Nasopharyngitis in children. Symptoms and antibiotic therapy, an effective folk remedies, medications, drugs. What it is viral, allergic, bacterial, causes

Nasopharyngitis (nasopharyngitis) - inflammatory disease that affects the mucous membrane of the pharynx and nasal, accompanied by symptoms of nasal congestion, dry cough and sore throat, common malaise.

The disease is dangerous because it can develop into a chronic form at untimely or incorrect treatment. The infection risk group includes people of all ages, but most often it is small children.

Types and causes of the disease

Nasopharyngitis in children, symptoms and treatment is determined by the specific nature of the causative agent of the disease and its course, especially dangerous to infants: narrow nasal passages boost process nasal inflammation, and swelling of the mucous membranes resulting in difficulty breathing.

In medicine, the following types rhinopharyngitis:

classification feature	Type of	Features
Due to the occurrence of	Viral	Occurs when SARS and the common cold.
Bacterial	Accompanied by the appearance of pus.
Allergic	It can occur seasonally or year-round, depending on the allergen.
The shape of the flow	Acute	The most common form, is characterized by the rapid development of the disease on the background of a high temperature.
Chronic	Manifested in complications of acute forms of rhinitis, hormonal and endocrine malfunctions in the body, bronchial asthma, nasal septum damage as a result of abuse vasoconstrictive drugs.

The main factors contributing to the development of nasopharyngitis, are:

• decreased immunity;
• avitaminosis;
• hypothermia;
• contaminated air;
• dryness of the air in the room;
• smoking;
• harmful working conditions (chemicals, fumes, gases);
• chronic diseases of the respiratory system;
• constant stress.

  

Causes of nasopharyngitis may be different viruses, infections, bacteria and fungi, allergic reactions caused by mechanical, bacterial, chemical and thermal stimuli.

viral infection

virus infection causes intoxication, which is manifested in the form of fever, weakness, loss of appetite, nausea, nasal congestion, sore and pain when swallowing.

The most common causes are:

• rhinovirus;
• influenza strains;
• adenovirus;
• RS-infection;
• enterovirus;
• coronavirus.

allergic nasopharyngitis

Rhinopharyngitis allergic symptoms disappear upon termination of exposure to the allergen, and the treatment is directed to a child receiving antihistamines.

Seasonal allergic nasopharyngitis appears as a reaction to temporary stimuli:

• pollen;
• seasonal products (fruits, vegetables);
• insect bites.

Constant allergens contributing to the cyclical course of the disease are:

• dust;
• animal dander;
• Food;
• mold;
• medications;
• household chemicals.

bacterial defeat

It exhibits symptoms similar to viral type, accompanied by purulent white coating on the tonsils and the back of the throat. Often manifests itself after infection viral nasopharyngitis, at least - as a separate form.

The causative agents are bacteria:

• staphylococci;
• streptococci;
• chlamydia;
• meningococcus.

symptomatology of the disease

Nasopharyngitis in children, symptoms and treatment are defined and prescribed by a doctor only because to distinguish one form from another defeat is quite difficult because of the similarity of the signs of leakage disease.

The acute form rhinopharyngitis

In acute pharyngitis incubation period lasts up to 3 days. The disease runs hard and is more pronounced, the child becomes lethargic and irritable. Acute nasopharyngitis accompanied organism intoxication, fever and fever.

First, there is discomfort in the nose and throat, followed by other symptoms appear:

• nasal and nasal discharge (sometimes purulent secretions), leading to loss of sleep and appetite;
• raising the temperature to 38-39 C;
• sneezing and itching of the nasal cavity;
• vomiting and frequent regurgitation in infants, diarrhea;
• dry cough in the first 2-3 days, turning into the wet;
• increase jaw and cervical lymph nodes;
• headache, joint pain;
• pain in the nose and throat, extending to the ears and the jaw.

chronic nasopharyngitis

Chronic nasopharyngitis - a neglected form of nasopharyngitis of illiteracy or lack of treatment. It characterized by a prolonged period of flow. Infection is the mucous membranes of the nose or throat, continually, and alternate with periods of remission exacerbations.

The disease manifests symptoms:

• enlarged tonsils and sore throat;
• hoarseness;
• the appearance and accumulation of mucus in the nose and throat, in some cases with pus;
• cough (usually in the morning) with expectoration, until the gag reflex;
• swollen lymph nodes of the cervical spine.

diagnosis of the disease

To avoid serious consequences and complications rhinopharyngitis diagnosis should be conducted in a clinical setting.

Examination of a sick child should take place in several stages, including necessary laboratory diagnosis:

1. Initial inspection carried otolaryngologist and the pediatrician. On the basis of the child's complaints, observations, parents and external examination, the patient is given the direction of the delivery of the analysis. If there is suspicion of an allergic nasopharyngitis, you must show the child allergist.
2. Delivery of necessary analyzes: complete blood count, urinalysis, nasopharyngeal swab to determine the type of pathogen. In chronic forms additionally performed radiography and computed tomography of the nasal cavity and throat. In allergic type diseases must pass tests to identify the stimulus.
3. Based on the results of the surveys and the overall clinical picture, the doctor makes a diagnosis and appoint necessary treatment. If the diagnosis is in doubt, additional laboratory tests can be assigned.

The general scheme of the treatment of the disease

Nasopharyngitis in children, symptoms and treatment which the parents are trying to establish yourself at home, fraught with complications, until the transition of the disease into a chronic form. Among the most dangerous consequences - bronchitis, pneumonia.

Generally, treatment is conducted on an outpatient basis nasopharyngitis, according to the general scheme:

1. At the first signs of malaise: sparing diet, physical therapy procedures (washing saline), drinking plenty of fluids, thermal procedures (grinding, warm baths), an immediate appeal to the doctor.
2. Examination of the patient's physician, the identification of the causative agent and the appointment of appropriate treatment.
3. Receiving prescribed drugs in combination with frequent washings nasal, inhalation and gargling. If necessary and relevant symptoms occur, treatment complement antipyretics, antihistamines.

Antibiotics for nasopharyngitis

Antibiotics are prescribed only when the bacterial form of nasopharyngitis. In all other cases, they take anti-inflammatory, anti-viral drugs.

Antibiotics are available for children in the form of tablets, powders, sprays and nose drops. Depending on the type of bacteria and the complexity of the disease your doctor prescribes antibiotics, topical administration.

Drugs that are localized, to a specific lesion site:

• sprays (Geksoral, Maxi Lor Ingalipt, Lugol, Kameton, Stopangin);
• lozenges (Grammidin, Lizobakt, Faringosept);
• Polydex;
• Izofra.

systemic drugs - affect the whole body and are appointed in the presence of complications:

• amoxicillin;
• azithromycin;
• Flemoksin Soljutab;
• Amoxiclav.

The main active ingredient of systemic antibiotics - amoxicillin. In the presence of allergies in children on the medical component, the doctor prescribes a drug-free pinitsillina - Azithromycin.

antiviral agents

When diagnosing a child viral rhinopharyngitis should begin immediately receiving antiviral drugs. The faster the prescribed treatment (during the first 3 days), the more efficient and transient will result from taking drugs.

Antiviral drugs are recommended for children:

• Anaferon;
• interferon;
• Arbidol;
• Kagocel;
• Grippferon;
• viferon;
• Orvirem;
• Citovir-3;
• rimantadine;
• Tamiflu;
• famciclovir;
• Acyclovir.

Clinical studies have shown that proven effectiveness in the treatment of viral nasopharyngitis and influenza drugs have antiherpetic group.

Interferons virus will affect only the first 72 hours from the disease in the future feasibility of their use is not proven.

Antiviral effect have some sprays, lozenges and tablets: Lizobakt, Strepsils, Ingalipt.

Nasal drops

To facilitate removal of the respiratory mucosa and the nasal passages edema children prescribed washing solutions of the nose and vasoconstrictor drugs.

We recommend frequent washing (3-4 times a day) salt solutions:

• Saline;
• Akvalor;
• Marimer;
• akvamaris;
• Dolphin.

Sea salt contained in preparations promotes leaching infection with the nasal mucous membranes. After instillation of drops required to clean the nose of mucus. Infants nasal passages free using special vacuum cleaners or pears with a soft tip.

Vasoconstrictor drops are used to reduce swelling of the nasal mucosa and facilitate breathing. Such drugs are prescribed with caution and use no more than 4 days as addictive, strengthening the common cold, until the occurrence of chronic rhinitis and rhinopharyngitis. Vasoconstrictor drops can be used in infants from the first days of life.

Children of different ages appoint:

• Nazol Baby;
• Vibrocil;
• tizin;
• Nazivin;
• Otrivin;
• Dlyanos.

Use of unacceptably drops during the postoperative period and trauma of the nose.

inhalation

Inhalation - one of the most effective physical therapy that will help get rid of the rhinopharyngitis.

If a child, owing to age, is not capable to gargle, apply inhalation salt, mineral water, medicinal preparations.

Inhalation administered to children not more than 2 times per day, wherein the doctor may prescribe the following solutions:

• Lasolvan;
• eufilin;
• Flomax;
• gentamicin;
• furatsilin;
• Saline;
• Borjomi;
• Essentuki.

In the presence of the house a special inhaler (nebulizer), inhalation held ready pharmacy solutions that must be diluted with saline in the 1: 1 or a physiological solution in pure form, mineral water without gas.

Solutions containing coarse particles (with Furacilinum) or essential oils in the home nebulizer not used because they may damage the inhaler. Gentamicin solution was administered only in the presence of bacterial infection.

Inhalation of essential oils is performed in older children, since they can cause allergic reactions and aggravate the condition of the small child. Apply eucalyptus oil, tea tree, thyme.

antihistamines

Antihistamines are assigned in allergic nasopharyngitis and address the symptoms lacrimation, coryza abundant, reduce swelling of the mucous.

For children allowed to use:

• fenistil;
• suprastin;
• loratadine;
• tavegil;
• diazolin;
• Tsetrin;
• Zodak.

Antihistamines are aimed at reducing allergic reactions and are effective in eliminating immediate source or allergen-reducing contact.

symptomatic treatment

Symptomatic treatment is aimed at eliminating rhinopharyngitis additional symptoms during the course of the disease:

• Swelling of the nasal mucosa eliminate the vasoconstrictor drops.
• redness of the throat removed antiseptic sprays and solutions, decoction of herbs.
• With increasing temperature, the child antipyretic drugs are prescribed.
• When attached to the bacterial infection further prescribe antibiotics.
• To eliminate allergic reactions used antihistamines.
• Cough Treatment accompanying supplement mucolytic and antitussive drugs.
• In lesions bronchi, trachea appointed inhalation drugs and heating.

Traditional methods of treatment in children rhinopharyngitis

Nasopharyngitis in children (treatment of symptoms and diagnoses and medication prescribed by a doctor) permits the use of the popular methods that contribute to the speedy recovery of the child.

Treatment traditional methods based on the use of well-known recipes:

• For nasal instillation used Kalanchoe juice and beet, reduces inflammation. For older children allowed the use of drops of a mixture of lemon juice, honey and onions. As means for washing the nasal passages using dilute juice marigold (1 tablespoon per 0.5 liter of water), sage broth (1 teaspoon per 250 ml water).
• Gargling with decoction of chamomile, calendula, mother and stepmother, baking soda and salt. Inside are healing herbal teas. Widespread elixirs of garlic. The procedures are designed to eliminate inflammation and relief of disease symptoms.
• Inhalation of herbs, soda or potato broth (not used in young children because of the risk of burns mucosal) treatment performed at the throat to relieve sore symptoms and reduce swelling of the mucous shells.
• Heat treatments to relieve nasal congestion by coughing - warming bags with salt, potatoes. Valid at normal body temperature and no contraindications.
• Wiping water will help to remove the heat. The use of vinegar or vodka unacceptable for small children, because vinegar properly prepared solution can cause a burn, and vodka alcohol or partially absorbed by the skin, entering the bloodstream, and may cause an alcoholic intoxication body.

Apply the traditional methods with the necessary doctor's permission. The use of some tools for younger children is undesirable, because of allergenic components.

herbal teas

Herbal teas are prepared as a single component and of the collection of medicinal herbs. They possess anti-inflammatory properties, improve sputum discharge, contribute to strengthening of weakened immunity. The combination of herbal tea, together with regular gargling and effective in chronic nasopharyngitis.

Herbal tea for children preparing typically in a ratio of 1 tbsp. l. raw material to 1 cup water. Older children are recommended for 1 cup of broth per day, sharing the reception 3-4 servings throughout the day for preschool children daily dose is 200-500 ml of fluid.

One-component teas made from:

• chamomile and linden;
• tea rose petals;
• hips;
• mint leaves;
• dried raspberries;
• ginger root;
• leaves, cranberries, St. John's wort, a mother-and-stepmother, birch.

There are many recipes for herbal, the most common of which are:

1. Rosehip, barberry and mountain ash (ratio 1: 1: 1.2) to grind if necessary. 1 tbsp. l. Pour mixture of a glass of water and boiled for 2-3 minutes. Strain the tea and add purified water to a full glass. Ready broth to give the baby warm as 3-4 times per day.
2. 1 tbsp. l. mixtures of inflorescences lime, thyme and mint (in proportions of 1: 1/2: 1/2) to fill a glass of water and boiled for 5 min. Strain, bring the volume of the finished mixture to 1 cup boiling water. Take the form of heat.
3. Mix equal proportions of flowers of linden, chamomile, elderberry, raspberry, dried violet and grass. 1 tbsp. l. mixture pour boiling water and let stand until cool.

To improve the palatability of the beverage in the add honey or raspberry jam.

Kalanchoe juice

Kalanchoe is used in nasopharyngitis as an irritant which causes the patient sneezing and nasal passages from frees accumulated mucus. Treatment of children made juice or a decoction of the leaves of Kalanchoe plants. Broth is recommended for children of the first year of life.

Before applying drops of the juice of Kalanchoe need to find out whether the child is not allergic to this plant. To do this, you need to lubricate the space above the upper lip near the nose a small amount of juice. If within 1-2 hours skin turns red, the child is not allergic to the sap. Treatment should be initiated with a small dosage of 1 drop in each nostril.

1. Children under 2 years old Kalanchoe recommended to dilute juice of boiled water in a ratio of 1: 3 and 1-2 drops instilled solution 3 times a day.
2. Older children can dig in undiluted juice 3 times a day.
3. Kalanchoe juice for instillation into the nose can be used in combination with onion juice, aloe.
4. From the juice of Kalanchoe preparing extracts for oral administration, that will help get rid of the cough. Infusions can be used with the 3-year-olds.
5. One popular recipe: 3 parts of Kalanchoe juice, 1 part of honey and 1 part aloe juice. The mixture is heated to a liquid and ingested for ½ h. l. no more than 2 times per day.

Misuse Kalanchoe juice can lead to complications, up to mucosal burns and allergic bronchospasm. Therefore, for the treatment of children plant is used with caution and always fresh.

Honey, onion and lemon

Often, nasopharyngitis in children leads to bronchitis, accompanied by a wet cough. Effective in combating the effects of acts rhinopharyngitis honey, onion and lemon.

Lemon peel and 3-4 medium sized onion should be crushed in a blender or mince. To the resulting gruel to add Article 7. l. honey. Take 1 h. l. before eating.

To prepare the mixture babies, onions must first drop into hot water and left to stand for 10 min, then crushed and squeezed juice. For the preparation of a medicament used only onion juice.

The recipe used for children older than 2 years, since honey can provoke allergies, and onion - cause gastrointestinal disorders. We do not recommend the use of a mixture of more than 3-5 days.

To reduce the tickle and pain in the throat, a paste of onion, lemon and honey mixed in equal parts and drink 3-4 times a day.

potato broth

Inhalation potato broth - effective and long-proven method of treatment rhinopharyngitis. Broth is harmless and hypoallergenic, so is suitable for almost everyone. However, children under 3 years of steam inhalation contraindicated, since you can easily get burned airway.

Potato broth can be prepared from both the well-washed raw potatoes or from potato peelings, since it is they contain the greatest amount of nutrients.

To prepare the broth in a wide saucepan put a few carefully washed potatoes with no signs of decay, fill with water and boil for half an hour. Since water is not ready broth decanted.

Pan put on a firm, level surface to prevent tipping. The hot dishes are wrapped with a towel to avoid injury. Another towel or blanket to cover the cost of the patient's head, leaning over broth.

For proper inhalation and in order to avoid burns, you must follow a few simple rules:

1. Potato tubers for the broth should be only mature, without the green.
2. Inhalation spend over a saucepan half-open, do not remove the cover completely.
3. To avoid burning the mucous membranes in children steam temperature should not exceed 50 ° C.
4. The maximum inhalation time for a child - 5 min.
5. Do not eat for 1.5 hours before the procedure, and for 2 hours - after.
6. Prohibited walking on the street and ventilation of the room, as well as very active games for 4 hours after inhalation.

Pairs of potato decoction relieves inflammation of the nose and throat, facilitates expectoration, therefore, should not only breathe the mouth, but the nose.

To enhance the effect in the finished potato broth, you can add salt and baking soda, mint leaves and sage.

Holding procedure unacceptably with pneumonia and purulent processes in the nasopharynx.

After inhalation, in the absence of contraindications, and the potato mash can be used for additional warming procedures erecting from potato mass and gauze compress chest.

Despite the apparent lack of seriousness rhinopharyngitis symptoms, the child treated as a medicine and folk remedies, is carried out under strict medical supervision.

In most cases, the wrong treatment or untimely use of drugs and folk remedies, their self-appointed, lead to acute and chronic form of the disease, causing complications such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Children's immune system is most sensitive to the virus, and the child's body carries the disease harder, so when self nasopharyngitis unacceptable.

Author: Anna Lalochkina

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

Video of nasopharyngitis in children

What is nasopharyngitis in the program "Children's Doctor":