Immature granulocytes increased in the adult. What it says is the norm, the reasons women, men

Immature granulocytes are a type of white blood cells - white blood cells, which differ in appearance and function in the body. The group consists of promyelocytes, myelocytes and metamyelocytes. The name they got from the fact that the microscopic staining visible granules.

Normally, immature granulocytes to be present in the bone marrow, but not in the peripheral blood. They can be raised in an adult as a result of physiological causes, and in some diseases. Analysis often indicated for the diagnosis of infectious and neoplastic processes.

What does the analysis on granulocytes

Immature granulocytes elevated in adult - a marker of a pathological left shift leukocytic formula. Mature cells are the basis of "white blood", or white blood cells, the main function of which - the immune defenses of the organism. Granulocytes are up to 80% of the total number of leukocytes.

This type of immature cells produced in the bone marrow and appear in the blood in two cases - with a deficit of mature granulocytes and to replace the old forms (normal level in the blood).

The circulation of the plasma they last long - about 6-7 days, and lifetime in the tissues of an average of 2 days. Since the biological cell cycle is very short, their number in the blood should be at a minimum rate.

Violation of the circulation mechanism of immature granulocytes indicates a deterioration of "defense line" of the body, to reduce its resistance against and other infectious diseases, because the cells formed in the subsequent, responsible for producing antimicrobial, antiparasitic and anti-inflammatory substances.

When the pathological process is activated granulocytes begin to die quickly and in short supply. In order to replenish the stock in the blood to form immature cells, designed to eliminate the "gaps" in the immune defense.

When the prescribed study?

Determination of the number of white blood cells, and one of their species, immature granulocytes, is one of the most common laboratory tests. It is carried out in a clinical ( "total") blood test, but the direction of the doctor must be sure to specify that you want to decrypt leukocyte.

The study is assigned in the following cases:

• at scheduled medical examinations;
• for analyzing the general condition of immunity, assessment of the body's ability to resist infections of viral and bacterial origin;
• allergic pathologies;
• for the diagnosis of leukemia and other diseases;
• to evaluate the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions and the dynamics of the pathological process;
• if necessary hospitalization of the patient in the hospital;
• prior to surgery.

The direction of the laboratory can give the doctor of any specialty.

norm

Immature granulocytes increased in adult assays can be in absolute and relative terms. Normally, they should be completely absent in the blood, but still a small number allowed.

The relative abundance of the cells of this species on the medical forms specified under the symbol IMM% and is expressed in Percentage of total granulocyte and absolute - IMM #, which may be the units g / l, or 10⁹/ L in different laboratories.

men

In healthy men the number of immature cells should not exceed 5%, or 0.07 * 10⁹/л. At puberty in boys, this figure in relative terms, can reach 6%.

By increasing the content of immature granulocytes required further examination and clarification of history in order to clarify the reasons for the deviation and diagnosis. In doubtful cases, the doctor may take a second analysis of the change.

Among women

The difference in the normal values ​​for the missing men and women, as the WBC is practically does not depend on gender. In children, the ratio of mature and immature cells form different from adult values.

How to prepare for the study

Determination of immature granulocytes concentrations produced as part of CBC.

General rules for the preparation are as follows:

• 12 hours before the delivery of biomaterial is necessary to refuse to eat, you can drink only non-carbonated water;
• the last meal should be light (early dinner), coffee and tea are excluded;
• during the day on the eve can not eat fatty and fried foods;
• 2-3 days (or at least 1 day) to visit the laboratory should be discarded from the spirits;
• per day must also exclude heavy exercise, steam baths, saunas, try to avoid emotional stress;
• 1 hour prior to delivery of the biomaterial is forbidden to smoke;
• immediately prior to blood sampling is necessary to rest for 10-15 minutes., it is also recommended to warm the hands to improve circulation.

Analysis pass in the morning from 8-00 to 11-00. If on the same day appointed other diagnostic or physiotherapy, they need to be done after this.

How does the biomaterial fence

Biomaterial sampling technique consists of the following successive actions:

1. The patient is seated on a chair at the nurses table, his left hand placed on the table.
2. The piercing - the ring finger of his left hand - rubbed with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol (or an alcohol swab). Blood is taken from the finger because it has a synovial sheath, preventing the spread of infections. If this fails, then the fence is made of a different finger. In young children, the analysis may be taken from the heel. In rare cases, blood is taken from the ear lobe.
3. Make a disposable puncture needle or lancet applicator (sharpened plate). The first method is less painful. The puncture should be performed on the side of the fingertip, as there is more blood capillaries and fewer nerve endings.
4. The nurse removes the first drop of blood with a dry cloth. It contains a lot of tissue elements, so is not used. During a blood transfusion in the tube can not massage the puncture site, so that the biomaterial no foreign substances. In order to better blood flowed, the nurse may gently press down on the finger in an area located above the puncture site.
5. Blood drawn into the capillary and transferred into a test tube (or directly into a short capillary tube, subsequently removable therefrom).
6. The puncture clamp for 5-10 minutes. alcohol wipe or a cotton swab dipped in alcohol.

How to wait for the study results

The commercial laboratory test results can be ready in the afternoon on the same day. Usually study takes no more than 1 business day, but if the medical institution heavily loaded, it may take longer.

Biomaterials after collection stored in a refrigerator. Counting the number of immature granulocytes or produced as a laboratory "by hand" using the microscopic method, or automated hematology analyzers.

Explanation responses analysis

Immature granulocytes and interpretation of their levels in the blood are measured in conjunction with other clinical data.

So, if they are elevated in adults after cardiac surgery by more than 2%, it indicates a greater risk of infectious and inflammatory complications. In identifying sepsis increase in the concentration of immature cells reduces the patient's chances of survival.

On the other hand, there are categories of patients whose threshold exceeding 5% may not be an indication of abnormalities.

These include the following persons:

• women during the menstrual cycle;
• pregnant women;
• newborns;
• patients exposed to chronic stress or regular heavy exercise.

The reasons for raising

An increase of immature granulocytes concentrations observed during the development of pathologies such as:

• malignancies, leukemia;
• infectious diseases of different localization (typhoid fever, malaria, tuberculosis, measles, meningitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis, etc.);
• systemic inflammatory response syndrome in extensive surgical interventions;
• Liver disease - cirrhosis and hepatitis;
• autoimmune disorders;
• extensive burns or heavy bleeding;
• severe intoxication;
• allergy;
• acute inflammatory processes (abscess, peritonitis, appendicitis, abscess, etc.).

Which could affect the accuracy of the study?

The following factors may affect the results of the analysis:

• failure to comply with patients' rights training;
• the use of drugs (in their admission must notify the doctor in advance, you may need to repeal means a few days before giving blood);
• a laboratory error - uneven distribution of blood cells in the smear (it depends on the staff), incorrect counting of immature granulocytes, the statistical error.

Blood analysis in automatic analyzers is the most preferred, since in this case studied to 30 000 cells, whereas the microscopic method - 100 only.

How much is a study where they spend

A study to determine the level of immature granulocytes in the blood can be performed in any laboratory that specializes in diagnostic procedures.

The average cost of a clinical blood test with leukocyte formula in the commercial medical institutions is about 400 rubles. If blood sampling is necessary to make out of the vein, it will also need to pay 130-250 rubles. Some laboratories provide this service with home visits to the sick.

normalization of

Itself a deviation from the norm for the immature granulocytes is not diagnostically valuable. Pathological disorders of indicators should be accompanied by other symptoms. To identify the reasons for the high level of immature cells need more instrumental and laboratory diagnostics.

In this connection, self-treatment is not recommended, as are diseases in which there is a change of granulocytes They have varied in nature and require a completely different therapeutic approach, both conservative and surgery. The following are the most common causes and remedies such condition.

As a preventive measure should be systematically undergo medical examinations for the early detection of pathologies, maintain a healthy lifestyle, avoid infectious diseases, strictly follow the doctor's instructions in the presence of diseases.

medicines

The table below shows the basic methods for treating diseases in which is an increase in the level of immature granulocytes:

group of diseases	Disease	Basic drugs
infectious disease	Typhoid fever	Antibacterials: fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, pefloxacin, ofloxacin, gatifloxacin), cephalosporins (Ceftazidime, Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Cefixime), macrolides (azithromycin) GI motility stimulants (Domperidone, Metoclopramide) Chelators (polymethylsiloxane polyhydrate, Rekitsen RD, pectic) antidote Dimercaprol
Malaria	Antimalarial drugs (chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, Primaquine and others)
Tuberculosis	TB drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, rifabutin, pyrazinamide, and others)
Rubella	Specific treatment exists, is used to relieve symptoms Paracetamol
Meningitis	Antibacterial agents (penicillin, ampicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems)
Pneumonia	Broad-spectrum antibiotics (cephalosporins, macrolides, carbapenems, quinolones)
pyelonephritis	Antibacterial agents (penicillins, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins) Painkillers, antipyretics and other drugs for the symptomatic treatment
liver disease	cirrhosis	Hepatoprotectors (Essentiale Forte Phosphogliv, antral, Essliver, Fosfontsiale, Rezalyut Pro Gepatrin)
Hepatitis	Hepatoprotectors (Methionine ursodeoksiholievaya acid, essential phospholipids) Means for normalization of the gastrointestinal tract (lactulose, lacto-and bifidobacteria)
burns	—	fluid management Local antibiotics (hydrogen peroxide, potassium permanganate, nitrofurans, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, sulfonamides) analgesics
intoxication	—	Chelators (activated carbon, and other Filtrum) antidotes
Allergy	—	Antihistamines (Suprastin, Tavegil, diphenhydramine, Diazolin, Claritin, Fenistil and others)

Folk remedies

Immature granulocytes increased in adults may be due to various reasons. To eliminate them pick appropriate recipes of traditional medicine.

Oncological diseases are treated using plant poisons:

• Decoction of celandine. 1 tbsp. l. herb of this plant, as much plantain, 2 tablespoons. l. lemon balm, nettle leaves, horsetail, 1 tbsp. l. dandelion roots mixed. 2 tbsp. l. collection pour 3 tablespoons. water and boil. Decoction drink 1/3 Art. 3 times a day before meals.
• Tincture of hemlock. Inflorescence and leaves the plants are placed in a glass jar and poured alcohol (1: 3 ratio). Held for months, and then filtered. Receiving means fasted morning, beginning with 1 drop diluted in 100 g of water. Gradually, this amount is adjusted to 30-40 drops.

Infectious diseases have used such recipes as:

• pyelonephritis - bearberry broths (2 tbsp. l. 0.5 liters of boiling water, drink 2 tbsp. l. 3-4 times a day), cranberries (2 tbsp. l. 1.5 st. boiling water drinking in the same way), juice or cranberry juice (at 2 tbsp. in a day).
• Pneumonia:

1. 2 tbsp. crush peeled garlic, squeeze the juice and pour it into 1 liter jar cahors. Infuse for 1 week. Drink 1 tbsp. l. 3 times a day.
2. 2 large onions chop, pour 1 tbsp. hot milk, boil 5 minutes. Strain and take 1 tbsp. l. every hour (acute course of the disease).

The following methods are used for efficient liver pathologies:

• Cut off the top of a medium-sized ripe pumpkin, clean out its internal cavity from the seeds and fill the flower honey. The resulting "barrel" close and incubate in a dark, dry place for 2 weeks. Take this remedy for a month.
• Squeeze beet and carrot juice, mix them in a ratio of 1: 5. Drink 1 tbsp. before meals 3 times a day.
• Young branches of a weeping willow chop, put in a saucepan and pour 3 liters of boiling water. Infuse for 1 night, drain. Drink throughout the day instead of tea. Keep refrigerated.

diet therapy

General rules for food under the above diseases are as follows:

• meal should be a regular, small meals;
• preferably a couple of dishes and cooked;
• diet should be nutritious and varied;
• should be excluded fried, canned, spicy, fatty food, crude fiber, as they irritate the gastrointestinal tract.

Dietary recommendations for a given symptom depends on the characteristics of the disease. Thus, pyelonephritis necessary compliance lactic vegetable diet, salt intake is restricted to 5 g per day. Liver cirrhosis protein content should be at least 1 g per 1 kg of body weight daily. There are other features of the power, which must inform the attending physician.

Prognosis and complications

If a slight increase in the level of immature granulocytes in the normal range is not accompanied by other pathological symptoms, such a state does not carry risks to human health.

When running pathologies can result in serious metabolic disorders, decreased immunity and other complications, Accompanying disease (including death hepatitis, cirrhosis, malignant and infectious processes).

Prognosis of the disease depends on the type of timely diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, the detection of leukocyte shift in the blood need to undergo a full examination in accordance with the prescribing physician.

Immature granulocytes by themselves do not indicate a particular disease. If they are raised in an adult, it requires further examination. The analysis results are recorded in combination with other information. One of the most frequent reasons for the increase in their number are infectious and inflammatory diseases.

Registration of the article: Vladimir the Great

Video of granulocytes

On the analysis ESR: