Tick ​​bite. Symptoms in humans, photo looks like, the consequences of what to do, than to process, antibiotics

Ticks are parasitic groups of the order of arachnids. The most famous is the wood tick, which is activated mainly from April to June.

Danger of this kind lies in arthropod bite them, as ticks can be vectors of serious diseases (some may be fatal). It is therefore important to know what it looks like the bite, the main symptoms of infection and CPR and first aid to the affected person.

Bites some species of mites are the most dangerous?

Mites are arthropods small that are split in two main groups according to the power method:

• saprophagous. Ticks live in this group due to the absorption of organic residues. They may eat the grain particles of human skin or subcutaneous fat;
• predators. Insects feed on the blood of humans or animals.

Each of the groups is a threat to human life. But the mites are the most dangerous predators, as they are at the time of the bite can transmit the infection to the blood variety. Next, we consider the most common types of mites and their danger to humans.

mite	Description of life	What is the risk to human
Forest (Ixodes) tick. It reaches a size of approximately 4 mm.	They live in the forests and in gardens and park areas. Arthropods waiting for their "sacrifice" mainly in bushes and thickets of high grass. They quickly cling to the clothes the person or animal dander, then select the most suitable location bite (neck, armpit or groin). Ticks feed on blood sacrifices. After a bite may be on the body up to 10 days.	It ranked first on the degree of danger. The bite itself is not terrible, and painless. But if the tick is a carrier of infection, it immediately enters the blood.
Argasovye. It reaches a length of about 10 mm.	They live mainly in the crevices of the walls of houses or barns. It attacks mainly on domestic animals, including birds. But the shortage of food and can bite a person. Ticks are active during evening and night time.	In second place on danger, as well as are carriers of infection.
Itch. Males are 0.1-0.2 mm long, and females can grow up to 0.5 mm.	This species is also active only at night. It occurs under the human skin and can be transmitted through contact with the carrier. Mites feed on blood. The living of arthropods and their movement under the skin, accompanied by intolerable itching.	mites danger is severe itching, which does not sleep at night. Also as a result of scratching produced open wounds in which infection can easily infiltrate.
Bed. Can reach a length of 0.1-0.5 mm.	The mite lives mainly in bedding, which can be reached from the animal wool or man himself. Arthropods do not feed on blood. They have enough of dead human epithelium, which is showered on the pillows and sheets during sleep.	Despite the fact that the tick does not bite man, it can also cause serious injury. In the process of life arthropod emit strong allergen, as a result, a person may develop asthma, and during sleep there is a possibility of choking.
Gamazovyh (Demodex). The size can reach 0.1-0.2 mm.	Dwells in the human skin, most people (about 90%). It feeds on sebum and dead cells.	tick danger occurs when severely immunocompromised, when he begins to actively proliferate. This phenomenon is accompanied by acne, severe itching and inflammation of the epidermis.

To determine the exact form of the tick and the degree of danger is possible only in the laboratory. Therefore, the extracted specimen can not destroy or throw away.

What is the bite?

Tick ​​bite (symptoms appear in humans are usually not directly) on the skin can manifest itself in the form of small red spots with a small swelling may be present a little itchy.

This reaction is caused by trauma to the skin and arthropod saliva, which often causes allergic reactions. Symptoms disappear within 3-5 days, but on the condition that there has been infection.

When a person has an allergy to insect secret, the bite site can greatly swell and become inflamed. If the tick carrier borreliosis was then formed around the bite circle diameter of 10 to 20 cm (in rare cases can be up to 60 cm) with a red border, and in the center of the skin may become white or bluish shade. Symptoms are approximately 14 days.

Mite sucked advantageously where there is a thin skin, that:

• groin area;
• neck and behind the ears;
• stomach or waist;
• underarms and chest.

Importantly, examination by a specialist, as well as the delivery of the tick in the laboratory are required, even if the deterioration in the state of health and a rapid restoration of the bite site. Some types transmitted diseases have a long incubation period.

Symptoms develop from tick bites

Depending on the carrier of any infection is a tick bite symptoms can vary.

But there are common signs:

• sudden feeling of weakness and drowsiness;
• tenderness in the area of ​​the bite;
• a sharp increase in temperature is accompanied by a fever and aching joints. The cause of this symptom is allergic to the mite saliva infection or contamination;
• cramps and pain in the eyes in bright light;
• headache, which occurs abruptly without precipitating factors;
• increasing the number of heart beats;
• pressure change indicator;
• occurrence of rashes on the skin;
• itching at the bite site;
• increase and morbidity of lymph nodes;
• appearance hallucinations;
• sudden nausea or vomiting;
• respiratory failure process.

A distinctive feature is that the very process of penetration of the proboscis of the tick in the skin does not cause pain and discomfort.

It is important to the severity of the above symptoms depends on the following data:

• the number of ticks had time to glare at the skin;
• the age of the victim;
• state immunity;
• mite is contagious or not;
• how the infection got into the body;
• how long a tick in contact with the victim;
• predisposed to an allergic reaction.

The visit to the doctor as soon as possible allows you to quickly identify the infection and prevent the development of complications. The majority of diseases which are transmitted by ticks, are fatal.

After some time the symptoms appear the bite of the tick at the person?

Tick ​​bite (at the person's symptoms, the brightness of their appearance depends on the overall state of the victim) which is a carrier of infection can cause impairment during the period being from 2 to 5 hours. In rare cases, the incubation period may take up to 45 days. Therefore recommended by doctors is supervised by a professional at least a month after the bite.

Can a tick bite is not having stuck?

The mite can produce a bite, not stuck to human skin. The reason for the bite of arthropods is the saturation of the blood of the "master".

To do this, the tick should be carefully cling to the body, then the epidermis receives anesthetic agents that allow painlessly inserted under the skin, not only the proboscis, but the head. mite males can be satisfied for 1-6 hours. Females feed on the blood of 1 to 6 days. In this case, arthropods can grow in size up to 10 times.

Can a tick bite through clothing and tights?

The tick bite in the process is to dip under the skin of the head with a proboscis, so arthropods can not cling to the epidermis, even if nylon stockings are on top of it. In this connection, after being hit by a man looking for an outdoor clothing mite skin. Therefore light clothes allows early detection of tick and avoid the development of dangerous symptoms.

How dangerous tick bites to humans?

The mite may be dangerous for a person, even if it is not infected. People with a predisposition to allergic reactions secret, secreted in the tick bite in the process can cause the development of stronger necks allergic reactions, including anaphylactic shock.

The most dangerous are the ticks, which are carriers of infection. For quick diagnosis requires laboratory examination of arthropod, so it must be after the extraction place it in a sealed container. If the tick is not found, it will take more time to determine the disease.

Ticks can be carriers of the following diseases:

• encephalitis. The disease manifests lesion brain tissue inflammatory reaction, followed by paralysis, mental development of dementia and even death (in the absence of timely treatment);
• borreliosis. Initially pathology manifested appearance characteristic circles on the skin with a diameter of 10 cm and a pale center. Furthermore infection can affect the nervous and cardiovascular system;
• ehrlichiosis. Pathology expressed skin eruptions and general weakening of the immune system. In the absence of therapy lead to respiratory and renal failure;
• typhus. The disease is also accompanied by eruptions of the epidermis, the symptoms of intoxication additionally present;
• acrodermatitis enteropathic. The disease is accompanied by metabolic disorders (worsens zinc absorption in the intestine);
• anaplasmosis and babesiosis. Diseases accompanied by breach of the blood, followed by poisoning toxins organism.

It is important that after the bite of an infected tick the chance of infection is not 100%.

Is it possible to become infected by a tick if it crawled over the body?

If the tick just crawled over the skin surface, unable to suck, the infection does not penetrate into the body, as a result there is no likelihood of infection. Therefore, upon detection of the mite on the body or clothing must be immediately removed and destroyed by fire.

First aid

Tick ​​bite (in humans the symptoms may indicate the need for the inspection body to identify the parasite) may carry deadly.

It is therefore necessary to provide first aid properly when it detects the stuck arthropod affected:

• get tick recommended in the nearest clinic, because it is important to remove it completely (with incorrect handling of his head may remain under the skin);
• you need to get the tick from the skin as soon as possible. Then it is time to dedicate to the skin a minimal amount of saliva, which may be contaminated or to cause the development of severe allergic reactions;
• mite can not destroy or throw away. It needs to hand over to a laboratory for diagnosis of infection;
• if only the bite and there are characteristic symptoms of the body was found, it requires examination by a specialist with the subsequent delivery of analyzes;
• If the site of the bite there is a strong swelling and inflammation of the recommended take antihistamines (Suprastin, Zyrtec, Zodak);
• if the tick was recovered at home or he has disappeared, sucked the blood, it is required during the first day to visit the clinic. Doctors appoint conduct vaccination to prevent infection.

The correct behavior of the victim after the detection of the mite on the body to avoid possible complications.

But first aid is also important to know what actions are prohibited:

• drip on mite oil, gasoline or alcohol with the aim that it will unhook from the skin. This procedure is quite long and dangerous secret in a large release of the bite;
• cauterize mite zakurennoy cigarette or other hot object. Chances destroy "parasite" before he unhook yourself, and damage the body that complicate the extraction process;
• pull out the tick, taking his body with your fingers. In this case emission increases saliva possible infection in the bite. It is also possible separation from the body of the head, the extraction of which would be difficult;
• to postpone the procedure of removing the tick from the skin (do not have time to travel to remote clinics or arthropod sucked into the groin, causing discomfort to the treatment at the clinic). As a result, the risk of infection and the likelihood of developing allergies are increasing;
• kill the tick until his head is in the skin. Since after the death of the body "parasite" relaxes and blood enters all stock tick saliva. As a result, the risk of infection and the development of allergies is increasing.

If the victim there is a marked (described above), the symptoms and the condition worsens, the urgent need to call emergency assistance.

How to pull the tick?

If necessary, remove the tick yourself (clinic is far away, "parasite" is found in later evening, when hospitals are closed or otherwise) it is important to manipulate with extreme caution from subject to the following rules:

• during extraction does not perform sudden movements, since the head gap at the possible parasite ";
• wrap closer to the head of the tick thread lightly tighten. It is important to win, otherwise the thread "cut off" the head of "parasite." Smooth movements, arthropod with swaying from side to side, make the extraction;
• to extract the tick tweezers may be used. It is important that the tool edges were rounded with no sharp corners. In the process of pulling out to make sure that the tweezers are not damaged body "parasite";
• if the tick suck enough blood, then it can be removed, gently clasping fingers making their rotational movement;
• removing the tick special clamp is considered the most safe (available at any pharmacy).

In the end it is necessary to process the rest of the wound with antibacterial soap, then a disinfectant. Further, with the tick (it needs to be placed in a closed vessel) visit the nearest clinic and laboratory.

What if the tick head remains under the skin?

If as a result of self-manipulation to remove the tick its head remained in the skin, the need for its recovery (subject to the procedure at home):

1. Treat the wound and hand disinfectants.
2. Escalate any sharp (needle sewing or syringe, pin) object on fire.
3. Removing the head is similar to removing a splinter.
4. Repeat disinfecting wounds.
5. During the day the wound antiseptic process at least 3 times.

If the head remains in the site of the bite, then after 3-5 days the wound fester and the subsequent development of the inflammatory process in the skin.

The symptoms and treatment of diseases caused by tick bite

Tick ​​bite (symptoms in humans and subsequent treatment depends on the type of infection) in rare cases can cause the development of the disease. The most common diseases are discussed below.

tick borne encephalitis

When ingested encephalitis infection incubation period of the disease may take a period of 2 to 20 days. The virus can develop into any tissue, including penetrate into lymphatic and circulatory systems. The causative agent has a devastating effect on the nerve and brain cells.

The main symptoms of infection are:

• raising the temperature to 40 degrees;
• nagging tremors throughout the body;
• aches in the bones;
• severe weakness;
• shortness of breath;
• a complete lack of appetite;
• photophobia;
• increased heart rate;
• retardation perception information;
• severe intoxication (manifested headache and vomiting);
• muscle paralysis or convulsions arbitrary.

The initial symptoms are easily confused with the start of the flu. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis can only be a doctor after the examination with the passing of tests.

After confirmation of the diagnosis of the victim urgent hospitalization is required with the following treatment:

• intramuscular injection gammaglobulin is introduced;
• purification of organism detoxification of toxins are assigned and diuretics (Smekta, Furosemide, enterosorbent);
• antivirals for pathogen destruction (Jodantipyrin, EntseVir, Viferon);
• glucose solution was administered intravenously to maintain forces in the body;
• to reduce the temperature of antipyretic drugs (ibuprofen, Nurofen, paracetamol);
• blood substitutes (or Hemodez Reopoligljukin);
• hormonal agents (prednisolone or dexamethasone);
• in the recovery period required to complete a course of physiotherapy and intake of vitamin complexes.

be sure to comply with bed rest, to improving health. In the absence of therapy can lead to death soon.

Lyme borreliosis

When the tick bite infected borreliosis, in the bite is formed by a red spot with a diameter of 10 cm. It gradually increases in size and becomes irregular. Next, on the edge of a bite into a red border, and the center becomes a pale shade of blue. Spot runs independently after 14 days.

Further symptoms after the incubation period (from 3 to 14 days):

• severe aches in the muscles;
• complete lack of power;
• severe headache;
• coryza with sore throat;
• nausea;
• disruption of the heart.

Symptoms may be present for 30 days. Further signs of decay, in this period, the infection affects the heart and joints.

Therefore, this form is often confused with an allergic reaction (at the initial stage, i.e. after the bite) and cold (the symptoms that appear after an incubation period). As a result, detection of infection followed by treatment occurs when complications have already begun to develop.

To eliminate the pathogen is applied following treatment:

• antibiotics (Tetracycline, Chloramphenicol or Piperacillin);
• The blood substitute (or polyglukin reopoligljukin);
• to eliminate allergic reactions are assigned antihistamines (Suprastin, Fenistil);
• with the defeat of the heart and joints are appointed by the relevant drugs (Monopril, Enap, Don).

victim treatment is performed in a hospital with an individual selection of medicines. With timely diagnosis of the disease healing occurs in a short period of time without developing complications.

ehrlichiosis

The incubation period after the bite is 7-14 days.

Further notes the following symptoms:

• temperature rise, accompanied by fever and chills;
• expressed by muscle and joint pain;
• lack of strength;
• Strong headache;
• lack of appetite, and nausea;
• diarrhea;
• skin rash;
• respiratory impairment;
• renal work;
• arbitrary seizures.

Symptomatology similar to colds and detected after passing inspection and analysis. When diagnosing Ehrlichiosis applicable antibiotic therapy (doxycycline or tetracycline) and antipyretics (paracetamol or ibuprofen). It can also be assigned immunoukreplyayuschie drugs (Immunal, Ribomunil).

Spotted tick fever

infection symptoms on day 5 in the form of:

• raising the temperature with chills;
• severe headache;
• muscle and joint pain;
• darkening of the epidermis in the abdomen, face and extremities;
• nausea with vomiting;
• possible impairment of consciousness;
• lymphadenopathy;
• rash of small seals (up to 1 cm in diameter) in the area of ​​the bite.

The treatment may be performed at home and consists of administration of the antibiotic tetracycline and antipyretic (recommended Ibuprofen).

acrodermatitis enteropathic

Upon infection, the victim enteropathic akrodermatitom observed:

• itching;
• small hemorrhages on the epidermis;
• change in stool characteristics (watery foaming and the presence of undigested food particles);
• weight loss;
• sleep disturbance;
• skin rashes with liquid contents;
• bloating;
• temperature rise;
• thinning of nail plate;
• loss of hair, including eyelashes and eyebrows.

Treatment can be performed in the home, which includes receiving antihistamines (Tavegil or Suprastin), medicines for filling deficiency of zinc (zinc oxide or zinc acetate) and vitamin complexes (Complivit, vitamin C). In addition, medications to restore the activity of the digestive tract, including the intestine can be assigned.

Forecast

Tick-borne infections, diagnosed in a timely manner, can have a favorable outcome, with no complications. If the treatment is performed with a delay, the possible violation of the heart, nervous system and digestive tract.

As a result, the application may require lifelong medication. In the absence of therapy, in the best cases, the pathology can result in paralysis or dementia, in the worst case death.

Tick ​​bite carries a risk to human health if the parasite is a carrier of infection. A distinctive feature of this type of arthropod bite is painless.

As a result of a tick bite or a place it can be found when the infection has spread in the body. It is therefore important to inspect the body after exposure to the habitat "parasites" and respond to the occurrence of the above symptoms.

Author: Svetlana Kotlyachkova

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

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