SARS in children. Symptoms and treatment, antibiotics, folk remedies, doctors' recommendations

Viral infections threaten the health of the population all year round. SARS in children occur most often. Symptoms and treatment depend on the type of virus. Outbreaks of disease and epidemics are in the late winter - early spring.

This is because that the most favorable conditions for viral replication - a warm, wet weather. And in conjunction with the fall of immunity, people of all ages, the risk of catching an infection.

What is SARS

SARS, or acute respiratory viral infection, a disease resulting from the introduction of the virus into the human body. Pathogens penetrate through the mucous membranes of the eyes and nose.

The basic method for the body fight infection - a synthesis of interferon. The substance stops the multiplication of viruses and destroy them.

Types of SARS in children

SARS in children, symptoms and treatment depend on the type of infection can be different - from mild cold to a protracted illness with high fever. The most severe form of influenza - virus penetration result of type A, B or C.

This disease is characterized by the rapid development of symptoms within 1-2 days:

• strong increase in body temperature to 40 ° C;
• headaches and muscle pain;
• loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting;
• dry cough with sputum difficult.

For the diagnosis of a special study to determine the type of virus. However, to successfully suppress the disease treatment should begin as soon as the first symptoms appear. Therefore should not wait for results of the analysis, you need to start taking powerful drugs.

Stage and grade of SARS in children

SARS in children, symptoms and treatment which further depends on the degree of penetration of viruses into the body. At the beginning of the introduction occurs via the mucosa of the nose or mouth. Next, the infection spreads to the upper respiratory tract, lowered into the lungs. Comes the incubation period, during which the virus begins to actively proliferate.

The duration of this period depends on the type of infectious agents and their quantity. Then comes the acute phase. Its duration - 3 days on average.

The rapid multiplication of viruses also cause intoxication of the organism, which result in part unpleasant symptoms such as nausea, aches, pains. At this time, the ill is most dangerous to people around them. It is unacceptable to wait for independent resolution of symptoms. This is especially true for children.

Types of SARS:

• adenoviral infection;
• parainfluenza;
• respiratory syncytial infection;
• rhinovirus infection.

For adenoviruses is characterized by prolonged, undulating course. In the acute phase greatly increased body temperature, there is a pronounced cough, rhinitis with profuse expectoration. Other symptoms include sore throat, tonsillitis, tonsillar swelling with hard overlay purulent sinus.

Possible complications, including pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis, and kidney damage. Parainfluenza develops within 2-4 days. It is characterized by mild fever, mild degree of intoxication and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Of the symptoms of the child concerned about pain in the throat and chest, dry cough, runny nose with copious mucus liquid with the admixture of pus.

The temperature usually does not exceed 38,5 ° C. Perhaps the development of obstructive bronchitis. Rhinovirus infection occurs most often. It is characterized by the standard symptoms of sneezing, itchy nose and nasal, heavy liquid discharge. It is also possible occurrence of herpes rash on the lips or in the nasal cavity. Due to the continuous flow of mucus occurs maceration of the skin and pain.

Weak body of the child is still not strong enough to suppress the infection rapidly without further assistance in the form of medicines. If you do not take timely action, the risk of serious complications is greatly increased. The effects may be different, including death.

Symptoms of SARS in children

The most striking symptom of SARS in children - occurrence of the common cold and the subsequent increase in body temperature. Depending on the propensity to allergic reactions, they can have different degrees of severity. Since the first signs of recommended intake of antihistamines and treatment with preparations containing pheniramine maleate (Tera Flu, Sip Rinzai etc.).

The substance effectively relieves the appearance of allergic reactions during cold. Dosing and should be taken in view of the child's age. For very young children from 1 year is permissible to give part of the package, depending on the child's weight. Calculating dosages to produce by comparison with the average adult body weight.

SARS in children, symptoms and treatment are determined by the type of virus, it is characterized by a sharp increase of signs of disease immediately after the end of the incubation period.

For example:

• runny nose;
• hyperthermia;
• dry or wet cough;
• shivering or fever.

The child becomes lethargic, moody, refuses to eat. At this time, there should not be forced mandatory. Loss of appetite - it's a way to keep the strength of the body to fight infection. The process of digestion of food requires a lot of energy. Therefore, the notion of negative calorie foods.

Causes of SARS in children

Viruses spread by airborne droplets. In addition to direct inhalation, they penetrate into the body household way. One of the most common infection of options - the door handles. Viruses thrive on the surface for a while waiting for the next victim.

Therefore, the main rule - it's sure to wash your hands after you return home. And until that time, avoid touching the nose, eyes or mouth. During outbreaks to help liquid hand sanitizer or cheap, and it is extremely effective chlorhexidine. The same effect has Miramistin, but its price is substantially higher.

Among the most frequent infections encountered rotavirus. Judging by the title, the main way of penetration - by the fecal-oral. After ingestion of the virus begins its destructive action in the gut. By age 5, almost every child suffers this disease.

Rotavirus causes severe diarrhea in the development of the child in 20% of all cases. State half of cases require hospitalization. It accounts for 5% of all deaths of children under 5 years. The disease is characterized for kindergartens and infectious department of the hospital. Outbreaks occur in the colder months, from November to April.

Diagnosis of SARS in children

SARS in children, symptoms and treatment depend on the general tendency of the child to communicable diseases occur with varying frequency - from 1 to 8 times during the year.

This is due to the fact that immunity is formed only against suffering a virus, but in fact there are hundreds. The peak incidence occurs between the ages of 2-5 years. Since the start of kindergarten child may be ill SARS up to 15 times per year.

Then, up to 7 times, and 3-5 in the following years. This happens due to the accumulation of experience by the body and the immune response training for the implementation of the new virus. For the diagnosis of blood and urine tests are used. On the accession of a viral infection indicates a sharp increase in the level of white blood cells. However, at the beginning of the disease, they can be below normal.

These particles are produced in the body to fight viruses. Peak concentration observed 2-3 days after onset of symptoms. In the future, it keeps at a stable level. It begins to decline after the suppression of the infection.

In addition to white blood cells, a change in concentration and other blood components:

erythrocytes	normal or increased due to the lack of liquid in the body
hematocrit	increase as a result of fever
ESR	usually increases, but the rate for SARS nonspecific
neutrophils and eosinophils	are reduced or disappear completely

With a weak immunity white blood cells is not enough. Therefore, there is no timely suppress the infection. To combat require drugs to help the body cope with the virus.

When to see a doctor

Due to imperfections in the immune system of the child care specialist is highly desirable. First, we should refer to the primary care pediatrician. For the initial examination is better to call a doctor at home, even if the body temperature is normal or close to it. The baby in this period is dangerous for those around children because of the high risk of infection.

Depending on the symptoms and the presence of chronic disease may need to consult a pulmonary, or cardiologist allergologist. It is mandatory to be given direction on blood and urine tests at intake and after the disease.

On the basis of their results the doctor can prescribe adequate therapy for rapid suppression of SARS and to decide on further tactics against relapse.

Prevention of SARS in children

As already mentioned, in the first place - frequent hand washing with soap and water. Especially after walking, and the contact with other children.

For prevention, a number of medications, which are receiving the recommended scheme effectively prevents infection:

• tsikloferon;
  
• Anaferon;
• Oscillococcinum;
• Grippferon et al.

Furthermore medicaments good action will ascorbic acid with daily intake. Do not exceed the recommended dosage. For children is enough 1 piece containing 50 mg per day. Greater amount can cause allergies.

Methods of treatment of ARI in children

Even with a strong attachment to the recipes of traditional medicine should not be neglected pharmacy facilities. Now there are a lot of drugs to suppress the infection as soon as possible. And some drugs can do to avoid the disease even during epidemics.

Medications

According to the experience among the whole mass of the greatest efficiency has TSikloferon. Adult reception assumed to 6 tablets once in the first day of illness. But, given the child's body weight is usually enough 1-2 pieces per day. The drug is best taken daily for a quick recovery. Among the contraindications - age up to 4 years.

This is due to the imperfection of the act of swallowing. Therefore, if the child has already trained swallowing tablets, the drug can be taken. Should not be ground and mixed with water, because of the extreme bitterness of the active ingredient. If necessary, you can give the whole tablet with a small amount of liquid food and the right to offer the child a drink.

General course depends on early initiation of therapy. If you start receiving at the first symptoms, it is enough 1-2 days. the child should be adequately evaluated. When you begin improving the course can not be interrupted. Last tablet should be taken with full confidence in the recovery.

List of drugs:

• Oscillococcinum - homeopathic preparation. However, this has a good effect. And you can not explain it to a placebo effect, since small children because of their age do not understand the purpose for which they are given this medicine. Applied daily 1 bottle for dispersal under the tongue. Anaferon - also homeopathy. Very popular with young parents as really helps.
  
• Arbidol - preparation of unproven efficacy. And the cost of it too has grown in recent years. Therefore, you should evaluate the effectiveness of individually.
• Grippferon - nasal drops with a content of α-interferon. Directly compete with viruses. At regular instillation prevents penetration of infection. Must be stored in the refrigerator. For the treatment and prevention are applied twice a day for 1-2 drops in each nostril.
• rimantadine - outdated medication. It acts only against 2 types of flu and viruses many times more. Negative effect on the liver and should not be used in children.
• viferon - rectal suppositories with a dosage content of interferon in the age of the child. Applied 2 times a day with 12-hour intervals, preferably after bowel movement. Effective medication for quick relief of symptoms of SARS. Cost Viferon-1 - about 250 rubles.
• Genferon - rectal suppositories with interferon and taurine, contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes. Taurine - powerful antioxidant to preserve the biological activity of interferon and enhance the therapeutic effect of interferon. The price is higher - 300-400 rubles per 1 package Genferon Light.
• Also a choice of medicinal tincture of Siberian Ginseng, Echinacea, Immunal drops and others. Apart from the risk of an allergic reaction, they contain a high proportion of ethyl alcohol. For obvious reasons, these drugs should be avoided in the treatment of children.
• And another interesting facility - Nazaval Plus. It represents a fine powder. As the active ingredient comprises an extract of wild garlic. In admixture with micronized cellulose polymer forms a film on the surface of the nasal mucosa and destroys viruses. With this enables effective prevention of contamination and prevents a relapse during the epidemic. Unpleasant minus - the price of 350-600 rubles. But one bottle is enough for the whole seasonal rise in incidence.

Traditional methods

Among the most popular methods - steaming feet in hot water with mustard. The treatment stimulates blood circulation, essential oils penetrate through the feet and spread throughout the body. Mustard physically neutralize viruses and speeds recovery.

Another way - to breathe over cooked potatoes, covered with a blanket. Hot steam raises the temperature of mucous and contains volatile. The procedure heats the shell of the lungs, bronchi, promotes the discharge of mucus and quickly eliminates the cough. And the easiest option - to drink plenty of warm, sweet tea, and 2 blankets and shelter good sweat.

Before it better to enclose additional sheets to absorb perspiration. With the same purpose can go to the bath or sauna wet. The main thing is to bundle up well after their visit. Traditional methods are available and effective. Contraindicated only in the case of persistent fever.

Other methods

Bed rest. Should not be in the active phase of the disease to do any work. It drains the body and prevents the fight viruses. Close people should take care of all patient care. Recovery in this case will be quick, and complications will arise.

Drinking plenty of fluids and light food. At high body temperature naturally lost a lot of liquid. If concerned about diarrhea, especially should drink more. Also presented in drugstores of type rehydron, complementary deficiency of essential electrolytes such as potassium, magnesium and sodium. They are unpleasant to the taste, but the benefits make up for this shortcoming.

possible complications

Complications neglect leads to the necessity of taking medications, bed rest, and other conditions. ARI less dangerous in this respect. Influenza can result in much more sad until death.

Among the most common complications:

• myocarditis - inflammation of the heart muscle;
  
• glomerulonephritis - the defeat of the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys;
• meningitis - inflammation of the meninges;
• otitis media, sinusitis - purulent lesion of the ears and sinuses;
• tracheitis - inflammation of the trachea;
• pneumonia, bronchitis - severe lung disease.

development of angina often occurs. It is a bacterial infection caused by a sharp decline in immunity. Accompanied by intense pain. Body temperature rises to 40 ° C. Affects the throat and tonsils. Then the infection penetrates into the lower airways. Possible hoarseness and complete loss of voice.

For the treatment necessary to start taking antibiotics. If the infection has not had time to go down to the lungs, a good action will have products based on azithromycin. There syrups for young children. For the older generation - capsules and tablets. The course of treatment - from 3 to 6 days. 1 The drug is taken once daily on an empty stomach is strictly for 1 hour before meals.

Among other effective means based preparations of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.

It significantly increases the pharmacological activity of the antibiotic active and improves the penetration into soft body tissue.

For children it Amoxiclav, Flemoklav Soljutab, Augmentin. dosage calculation is made based on the child's weight, age and severity of symptoms.

It is unacceptable to wait until the disease in children depart alone. And be sure to start the treatment at the first sign of infection.

The standard recommendation for the parents - always keep in stock a whole range of drugs to combat SARS. Early treatment - the key principle of a speedy recovery and to prevent complications.

Registration of the article: Lozinski Oleg

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