Childhood Diseases

Bronchitis in children. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies, drugs, antibiotics, massage. Symptoms of obstructive, acute, chronic. doctors' recommendations

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Bronchitis is most often occurs in children of preschool age, it is much less common in adults. To see a doctor conducted examination of the throat and specified symptoms on the basis of which is prescribed comprehensive treatment that includes not only medications, but other therapeutic methods.

The content of the article:

  • 1 Types and forms of bronchitis
  • 2 Signs and symptoms
  • 3 possible complications
  • 4 Treatment of acute bronchitis
  • 5 Treatment of obstructive bronchitis
  • 6 Treatment of chronic bronchitis
  • 7 Treatment of viral bronchitis
  • 8 inhalation
  • 9 Physiotherapy
  • 10 Breathing exercises
  • 11 Physiotherapy
  • 12 Massage
  • 13 Treatment of folk remedies: infusions and decoctions
  • 14 friction
  • 15 Video of bronchitis in children, its symptoms and treatments

Types and forms of bronchitis

Otolaryngologists and pediatricians are classified throat disease on its course and duration:

  • acute;
  • chronic.

Acute bronchitis is characterized by the appearance of inflammatory lesions in the respiratory organs: lungs, bronchi and other departments. Foci caused by viral, bacterial or parasitic infections, which obstruct the bronchi.

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The most common cause of acute forms of the disease are respiratory viruses:

  • influenza;
  • parainfluenza;
  • adenoviruses;
  • coronaviruses;
  • syncytial viruses.

Other factors that lead to the appearance of disease in children include:

  • weak immunity;
  • inadequate treatment of cough and runny nose;
  • lack of oxygen;
  • presence of allergic rhinitis;
  • genetic predisposition;
  • poor environmental conditions;
  • communication with people who are sick.

Bronchitis in children, symptoms and treatment is determined by a qualified physician, it is explained by instability constantly developing immunity.

Bronchitis in children. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies, medications, massage. doctors' recommendations

When infection of the respiratory organs observed breeding organisms that are considered opportunistic. By reducing the ability of protective immunity decreases cells recognize and eliminate bacteria. Increasing amounts of provoking the development of edema bronchial tube, which is exacerbated by the presence of excess mucus.

First infects the upper respiratory tract: nose, pharynx, epiglottis. The infection then spreads down the trachea, bronchi and lungs. Therefore treatment of acute forms of disease should be timely, otherwise it may cause inflammation of the lungs - pneumonia. In this case, the therapy requires steady-state conditions.

The chronic form is characterized by a long course of the disease with periods of remission and relapse.

In children, it develops in the background:

  • constant runny nose;
  • air pollution;
  • allergies;
  • passive smoking;
  • not dolechennogo acute bronchitis;
  • Other diseases of the throat and trachea.

With the constant influence of these factors are observed:

  • change the structure of the mucosa;
  • violation of the self-cleaning function;
  • excess phlegm;
  • deterioration immunity;

In advanced stages of the disease is irreversible expansion of the bronchial tubes, in one or more regions. This deformation affects lung ventilation.

Severity shared 3 types of disease:

  • easy;
  • average;
  • heavy.
Bronchitis in children. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies, medications, massage. doctors' recommendations

By the nature of the disease noted another 2 forms of bronchitis:

  • Obstructive (expressed in the presence of spasms in the trachea, which prevent the emergence of slime outward).
  • Viral.

These pathologies can lead to disturbances of circulation of the whole organism and brain. Persistent cough and swelling of the mucous promote occurrence of cerebral hypoxia due to impaired venous pressure.

Signs and symptoms

Symptoms of the disease depends on its type.

View bronchitis symptoms Features
Acute
  • Low barking cough.
  • Temperature rise.
  • Weakness in the body.
  • Runny nose: mucus in the nose and nasopharynx.
  • Rattling during respiration and lung
  • At the beginning of the disease begins a dry cough, especially at night.
  • A few days after the start of treatment, cough becomes less painful: it becomes wet due to sputum
Chronic
  • Runny nose.
  • Prolonged cough.
  • Fatigue.
  • Dyspnea
  • The state of health of the patient relative to normal, symptoms occur in wet weather, after smoking, and the morning after waking.
  • During the summer, subject to preventive measures into remission.
  • Over time, the cough progresses: acquiring unproductive character with purulent sputum
obstructive
  • Bronchospasm (in severe cases, the coughing becomes difficult to breathe and there is suffocation).
  • The cough is worse at night.
  • Labored breathing accompanied by wheezing and whistling
  • Obstruction attacks are often preceded by sneezing.
  • Obstructive bronchitis is most often occurs on the background of allergies

possible complications

Bronchitis in children, symptoms and treatments which require careful monitoring, in most cases successfully docked.

Improper treatment or neglect the first signs provokes the development of complications such as:

  • pneumonia - inflammation of the lungs that is characterized by soreness in the chest, especially when coughing;
  • asthmatic bronchitis (A disease that occurs due to allergies and the associated infection);
  • asthma (Non-infectious chronic cough, characterized by a shortage of air during attacks);
  • emphysema - violation of breathing and gas exchange process of the lungs, resulting in an increase of volume of the chest, and staining of the skin bluish in color;
  • pulmonary hypertension (Occurs when pulmonary vascular constriction and is accompanied by severe dyspnea);
  • bronchiectasis (Suppurative process deformed in the lungs);
  • disorders of the heart and blood vessels.
Bronchitis in children. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies, medications, massage. doctors' recommendations

Delayed treatment and failure to comply with the doctor's recommendations regarding hygiene can also lead to the attachment of an intestinal infection, which will aggravate the symptoms of the patient.

Treatment of acute bronchitis

An integrated approach to eliminate manifestations of the disease includes:

  • Drug treatment;
  • drinking regime;
  • hypoallergenic diet;
  • clean the environment (no dust, dirt, fresh linen, humidity);
  • physiotherapy if necessary;
  • physical exercise;
  • massage;
  • folk remedies for relieving symptoms;
  • inhalation.

Respiratory diseases and dry cough prescribe mucolytics and expectorants. They are intended to promote the expectoration of slimy ways: special substances contained in them, affect the contractile function of the bronchi, thereby contributing to lowering of mucus viscosity and increase its amount.

Due to this, the cough becomes productive and non-irritating to the throat wall. The pharmacology mucolytics, expectorants and antitussive properties can be combined in a single preparation.

Codelac Broncho (Elixir):

  • Active and Excipients directed to: suppress the cough center and improving the evacuation of secretions from the lungs.
  • Codelac based codeine not recommended for use in bronchial asthma and respiratory failure, since excess doses, it can depress breathing and peristalsis.
  • Taking the drug orally 3 times a day: children from 2 to 6 years old in a dose of 2.5 ml, schoolchildren to 12 years at 5 ml at a time. Dosage for adolescents and adults is 10 ml in one portion.
Bronchitis in children. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies, medications, massage. doctors' recommendations

Gerbion with plantain extract (syrup):

  • In addition to basic properties emollient effect and reduces inflammation foci.
  • Age dosage: children 7 years - 5 ml, 7-14 - 5-10 ml, 14 ml of 10 years.
  • Take 3 times a day. In adults, the number of shots a day may be up to 5 times.

Bronhikum (Elixir):

  • Anti-inflammatory and spasmolytic properties complement the basic action of the drug.
  • The adult dosage is less than 1 hour. l. every 2-3 hours, children rate is 0.5 h. l. 2-3 times a day.

Should not be given similar facilities for children up to 2 years, as they are unable to effectively cough up phlegm. The surplus in this case will only worsen the condition of the patient. Child under school age receiving mucolytic drugs are prescribed only under medical supervision.

In the presence of bacterial infection and prolonged increase in body temperature (from 4 days or more) prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Popular drugs of this group are:

  • Sumamed. Dosage is calculated according to body weight: about 10 mg per 1 kg 1 time a day.
  • Azitroks. Receiving capsule also depends on the patient's weight: the weight of 25-45 kg the dose is 250 mg per day. Adults and children from 45 kg required 500 mg per day for an effective treatment.
  • Flemoksin Soljutab. The daily dose for children of all ages comprises 30-60 mg per 1 kg body weight, divided into 2 doses. The adult dosage should not exceed 750 mg 2 times a day.

Antibiotics for mild to moderate disease severity apply no more than 7 days. Most often at the same time they prescribe drugs, improving the intestinal microflora (Normobakt, Linex) in order to prevent intestinal disorders.

Antihistamines are used in the treatment of allergic diseases. They reduce swelling of the mucous nasopharynx and throat, interfering with normal breathing.

The most common drugs:

  • Zodak. Age Dosage: 6-12 months - 5 kap. 1 times a day, 1-6 years - 5 kap. 2 times a day, 6-12 years - 10 Cap. 2 times a day, from 12 years - 20 drops. 1 per day.
  • Fenistil. daily dose is 60-120 Cap for adults and adolescents. In children a single dose of the drug depends on age: up to 1 year - from 3 to 10 cap, 1-3 years - 10-15 cap, 3-12 years - 15-20 cap...

Use in children 6 to 12 months is possible only under strict medical supervision.

General therapy of acute bronchitis in children of preschool age is based on the following points:

  • abundant drinking regime;
  • washing with sea water nose (Kviks, Akvalor, akvamaris);
  • antibiotics in the presence of high temperature more than 3-4 days;
  • inhalation (Ambroxol, Mucosolvan);
  • grinding (but not alcohol-based preparations);
  • mucolytics, if necessary diluting sputum (Sinekod).
  • drainage massage.

Drink warm liquid is recommended after each cough attack. Water softens the irritated walls of the throat and promotes better sputum discharge. Against this background, the cough quickly turns into a productive form.

Bronchitis in children. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies, medications, massage. doctors' recommendations

Irrigate the nose is necessary to remove mucus, which drains into the nasal passages, causing irritation. Carry out this procedure should be reclining: drip dripping or splashing spray in both nostrils and tilt the head back slightly, so that the liquid has reached all the goals scored portion of the nozzle.

Recommended first good blow your nose, and then proceed to irrigate. For infants who can not blow his nose on their own, you can get a special aspirator (Otrivin Baby and others), which effectively removes excess mucus from the nose. However, you should not get involved in them, enough 2-3 procedures per day.

When a serious condition in which your child has signs of dehydration (crying without tears, dry eyes, severe lethargy, long sleep), requiring hospitalization.

Treatment of obstructive bronchitis

Bronchitis in children, symptoms and treatment is associated with bronchial spasms, it is an indicator of the child's respiratory system hypersensitivity. As the spasms occur in the background bronchus obstruction, the main treatment is to improve the patency of all parts of the upper and lower respiratory system.

In most cases, the obstruction occurs against a background of allergy or SARS, so the use of antibiotics is inappropriate.

In order to facilitate the child's condition, prescribe inhaled bronchodilators with drugs:

  • Salbutamol.
  • Fenoterol.
  • Izadrin.

Hormonal allergy medications used in the treatment of obstructive bronchitis, able to expand sections of the respiratory system and relieves spasms of the bronchi:

  • Pulmicort.
  • Maple.
  • Benacort.

Hormonal steroids are available in pills:

  • Metipred.
  • Prednisolone.
Bronchitis in children. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies, medications, massage. doctors' recommendations

These drugs should be used with extreme care, they cause the body to get used to the active substance in the composition. Take them 1 time a day, the dose depends on the age of the child and the doctor's recommendations. The course of treatment is at least 5 days. Do not abruptly stop taking the drug - side effects may occur.

After the relief of spasm standard treatment is carried out using bronchitis antihistamine, mucolytic, antipyretic drugs. Also carry nasal cleansing using a saline or salt water. For influenza and other viral infections administered antiviral agents.

Treatment of chronic bronchitis

The chronic form of the disease requires long-term treatment, which does not stop even during remission. During exacerbation and appearance of purulent sputum used antibacterials, expectorants and mucus-thinning agents. Allergies prescribe antihistamines.

An important role is played by immunomodulatory drugs (Bronhomunal, Polioksidoniy) and vitamin complexes. They help immunity to cope with the symptoms of the disease and maintain an optimal level of protection of the organism. In severe cases, bronchoscopy is carried out with the aim to clear mucus from the bronchial tubes with special solutions.

Bronchitis in children, symptoms and treatment is different chronic course, requires constant walking in the fresh air, if possible, the spa vacation at sea.

Bronchitis in children. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies, medications, massage. doctors' recommendations

The chronic form of the disease can be cured by observing the basic rules for the care of the child (according to the weather clothes, the right diet with the use of fruits and vegetables, immediate response to the first symptoms, tempering and other ways to maintain immunity).

Treatment of viral bronchitis

Viral bronchitis occurs mainly for two reasons:

  • Infection.
  • No treatment other nasal disorders.

In the treatment of used mainly antiviral agents.

The presence of viruses in the respiratory tract is detected by laboratory blood tests. In viral infection white blood cell count is normal, if there is a significant deviation from this norm, the doctors are inclined to suspect the bacterial nature of the disease. Then become the mainstay of treatment with antibiotics.

Viral drugs to children are assigned in the form of candles:

  • Viferon 150,000 IU.
  • Genferon Light.
  • Kipferon 50,000 IU.

Candles in children under 7 years use 1 suppository 2 times a day. Children under 1 year determines the dosage a doctor.

Bronchitis in children. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies, medications, massage. doctors' recommendations

Further carried out as in the symptomatic treatment of acute bronchitis:

  • improvement of sputum and its a discharge;
  • reorganization of the nose;
  • antipyretics (Nurofen, Paracetamol), if necessary;
  • antihistamines (on the situation).

In children, this disease is quite severe way to alleviate the condition it is also recommended to carry out non-drug treatment.

inhalation

The advantage of inhalation is a profound impact on all organs of respiration:

  • relieve swelling of the bronchi;
  • reduce inflammation foci;
  • accelerates the elimination of accumulated mucus;
  • moisturize the mucous membrane of the throat.

Thanks to this treatment better breathing nose and cough quickly becomes productive. When bronchial spasm and strong dry cough doctors recommend to perform the procedure and using the nebulizer preparations.

Lasolvan or Ambroksol:

  • Expectorants, which should be applied no more than 2 times a day.
  • To improve the wetting properties of the inhalable solution formulation is mixed with saline (sodium chloride) in a ratio of 1: 1.
  • Children under 6 years must be a maximum of 2 ml of 2 inhalations per day, and pupils and adults: 2-3 ml 1-2 inhalations per day.
Bronchitis in children. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies, medications, massage. doctors' recommendations

Pulmicort:

  • Hormonal anti-inflammatory and antiallergic agent as a solution.
  • Often used to treat asthma of allergic nature.
  • Appoint a doctor for children from 6 months.
  • When bacterial infection should use the drug with extreme caution. Dosage depends on age: children from 6 months. and older - 0.25-0.5 mg per day, adults 1-2 mg per day.

Flomax:

  • Dilates the bronchi and prevents the development of obstruction.
  • inhalation solution should be diluted with sodium chloride in a proportion of 1: 1.
  • The dosage is determined individually: in children under 6 years dose of 1-2 drops per 1 kg of body weight, to schoolchildren and adults administered from 1 ml to 4 ml at most.

Saline (sodium chloride 0.9%):

  • Inhalation of this tool has no side effects and effectively moisturizes the mucosa.

Treatment of bronchitis in children under 3 years is carried out by means of inhalation, which is carried out depending on the intensity of the disease symptoms, and forms, on average, 1-2 times a day for 5-10 min. The course of treatment is about 7 days. The procedure should not be performed in the presence of temperature and moist cough.

Physiotherapy

Physical therapy includes:

  • Ultrahigh inductothermy. Secreted by special instrument electromagnetic waves help to reduce inflammation and lesions have restorative effect on damaged tissue. Depending on the shape bronchitis children spend from 6 to 12 UHF procedures about 5-10 min duration.
  • Electrophoresis. Improves the patency of the bronchi. Bronchitis administered 7-9 sessions of 15 minutes. everyone. To carry out such procedures are allowed to children from 4 months.
  • Magnetic therapy. It has a complex effect: removes inflammation and mucosal edema, increased tidal volume lung, accelerates the removal of phlegm and stimulates the immune system. The course of treatment does not exceed 10 days.
  • UFO. For the treatment of acute forms of bronchitis appoint not more than 5 ultraviolet therapy procedures. In the chronic stage is carried out at least 10 sessions.

Similar procedures can not be performed at a high body temperature and fever.

Breathing exercises

One of the most popular exercises in diseases of the throat is breathing exercises, which improves the patency of the bronchi and lungs. It is carried out with 4 days of illness, after the relief of acute symptoms.

Bronchitis in children. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies, medications, massage. doctors' recommendations

Gymnastics performed such outdoors (if possible) as follows:

  1. Get up on the floor, his hands relax.
  2. Make a sharp and quick breaths through the nose.
  3. Exhale slowly and gently through the mouth.
  4. Take a break for 2-3 seconds. and repeat.
  5. Perform every day for a few times as possible.

When the recommended compress fists during inhalation and exhalation decompress. Children can teach the exercises in a playful way. Such a process of respiration can be used during physical therapy.

Physiotherapy

Physical exercise and charging stimulates recovery of the child, a positive effect on overall health.

Basic exercises include:

  • the head turns to the side, back and forth;
  • swings his arms up and down;
  • slopes to the floor;
  • leg raises to the side;
  • lifting his knees to his chest;
  • circular movement of the hips, knees and heels alternately.

Charging can be diluted with other exercises for the arms and back. When you return to the original position to do a short breath, exhale when the recommended slopes, inclines limbs. Children under 1 year can be carried out physiotherapy exercises using a fitball.

Massage

A popular treatment for bronchitis in infants is a vibrating massage.

To perform the recommended:

  1. Put baby on his stomach on your lap or bed so that the hands and feet fell down.
  2. Turn your head slightly to the side.
  3. Gently tap the area of ​​the bronchi hand or finger bones. In this case, you can not hurt the spine.
  4. Perform tapping for 2-5 min. depending on age.
  5. Repeat the procedure 3-4 times a day.
Bronchitis in children. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies, medications, massage. doctors' recommendations
Massage is used to treat bronchitis and withdrawal symptoms in children.

This massage allows the child to a productive cough and accelerate the excretion of mucus.

Treatment of folk remedies: infusions and decoctions

Mother-and-stepmother - a medicinal plant, an infusion of which has a positive effect on the removal of phlegm and coughing.

It is prepared as follows:

  1. 4 hours. l. flowers and leaves to pour into a glass.
  2. Pour 200 ml of boiling water feedstock.
  3. Infuse means 20-30 minutes. and strain.

Use means 1 time in the morning and evening for 2-3 hours before bedtime, dividing the whole portion in half.

Aloe juice is also effective to cope with the symptoms of the disease in the combined treatment:

  1. 1 tbsp. l. juice mix in a deep plate with 100 g of honey.
  2. Then added to the dishes 100 grams of butter.
  3. Mix thoroughly and receiving means 1 st. l. 2 times a day with a glass of hot milk.

For moistening throat and relieving inflammation use chamomile teas finished packages pharmacy.

They are prepared in a standard way:

  1. 1 sachet pour 200-250 ml of boiling water.
  2. Infuse the composition for 5-7 minutes.
  3. Cool drink to a comfortable temperature, and use it 2-3 times a day.

Chamomile tea can be used as a solution for rinsing. These recipes should not be used without the knowledge of the physician, especially for children up to 2 years.

friction

Bronchitis rubbing conduct is not recommended for the following reasons:

  • Warming ointments may cause swelling of the skin, which worsens the condition of the patient.
  • High probability of occurrence of an allergic reaction.
  • There is a risk of bronchospasm.
Bronchitis in children. Symptoms and treatment of folk remedies, medications, massage. doctors' recommendations

Strongly recommended to rub the child's alcohol-based substances. bronchitis therapy in children should be carried out under the strict supervision of a physician, as an incorrect treatment of symptoms may have various complications: obstruction, allergic skin reactions, pneumonia and other diseases of the breathing.

Video of bronchitis in children, its symptoms and treatments

How to treat bronchitis in children:

Dr. Komarovsky of obstructive bronchitis in children:

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