What is an allergy in infants in the face, the body in the mixture, breast milk, food. Picture, Symptoms and Treatment

Allergy in infants - a phenomenon common ailment and often remain for life. Diagnose the disease is not so difficult if you know what it looks like and what the symptoms manifested. Pathological processes in children occur in severe form, which is associated with weakened immune systems.

For parents, it is important to start treatment in time to prevent the development of complications. Currently, there are various medications to relieve seizures. These products significantly improve the quality of life of children with allergies.

What is an allergy in infants

Allergy is a protective response in response to the stimulus sided. In the role of influencing factor may be: food, cosmetic preparations for the care of the baby, animal dander, dust, household chemicals and flowering season. The disease is often transmitted from parent to child. However, allergies in the newborn can be a completely different stimulus.

It looks allergy in infants differently depending on the cause and manifested in such places: face, back, neck, arms, scalp. The speed of appearance and the appearance of allergy also has a lot of differences. Some lesions look like small dots, while others are large scaly patches.

Allergies in infants

Experts identify three types of allergy in infants: the food, drug and respiratory.

1. Food. It is the most common cause of allergic reactions in the first years of life. It arises because you are hypersensitive to any food or beverage. Food form of allergy in a child is born even while in the womb. That is why expectant mothers need to follow the diet and to limit the use of allergenic foods. These include: citrus fruits, milk, fish, sweets, cocoa.
2. The dosage. This manifests itself in the form of reactions to certain medications. The cause of drug allergies lies in the disorders of the immune system of the child.
3. Respiratory. In this case, an allergy develops against the background of increased sensitivity to light stimuli. For example: dust, flowering plants, reactions to household chemicals and fragrances.

According to the character of the form may be:

1. Acute. In this case, the allergy is shown after contact with an irritant. To remove the attack must be properly matched drugs.
2. Chronic. For this form is characterized by long-term symptoms (3-4 weeks) with the possibility of re-recurrence after contact with the allergen.

Stage and grade of allergy in infants

Looks allergy in infants in different ways, the main factor is the cause of disease, its stage and severity.

Specialists are three stages of development of allergy in infants:

1. Allergen enters the body, whereby the body provides an immune response. Cells actively produce specific antibodies to destroy harmful agents.
2. Employment of the immune system leads to the production of antibodies which are responsible for the cleansing of the body from dangerous substances. Hormones histamine and serotonin are mediators of allergic reactions. They cause nasal discharge, lacrimation, redness of the skin and rash. That is why it is important to use drugs to suppress the activity of harmful hormones.
3. If the reaction is not stopped in time, it stands out too much hormone, which leads to the development of complications. In some cases, there are edema and anaphylactic shock.

Symptoms of allergies in infants

Symptoms of food allergies:

• skin rash;
• desquamation on the cheeks and neck;
• allergic rhinitis;
• eczema;
• dermatitis;
• bloating, cramps;
• in some cases, possible changes in the blood.

In order to reduce the risk of food allergies, mother should eat right. While breastfeeding is important to avoid allergenic foods. However, with the beginning of feeding to avoid atopic dermatitis complicated, since it is impossible to predict the child's body responds to the injected product.

Atopic dermatitis (diathesis) is manifested by symptoms:

• itching;
• desquamation on the cheeks;
• rash behind the knees, on the bend of the elbow, neck, and scalp;
• the child becomes whiny and irritable, sleep worsens.

Allergies in newborns for drugs is as follows:

• small rash on the buttocks, face and back;
• sudamen in the folds of the skin;
• diarrhea, nausea;
• in case of complications, anaphylactic shock.

Symptoms of respiratory allergies:

• labored breathing;
• rhinitis;
• tracheitis;
• sneezing and sore throat;
• in rare cases this allergy manifests in the form of rashes;
• as a result of complications are possible asthma attacks.

The causes of allergy in infants

In newborn infants, pathology often occurs as a result of:

1. Genetic predisposition. If at least one parent is allergic, the child disease transmission chance increases to 40%.
2. Dysbacteriosis. The disease often manifests itself as a result of improper breastfeeding, poor digestive system, problems with the microflora or during power artificial mixtures. Lack of breast milk has a negative impact on the child's bowel habits. Because of this, often a food allergy.
3. Improper nutrition mom during pregnancy and breastfeeding may also negatively affect the state of the baby.
4. The reaction to vaccination a rash occurs in immunocompromised children.
5. Inhalation of pollen of certain plants. Children with allergies should avoid exposure to ragweed, birch, alder, poplar fluff, especially during the flowering period.
6. Using vysokoallergennyh products as a lure.
7. Infectious disease mom during pregnancy. Some diseases (rubella, hepatitis, purulent tonsillitis) may develop in the newborn sensitivity to certain allergens.
8. Long-term use of antibiotics the child can turn the development of drug allergy. Improper treatment can not only cause a negative reaction in the form of rashes, but the complications of type asthma and edema.
9. In some cases, drug allergy can occur due flavorings and colorings as a part of medication.
10. Some newborns pathology may occur due to incorrectly matched care products (Napkins, shampoo, soap, detergent).
11. Bad ecology. In cities with a large number of industrial enterprises doctors diagnose allergies in children more often.

Diagnosis of allergy in infants.

Some allergy can be controlled independently. If the reaction is triggered mother nutrition during breastfeeding, or introduced into the child's diet allergenic product, it is necessary to exclude it from the menu. In this case, eventually allergy symptoms disappear on their own.

It looks allergy in infants as a rash of different sizes and colors depending on the allergen and may be accompanied by rhinitis, gastrointestinal disorders and breathing difficulties.

In order to make an accurate diagnosis of the child should be examined by a doctor.

The first diagnosis is by talking to parents about the course and conditions of the pathology. For the case of a food allergy assistant will be a food diary, which records the mother to use the products.

type allergen study conducted by such diagnostics:

• a blood test for antibody content (for children older than 1 month);
• Tests to determine the type of allergen by eliminating certain foods from the diet.

Analyzes allow more accurately determine the allergen and prescribe treatment. Diagnosis is carried out in the laboratory under the supervision of a doctor or nurse. Infants often assigned a blood test because of its simplicity and convenience. Skin tests give a more accurate result, but such tests prescribed for children from 2 years of age.

type allergen	Cost analysis rubles
flowering grass	400-550
citrus	400-600
trees (alder, birch, oak, hazel)	500-600
weeds (ragweed, sagebrush, elder)	300-550
house dust	300-400
epithelium of cats and dogs	450-550
grass and trees	1100
mixture household allergens	1100

When to see a doctor

Small rash in the newborn can be cured on their own. However, if the spots on the body of the child continue to emerge, and the condition worsens, seek medical attention. To begin, go consult a pediatrician. Depending on the cause of the allergy is assigned to a special diet for the mother at the time of feeding a mixture of selected and complementary foods.

In some cases, the prescriber-sorbents pribiotiki, ointments and creams. If there is extensive damage to the skin, the child needs help dermatologist. He picks up a means for wound healing in accordance with the child's age and the severity of the disease.

In order to establish the exact cause of allergy pediatrician will refer you to an allergist. The specialist should examine the newborn, determine the nature of the rash, and then assign the analysis of blood and urine. To confirm the diagnosis may need to consult a gastroenterologist. This doctor prescribes tests for bacteria overgrowth and directs an ultrasound of internal organs.

Prevention of allergy in infants

1. From the moment of birth is important to breastfeed. In breast milk there are components that are necessary for the health of the baby.
2. The longer the baby will be breastfed, the better. In breast milk contains a protein that is easily digested and gives the child the necessary elements. Children who are breast-feeding less likely to suffer from allergies, and if the disease appears, then disappears without a trace in the future.
3. It should be remembered that allergies are often inherited.
4. During pregnancy, the expectant mother should be fed with caution, since a number of products can cause allergies in children.
5. mom giving up bad habits.
6. You can not engage in self-baby and choose the medication without the knowledge of the doctor.
7. House should be clean and comfortable temperature.
8. Cook food for a newborn is only necessary because of the purified water.
9. In the early years of baby's life is not recommended to bring pets.

Methods of treatment of allergy in infants

Treatment of allergy in a child is dependent on the stage of the disease and causes. It looks allergy in infants sometimes frightening rash may spread to the whole body. That is why the various medicines, folk remedies, diet is used for getting rid of the allergen.

Medications

Medications come in several forms.

antihistamines

This group of drugs helps fight rashes. The components that make up the drug, block allergens and resist development reaction. Antihistamines are divided into several categories: first generation, second and third. Drugs of the first group may have an impact on the child's nervous system, cause drowsiness, lethargy or excitement.

Preparations other groups have a more loyal effect on the body.

Preparations 1st generation	Preparations 2nd generation	Preparations third generation
suprastin	loratadine	Zyrtec
Diphenhydramine	Klaridol	Parlazin
Psili Balm	Klarisens	cetirizine
tavegil	Klarotadin	Tsetrin

1. Zyrtec-vypuskaetsya in tablet form. Prescribed for the treatment of allergic rhinitis, seasonal exacerbations, urticaria, angioedema. Drug use, 1 tablet every night for 7 days. Among the side effects distinguish drowsiness, irritability, restlessness. Price from 290 rubles.
2. Claritin. It is produced in the form of tablets and syrup. It is used to treat seasonal exacerbations of allergies, hives, dermatitis. Use 1 time a day for 1 hour. half liter syrup or tablet. Among the side effects can be fatigue, weakness, drowsiness, and nausea. The duration of treatment is prescribed individually. Price from 610 rubles.
3. Tsetrin. It is produced in the form of tablets. It is used for treatment of allergic rhinitis, seasonal allergies, and reactions to, domestic medicinal stimuli hive. The effect of the drug appears after 20-40 minutes and lasts for days. Use 1 tablet every day for the rest of allergy. Among the side effects of isolated weakness, drowsiness, headache. Price from 170 rubles.

chelators

They are a group of drugs that are able to deduce from the human body of toxic substances. Often used to treat allergies, as components of drugs to prevent the development of renal failure, and do not violate the metabolism.

Chelators prescribed for such diseases:

• atopic dermatitis;
• bronchial asthma;
• hives;
• household allergens.

1. Enterosgel. This drug helps to fight not only with allergies, but also strengthens the immunity of the child, improving the functioning of internal organs. Available in the form of a paste. Struggles with food and drug allergies, dermatitis, urticaria, asthma, eczema. For newborns, the dose is 1 hour. l. 1 per day. constipation can be observed among the side effects. Duration of from 7 to 14 days. Price from 396 rubles.
2. Smecta. The drug is based on natural ingredients. Available as a powder for reconstitution in water. It has orange flavor and taste, so it is widely used for children. The daily dosage for infants, children 1 bag. The course of from 3 to 8 days. Price from 140 rubles for 10 bags.
3. Sorbeks. Available in the form of capsules or sachets. Drug use is strictly on prescription. The daily dosage of 1 capsule. Side effects most often appear due to exceeding the course of treatment and are manifested in the form of diarrhea, constipation, vitamin deficiencies. Duration of not more than 12 days. Price from 99 rubles.

ointments

Using ointments and creams to speed up the healing process of tissues to soothe the skin and prevent the development of allergies.

Prescribed for the treatment:

• atopic dermatitis;
• hives;
• eczema;
• dermatosis.

drug Name	release Form	At what age is applied	Why apply
fenistil	Gel emulsion and	From birth	dermatosis eczema hives
Psili Balm	Gel	dermatitis allergic irritation
Bepanten, D-panthenol	Cream and ointment	itching dermatosis eczema hives
Sudocrem	Cream	eczema dermatitis
Tsindol	Suspension	With 4 months	skin inflammation eczema
Advantan	cream ointment emulsion	atopic and contact dermatitis eczema

Traditional methods

1. The succession. It is one of the most common tools. With it, struggling with inflammation, itching and irritation. For the treatment of allergy ointment applied on the basis of the plant or swimming in the broth. For broth need to take 1 liter of boiling water and 9 Art. l. succession. Received means infused for 20 minutes and then added to the bath.
2. Bay leaf. This way you can strengthen the immune system of the kid and the vessels, reduce inflammation. To prepare the broth must be 4 pieces leafs and 600 mL of boiling water. Agent is infused for 15 minutes and used as lotions.
3. Aloe. The juice of this plant helps reduce inflammation, heals wounds and kills bacteria. For use sufficiently lower cut aloe leaves, make a longitudinal cut and attach this part to the inflamed site. Can be secured with the help of a compress bandage or plaster.

Other methods

In addition to medical treatment, and to improve people's state of the baby can be by revising food nursing mothers.

The first step is to eliminate or minimize such products:

• seafood;
• chocolate, candy and other sweets;
• eggs;
• nuts;
• red and orange fruits (vegetables);
• exotic fruits (pineapple, kiwi).

A strict diet during breast feeding is an integral part of the mother's life.

possible complications

Untimely and improper treatment of allergies in children can bring to the emergence of such complications:

1. Angioedema. In this case, the reaction to the allergen appears large swelling. Often the cause of edema becomes an insect bite, food, sunlight. In order to prevent the occurrence of allergy enough to avoid contact with an irritant.
2. Anaphylactic shock - a dangerous complication that can lead to a straight-end. In this case, it is important to quickly provide first aid, as to predict the development of anaphylaxis is almost impossible.
3. Bronchial asthma. Very often, the disease becomes a complication of developing allergies.
4. serum sickness - it appears as a response to immune serum. In case of complications can cause anaphylactic shock.
5. Anemia. Severe stage of allergy destroys red blood cells, leading to anemia.
6. Psoriasis. Often acts as a complication of dermatitis or eczema.
7. Development of rhinitis and otitis because allergies can cause complications such as: sinusitis, encephalitis, meningitis and deafness.
8. Weak immunity and fatigue.

Allergy in infants, serious pathology, which can have unintended consequences.

Parents need to monitor the health of the baby, to know what it looks like disease, to distinguish it from other pathologies. Fortunately, the development of the disease can be controlled with medications. It must be remembered that allergies in children can result in development of complications if not properly treated.

Useful video of allergy in infants, its symptoms and treatments

Food allergies in children breastfed:

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