsating pain in the neck area, crown, forehead, temples and eye sockets;
• disorders of perception by the senses.

Yet there are signs that point to a certain type of protrusion.

Protrusion in the lumbar

Protrusion in the lower back is characterized by stiffness and pain in the area that "give" in the leg or in the buttocks. More should alert instability and pain in the legs.

Also, symptoms may include circulatory disorders, which are expressed in constant merznuschih legs, numbness or tingling in the legs and groin. Sometimes a lumbar protrusion may indicate disruption of the urogenital system.

The lumbosacral

characterized by all of the above symptoms for the protrusion between the loin and rump as well as sciatica attacks, as in colds, as well as during exercise.

Protrusion of the cervical spine

For the protrusions in the neck is characterized by limited mobility and sudden sharp pain, do not allow to rotate or tilt your head, as well as migraine headaches and cluster character, balance problems, nausea, nagging pain in the hands, merznuschie and numb fingers.

Similar symptoms and causes protrusion in the chest. Chest pain that is often mistaken for tachycardia, can also be a symptom of disc deformation in the thoracic region.

Diagnostics

Protrusion of the spinal disc - it is a disease that can be diagnosed by a neurologist based on a series of tests. According to the results the doctor will be able to assign the optimal treatment.

X-ray

Unfortunately, X-rays can not see the protrusion itself. By snapshot manages only to diagnose a large lateral protrusion (it is seen as a strong convergence of the two adjacent vertebrae on one side) and a circular protrusion, which is a significant reduction in the height of the intervertebral drive.

But as can be seen on x-ray only the vertebrae, it is impossible to say exactly protrusion in a picture or a hernia. As well as the absence of visible shifts in the x-ray does not guarantee the absence of protrusions.

CT and MRI

Computed tomography, as well as X-ray, showing a state of the bones, so to evaluate the extent of damage of the intervertebral disc only by the location of the vertebrae. But unlike a conventional X-ray, CT scan gives an image in layers, which allows more accurate assessment of the displacement of the vertebrae in three dimensions.

Currently the only way to get information about the state of the soft tissues - magnetic resonance imaging. It even allows you to diagnose and distinguish small protrusion protrusion of a hernia.

medication

Once a diagnosis of "protrusion" confirmed, it is assigned a comprehensive treatment that includes physical therapy, manual therapy, exercise therapy, the correct mode, drug and non-drug treatment, and in some cases prompt intervention.

Drug treatment, assigned when the protrusion, has several objectives:

• pain relief,
• fight inflammation, if any,
• intervertebral disc nutrition,
• addressing the causes of protrusion, if it is treated with medication.

Non-narcotic analgesics

Non-narcotic analgesics - the most commonly prescribed drugs in the protrusion. Their task - to relieve pain and, as a consequence, improve the quality of life of the patient. Analgesics are fighting only the symptoms of the protrusion, so almost never used by themselves. They are always in combination with other drugs.

The majority of non-narcotic analgesics can be bought without a prescription. But when receiving important to follow the recommended dosage.

The use of increased doses or more of the drugs did not immediately numb stronger, but will increase the risk of side effects.

Of them suffer mainly the gastrointestinal tract, liver and kidneys. There are problems with these bodies should be required to notify the physician at the stage of selection of drugs.

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs not only analgesic, but are struggling with the inflammatory process in the spinal disc and adjacent tissues. These drugs, although you can buy without a prescription, it is better not to take without consulting a doctor.

Only a doctor can choose the most suitable drug, moreover, he can know the launch of the new drugs, which ordinary people have not heard. Market NSAIDs is not standing still. New products far exceed the time-tested products and the effectiveness and safety.

Combined painkillers

Combination analgesics are a combination of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with analgesics. Most often made on the basis of diclofenac or ibuprofen. Unlike NVSP combined preparations have a more pronounced analgesic effect.

Medicines for topical use

Analgesics and antiinflammatory agents may be used not only as a tablet but also topically in an ointment or gel. These topical preparations have a less pronounced effect than tablets, but begin to act immediately.

Therefore, the most effective combination of local and general treatment: Ointment provides immediate, but short-term effect, and when it ends, it takes pills.

Sometimes warming ointment recommended protrusions that increase blood circulation and thus reduce pain. But if the protrusion pinched some vessel, the use of warm-up ointments can lead to increased inflammation, edema and, as a consequence, an increase in pain.

narcotic painkillers

The use of narcotic analgesics is not standard practice in the treatment of protrusion. However, the neurologist may prescribe weak opioids, if conventional analgesics do not help deal with the pain.

Muscle relaxants

Muscle relaxants are assigned when the protrusion is exacerbated by overexertion of muscles of the back and neck. The use of muscle relaxants helps to reduce pain and improve circulation.

Muscle relaxants may be prescribed in the early stages of the disease, if it was the cause of bad posture. Curvature of the bearing occurs due to overexertion of some groups of muscles and weakening others. In this case, struggling with muscle relaxants cause protrusion relaxing overstrained muscles. Particularly effective is the treatment in combination with massage and physical therapy.

anticonvulsants

For the treatment of protrusion can sometimes be administered anticonvulsants. They help to reduce symptoms such as pain, numbness and spasms in the limbs.

chondroprotectors

Chondroprotectors not fighting with the symptoms of the protrusion, and with it the cause - poor nutrition of intervertebral discs. Chondroprotectors strengthen cartilage tissue including anulus fibers, and improve metabolic processes.

Drugs that improve the conduction of nerve impulses

If the protrusion protrudes into the spinal canal and pinched nerves, this leads to numbness and sensory loss. For the treatment of these effects prescribers to improve conduction of nerve impulses. Usually they are not used as a primary treatment and as an auxiliary drug, relieving symptoms and improving quality of life.

Drug-free treatment

The first thing to observe the regime of work and rest. Also important therapeutic exercise and stretching. There are also non-pharmacological treatment, which is not applicable in the home. This massage and manual therapy, physiotherapy and spa treatment.

Mode

The most important thing in the treatment of protrusion - to a regime that does away with excessive and shock loads on the spine. It eliminates heavy lifting. It is important to maintain the correct posture. If doing it yourself is difficult, your doctor may prescribe the wearing of special support structures.

In severe cases, it can be shown to bed, but no longer than a couple of days. After all, one of the most important conditions for the treatment of protrusions is movement.

Physiotherapy

Regular practice of physical therapy - the key to save the health of the spine. In the treatment of protrusion of the purpose of physical education - to strengthen the muscular frame and stretch the spine. When you exercise it is very important the correct technique.

Improper exercise can harm and aggravate the disease. Therefore, the first class physical therapy should be carried out under the supervision of a physician physiologist or physical therapy. He will explain how to do the exercise and what to look for when performing. Then you can have your own home to perform the proposed exercises.

Physical exercises at home should be regular. It is better to do fewer reps, but every day, so that the body gradually became accustomed to the load, and remembered the technique than to engage in hard times a week, and then to suffer from pain in the muscles.

Massage and chiropractic

When protrusion massage is useful to stretch the spine and improve the nutrition of intervertebral discs. Also massage helps strengthen the muscular frame and get rid of muscle clamps.

This can reduce pain in the back, even without the use of drugs. But the therapist must get acquainted with the patient's medical history and the results of its surveys, so as not to harm the influence of the dark.

In the case where the protrusion passed into a hernia, should further consult a neurologist on the admissibility of manual treatment. In some forms of hernia massage is strictly prohibited.

Manual therapy not only helps to alleviate the patient's condition at the protrusion, but also act on its causes. Manual therapist can significantly reduce the curvature of the spine, which has an uneven load on the injured disc. But in order not to harm, manualshchiku need results tomographic examination of the patient.

extension

spine stretching can restore the natural nutrition of intervertebral discs due to diffusion. Stretch the spine, you can use a massage or a separate exercise.

Spine stretching are very effective areas such as Pilates and swimming. But jumping on a trampoline and even provoke the diffusion of the intervertebral disc, but do so at the expense of the shock load on the spine, which can lead to even greater damage to the disc.

physiotherapy

In contrast, physical therapy and massage, physiotherapy is shown even in the acute form protrusions. It includes electrical, thermal and high impact applications analgesic and antiinflammatory drugs. Appointed neurologist.

Spa treatment

Spa treatment was popular with the union and now does not lose its relevance. There are resorts specializing in spinal problems. They offer all types of non-drug treatment of the spine, plus the ability to get more and medication if necessary. Yet during the exacerbation of the protrusion is better to refrain from visiting the resort.

Aggressive therapy

invasive techniques relief protrusion vertebral discs can be displayed in acute pain. These include the effect on pain points, epidural anesthesia and minimally invasive surgery.

Obkalyvanie painful trigger points

The examination can reveal protrusion point most painful to pressure. They are called trigger.

In order to facilitate the patient's condition, these trigger points are blocked due to the injection:

• hormonal anti-inflammatory drugs;
• chondroprotectors;
• anesthetics;
• vitamins.

Such obkalyvanie gives temporary but pronounced effect.

epidural anesthesia

Epidural anesthesia is rarely used for the treatment of protrusion. The indications for its use becomes impossible to remove the pain in other ways.

Minimally invasive surgery

Modern medicine offers Nucleoplasty as a quick way to the treatment of the protrusion. As the name implies, the operation is the removal of part of the intervertebral disc nucleus. Most often nucleoplasty performed using laser or radio waves. After reducing the volume of the nucleus protruding portion is drawn back disc. Hospitalization for nucleoplasty not required.

The main mistakes in the treatment of back pain

The main mistake in the treatment of the protrusion is a rejection of the reference to the doctor and try to treat yourself. Improperly selected anti-inflammatory and pain medications do not give the desired effect, but can be addictive. Then, for the treatment required large doses. Improper exercise on stretching and strengthening the spine lead to injury or aggravate the disease.

Failure diagnosis of causes that trigger the disease to severe stage, and it can provoke hernia. This does not mean that at the slightest pain have to run to the doctors. But if the pain is chronic or intermittent and occurs regularly, the earlier a person gets to the neurologist, the more chances he has to recover.

Another common mistake - prolonged bed rest. One thinks that it is better not to move once again when the back hurts. But the intervertebral discs are supplied by diffusion, and it can only be on the move. Therefore, long-term peace may adversely affect the condition of the spine.

Protrusion of the spinal disc - not a sentence. Even if it can not be completely cured, you can significantly improve their quality of life with the help of modern medicine. But this does not mean that you can not take care of their health, until a sore back. Back problems still impose some restrictions, such as avoiding certain types of physical activity.

Author: Nasten4a

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

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